Caryophyllene

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-11-6-5-7-12(2)13-10-15(3,4)14(13)9-8-11/h6,13-14H,2,5,7-10H2,1,3-4H3/b11-6+/t13-,14-/m0/s1
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NPNUFJAVOOONJE-IOMPXFEGSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 87-44-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
Species with the same structure:
Stereoisomers:
Other names: Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-, [1R-(1R*,4E,9S*)]-; Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-, (E)-(1R,9S)-(-)-; β-Caryophyllen; β-Caryophyllene; trans-Caryophyllene; L-Caryophyllene; Bicyclo(7.2.0)undec-4-ene, 8-methylene-4,11,11-trimethyl-, (E)-(1R,9S)-(-)-; 8-Methylene-4,11,11-(trimethyl)bicyclo(7.2.0)undec-4-ene, (1R,4E,9S)-; beta-Caryophyllene; β-(E)-Caryophyllene; β-trans-Caryophyllene; Caryophyllene, (E); E-β-Caryophyllene; (E)-Caryophyllene; trans-β-Caryophyllene; (-)-(E)-Caryophyllene; Caryophyllene B; NSC 11906; t-β-caryophyllene; β-Caryophillene; 4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene; β-cariofillene; β-caryophellene; bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-[1R-(4E,9S)]; (E)-β-Caryophylene
Information on this page:
Other data available:
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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SE-52	BPX-5	BP-5	CBP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.22	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.25	0.25
Program	40C(2min) => 4C/min => 220C => 20C/min => 280C	45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C(10min)	35C => 4C/min => 200C => 30C/min => 300C (3min)	30C(1min) => 50C/min => 105C => 1.5C/min => 150C => 30C/min => 280C (10min)	60C => 3C/min => 246C => 10C/min => 270C (5min)
I	1423.	1418.	1432.	1431.	1420.
Reference	Andrade, Sampaio, et al., 2007	Bruni, Bianchi, et al., 2007	Dharmawan, Kasapis, et al., 2007	Sant'Anna, Fontes, et al., 2007	Silva, Oliveira, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	VF-5MS	VF-5MS	VF-5MS	VF-5MS	VF-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Program	40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C	40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C	40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C	40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C	40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C
I	1413.	1413.	1413.	1413.	1413.
Reference	Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006	Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006	Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006	Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006	Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BPX-5	DB-5MS	SE-52	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.15	0.25
Program	35C(5min) => 3C/min => 210C => 40C/min => 240C (4min)	50C(3min) => 200C(2min) => 15C/min => 300C(5min)	45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)	40C(3min) => 3C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 260C(2min)	not specified
I	1440.	1467.	1419.	1411.	1426.
Reference	Cardeal, da Silva, et al., 2006	Eom S.H., Yang H.S., et al., 2006	Guerrini, Sacchetti, et al., 2006	Moon, Cliff, et al., 2006	Özel, Gögüs, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SE-52	DB-5	DB-5MS	SE-52
Column length (m)		30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)		0.32	0.25	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)		0.15	0.25	0.5	0.15
Program	not specified	45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C(10min)	40C(2min) => 4C/min => 220C => 20C/min => 280C	50C => 5C/min => 200C => 8C/min => 260C(5min)	45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C(10min)
I	1467.	1419.	1422.	1427.	1421.
Reference	Özel, Gögüs, et al., 2006	Sacchetti, Guerrini, et al., 2006	Sampaio and Nogueira, 2006	Selli, Rannou, et al., 2006	Bruni, Pellati, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-52	CBP-5	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	DB-5MS	ZB-5
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He	He	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.43	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.50
Program	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 250C(10min)	60C => 3C/min => 240C => 10C/min => 280C(10min)	45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)	40 (5min) => 4C/min => 140C => 4C/min => 200C (20min)	not specified
I	1412.	1418.	1419.	1417.	1418.
