Fluorene

Formula: C₁₃H₁₀
Molecular weight: 166.2185
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C13H10/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)12/h1-8H,9H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 86-73-7
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: 9H-Fluorene; o-Biphenylenemethane; Diphenylenemethane; Methane, diphenylene-; 2,2'-Methylenebiphenyl; 2,3-Benzindene; o-Biphenylmethane
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	