Reference	Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2005	Oliveira, Campos, et al., 2005	Sacchetti, Maietti, et al., 2005	Zheng, Kim, et al., 2005	Bell, 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	SE-52	CP-Sil5 CB MS	DB-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	25.	60.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		H2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.43	0.25	0.1	0.25
Program	70C(3min) => 4C/min => 120C => 8C/min => 250C	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 250C(10min)	40C(1min) => 25C/min => 120C => 2C/min => 190C => 25C/min => 250C (5min)	40C(5min) => 20C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 160C => 40C/min => 250C (5min)	40C(5min) => 20C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 160C => 40C/min => 250C (5min)
I	1428.	1413.	1417.1	1391.8	1404.3
Reference	Díaz-Maroto, Sánchez Palomo, et al., 2004	Frizzo, Lorenzo, et al., 2004	Helmig, Bocquet, et al., 2004	Helmig, Bocquet, et al., 2004	Helmig, Bocquet, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-52	SE-52	DB-5MS	SE-52	CP Sil 8 CB
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	25.	50.
Carrier gas		He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.52	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.4	0.15	0.25	0.25
Program	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 250C(10min)	45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)	40C(5min) => 4C/min => 160C => 8C/min => 240C (15min)	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 230C	60C (2min) => 5C/min => 160C (1min) => 10C/min => 250C (2min)
I	1417.	1419.	1423.	1415.	1418.
Reference	Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2004	Sacchetti, Medici, et al., 2004	Kim, Lee, et al., 2003	Lorenzo, Loayza, et al., 2003	Mockute and Judzentiene, 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	CBP-5	HP-5	HP-5	SE-52
Column length (m)	30.	50.	50.	50.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.2	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.33	0.33	0.40
Program	60C(2min) => 3C/min => 240C => 10C/min => 270C (4.5min)	60C(2min) => 3C/min => 240C => 10C/min => 280C(10min)	50C(2min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C(30min)	50C(2min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C(30min)	60 C (8 min) 3 C/min -> 180 C 20 C/min -> 250 C (10 min)
I	1414.	1417.	1418.	1418.	1409.
Reference	Passos X.S., Castro A.C.M., et al., 2003	Azevedo, Campos, et al., 2002	García, Alvarez, et al., 2002	García, Alvarez, et al., 2002	Lorenzo, Loayza, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-52	SE-52	BP-1	SE-52	SE-52
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	H2		H2	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.22	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.42	0.42	0.25	0.40	0.40
Program	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 250C(10min)	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 250C(10min)	not specified	60 0C (8 min) 3 K/min -> 180 0C 20 K/min -> 250 0C (10 min)	60 0C (8 min) 3 K/min -> 180 0C 20 K/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
I	1410.	1415.	1423.	1414.	1418.
Reference	Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2002	Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2002	Cavalli, Ranarivelo, et al., 2001	Lorenzo, Dellacassa, et al., 2001	Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-52	DB-1	BP-1	HP-5	SE-52
Column length (m)	25.	60.		30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He			He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
Program	60 0C (8 min) 3 K/min -> 180 0C 20 K/min -> 230 0C	-20C (5min) => 10C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 280C	not specified	40C(1min) => 3C/min => 120C => 5C/min => 280C	60C(8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 230C
I	1420.	1423.	1421.	1414.	1414.
Reference	Lorenzo, Saavedra, et al., 2001	Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000	Filippini, Tomi, et al., 2000	Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2000	Lorenzo, Dellacassa, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-52	SE-52
Column length (m)	25.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.40
Program	60 0C (8 min) 3 K/min -> 180 0C 20 K/min -> 230 0C	45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min)
I	1423.	1427.
Reference	Loayza, de Groot, et al., 1999	Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program, Notes

Andrade, Sampaio, et al., 2007
Andrade, M.S.; Sampaio, T.S.; Nogueira, P.C.L.; Ribeiro, A.S.; Bittrich, V.; Amaral, M.C.E., Volatile compounds of the leaves, flowers and fruits of Kielmeyera rugosa Choisy (Clusiaceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 49-52, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1751 . [all data]

Bruni, Bianchi, et al., 2007
Bruni, R.; Bianchi, A.; Bellardi, M.G., Essential oil composition of Agastache anethiodora Britton (Lamiaceae) infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 66-70, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1760 . [all data]

Dharmawan, Kasapis, et al., 2007
Dharmawan, J.; Kasapis, S.; Curran, P.; Johnson, J.R., Characterization of volatile compounds in selected citrus fruits from Asia. Part I: freshly-squeezed juice, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 228-232, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1790 . [all data]

Sant'Anna, Fontes, et al., 2007
Sant'Anna, B.M.P.; Fontes, S.P.; Pinto, A.C.; Rezende, C.M., Characterization of woody odorant contributors in copaiba oil (Copaifera multijuga Hayne), J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2007, 18, 5, 984-989, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000500016 . [all data]

Silva, Oliveira, et al., 2007
Silva, F.G.; Oliveira, C.B.A.; Pinto, J.E.B.P.; Nascimento, V.E.; Santos, S.C.; Seraphin, J.C.; Ferri, P.H., Seasonal Variability in the Essential Oils of Wild and Cultivated Baccharis trimera, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2007, 18, 5, 990-997, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000500017 . [all data]

Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006
Carasek, E.; Pawliszyn, J., Screening of Tropical Fruit Volatile Compounds Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Fibers and Internally Cooled SPME Fiber, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8688-8696, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0613942 . [all data]

Cardeal, da Silva, et al., 2006
Cardeal, Z.L.; da Silva, M.D.R.G.; Marriott, P.J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of pepper volatiles, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 20, 19, 2823-2836, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2665 . [all data]

Eom S.H., Yang H.S., et al., 2006
Eom S.H.; Yang H.S.; Weston L.A., An evaluation of the allelopathic potential of selected perennial groundcovers: Foliar volatiles of catmint (Nepeta x faassenii) inhibit seedling growth, J. Chem. Ecol., 2006, 32, 8, 1835-1848, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9112-1 . [all data]

Guerrini, Sacchetti, et al., 2006
Guerrini, A.; Sacchetti, G.; Muzzoli, M.; Rueda, G.M.; Medici, A.; Besco, E.; Bruni, R., Composition of the Volatile Fraction of Ocotea bofo Kunth (Lauraceae) Calyces by GC-MS and NMR Fingerprinting and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 20, 7778-7788, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0605493 . [all data]

Moon, Cliff, et al., 2006
Moon, S.-Y.; Cliff, M.A.; Li-Chan, E.C.Y., Odour-active components of simulated beef flavour analysed by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and -olfactometry, Food Res. Int., 2006, 39, 3, 294-308, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2005.08.002 . [all data]

Özel, Gögüs, et al., 2006
Özel, M.Z.; Gögüs, F.; Lewis, A.C., Determination of Teucrium chamaedrys volatiles by using direct thermal desorption-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1114, 1, 164-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.036 . [all data]

Sacchetti, Guerrini, et al., 2006
Sacchetti, G.; Guerrini, A.; Noriega, P.; Bianchi, A.; Bruni, R., Essential oil of wild Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. (Lauraceae) leaves from Amazonian Ecuador, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 674-676, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1648 . [all data]

Sampaio and Nogueira, 2006
Sampaio, T.S.; Nogueira, P.C.L., Volatile components of mangaba fruit (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) at three stages of maturity, Food Chem., 2006, 95, 4, 606-610, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.038 . [all data]

Selli, Rannou, et al., 2006
Selli, S.; Rannou, C.; Prost, C.; Robin, J.; Serot, T., Characterization of Aroma-Active Compounds in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eliciting an Off-Odor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 25, 9496-9502, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0619582 . [all data]

Bruni, Pellati, et al., 2005
Bruni, R.; Pellati, F.; Grazia Bellardi, M.; Benvenuti, S.; Paltrinieri, S.; Bertaccini, A.; Bianchi, A., Herbal drug quality and phytochemical composition of Hypericum perforatum L. affected by ash yellows phytoplasma infection, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 4, 964-968, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0487654 . [all data]

Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2005
Lorenzo, D.; Paz, D.; Davies, P.; Villamil, J.; Vila, R.; Canigueral, S.; Dellacassa, E., Application of Multidimensional Gas Chromatography to the Enantioselective Characterisation of the Essential Oil of Eupatorium buniifolium Hooker et Arnott, Phytochem. Anal., 2005, 16, 1, 39-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.808 . [all data]

Oliveira, Campos, et al., 2005
Oliveira, M.J.; Campos, I.F.P.; Oliveira, C.B.A.; Santos, M.R.; Souza, P.S.; Santos, S.C.; Seraphin, J.C.; Ferri, P.H., Influence of growth phase on the essential oil composition of Hyptis suaveolens, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 3, 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.10.001 . [all data]

Sacchetti, Maietti, et al., 2005
Sacchetti, G.; Maietti, S.; Muzzoli, M.; Scaglianti, M.; Manfredini, S.; Radice, M.; Bruni, R., Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods, Food Chem., 2005, 91, 4, 621-632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.06.031 . [all data]

Zheng, Kim, et al., 2005
Zheng, C.H.; Kim, K.H.; Kim, T.H.; Lee, H.J., Analysis and characterization of aroma-active compounds of Schizandra chinensis (omija) leaves, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2005, 85, 1, 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1975 . [all data]

Bell, 2004
Bell, W.A.-M., Examination of Aroma Volatiles Formed from Thermal Processing of Florida Reconstituted Grapefruit Juice. A Thesis presented to the graduate school of the university of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science, 2004. [all data]

Díaz-Maroto, Sánchez Palomo, et al., 2004
Díaz-Maroto, M.C.; Sánchez Palomo, E.; Castro, L.; González Viñas, M.A.; Pérez-Coello, M.S., Changes produced in the aroma compounds and structural integrity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L) during drying, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2004, 84, 15, 2070-2076, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1921 . [all data]

Frizzo, Lorenzo, et al., 2004
Frizzo, C.D.; Lorenzo, D.; Dellacassa, E., Composition and seasonal variation of the essential oils from two mandarin cultivars of Southern Brazil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 10, 3036-3041, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030685x . [all data]

Helmig, Bocquet, et al., 2004
Helmig, D.; Bocquet, F.; Pollmann, J.; Revermann, T., Analytical techniques for sesquiterpene emission rate studies in vegetation enclosure experiments, Atmos. Environ., 2004, 38, 4, 557-572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.012 . [all data]

Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2004
Lorenzo, D.; Paz, D.; Davies, P.; Villamil, J.; Vila, R.; Cañigueral, S.; Dellacassa, E., Characterization and enantiomeric distribution of some terpenes in the essential oil of a Uruguayan biotype of Salvia sclarea L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 303-307, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1282 . [all data]

Sacchetti, Medici, et al., 2004
Sacchetti, G.; Medici, A.; Maietti, S.; Radice, M.; Muzzoli, M.; Manfredini, S.; Braccioli, E.; Bruni, R., Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 11, 3486-3491, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035145e . [all data]

Kim, Lee, et al., 2003
Kim, T.H.; Lee, S.M.; Kim, Y.-S.; Kim, K.H.; Oh, S.; Lee, H.J., Aroma dilution method using GC injector split ratio for volatile compounds extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction, Food Chem., 2003, 83, 1, 151-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00221-8 . [all data]

Lorenzo, Loayza, et al., 2003
Lorenzo, D.; Loayza, I.; Dellacassa, E., Composition of the essential oils from leaves of two Hedyosmum spp. from Bolivia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1146 . [all data]

Mockute and Judzentiene, 2003
Mockute, D.; Judzentiene, A., Variability of the essential oils composition of Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium growing wild in Lithuania, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2003, 31, 9, 1033-1045, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00066-8 . [all data]

Passos X.S., Castro A.C.M., et al., 2003
Passos X.S.; Castro A.C.M.; Pires J.S.; Garcia A.C.F.; Campos F.C.; Fernandes O.F.L.; Paula J.R.; Ferreira H.D.; Santos S.C.; Ferri P.H.; Silva M.D.R., Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Caryocar brasiliensis, Pharm. Biol., 2003, 41, 5, 319-324, https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.5.319.15936 . [all data]

Azevedo, Campos, et al., 2002
Azevedo, N.R.; Campos, I.F.P.; Ferreira, H.D.; Portes, T.A.; Seraphin, J.C.; de Paula, J.R.; Santos, S.C.; Ferri, P.H., Essential oil chemotypes in Hyptis suaveolens from Brazilian Cerrado, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2002, 30, 3, 205-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00075-8 . [all data]

García, Alvarez, et al., 2002
García, D.; Alvarez, A.; Tornos, P.; Fernandez, A.; Sáenz, T., Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry study of the essential oils of Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina and P. racemosa var. grisea, Z. Naturforsch., 2002, 57c, 449-451. [all data]

Lorenzo, Loayza, et al., 2002
Lorenzo, D.; Loayza, I.; Dellacassa, E., Composition of the essential oil of Tagetes maxima Kuntze from Bolivia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 2, 115-118, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1062 . [all data]

Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2002
Lorenzo, D.; Paz, D.; Dellacassa, E.; Davies, P.; Vila, R.; Cañigueral, S., Essential oils of Mentha pulegium and Mentha rotundifolia from Uruguay, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 2002, 45, 4, 519-524, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132002000600016 . [all data]

Cavalli, Ranarivelo, et al., 2001
Cavalli, J.-F.; Ranarivelo, L.; Ratsimbason, M.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Casanova, J., Constituents of the essential oil of six Helichrysum species from Madagascar, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 4, 253-256, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.994 . [all data]

Lorenzo, Dellacassa, et al., 2001
Lorenzo, D.; Dellacassa, E.; Bonaccorsi, I.; Mondello, L., Uruguayan essential oils. Composition of leaf oil of Myrcianthes cisplatensis (Camb.) Berg. ('Guayabo colorado') (Myrtaceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 2, 97-99, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200103/04)16:2<97::AID-FFJ952>3.0.CO;2-C . [all data]

Lorenzo, Paz, et al., 2001
Lorenzo, D.; Paz, D.; Davies, P.; Vila, R.; Canigueral, S.; Dellacassa, E., Composition of a new essential oil type of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown from Uruguay, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 356-359, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1011 . [all data]

Lorenzo, Saavedra, et al., 2001
Lorenzo, D.; Saavedra, G.; Loayza, I.; Dellacassa, E., Composition of the essential oil of Erechtites hieracifolia from Bolivia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 353-355, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1010 . [all data]

Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000
Eri, S.; Khoo, B.K.; Lech, J.; Hartman, T.G., Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1140-1149, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9911850 . [all data]

Filippini, Tomi, et al., 2000
Filippini, M.-H.; Tomi, F.; Casanova, J., Composition of the leaf oil of Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 3, 195-198, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<195::AID-FFJ891>3.0.CO;2-6 . [all data]

Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2000
Isidorov, V.; Krajewska, U.; Bal, K.; Jaroszynska, J.; Niesluchowska, A.; Fuksman, I., GC-MS identification of multicomponent organic compounds mixtures using extra column phase equilibrium, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 2000, 45, 513-520. [all data]

Lorenzo, Dellacassa, et al., 2000
Lorenzo, D.; Dellacassa, E.; Atti-Serafini, L.; Santos, A.C.; Frizzo, C.; Paroul, N.; Moyna, P.; Mondello, L.; Dugo, G., Composition and stereoanalysis of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt oil from Southern Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 3, 177-181, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<177::AID-FFJ887>3.0.CO;2-M . [all data]

Loayza, de Groot, et al., 1999
Loayza, I.; de Groot, W.; Lorenzo, D.; Dellacassa, E.; Mondello, L.; Dugo, G., Composition of the essential oil of Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. from Bolivia, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 6, 393-398, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199911/12)14:6<393::AID-FFJ849>3.0.CO;2-5 . [all data]

Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995
Mondello, L.; Dugo, P.; Basile, A.; Dugo, G., Interactive use of linear retention indices, on polar and apolar columns, with a MS-library for reliable identification of complex mixtures, J. Microcolumn Sep., 1995, 7, 6, 581-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070605 . [all data]

Notes

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Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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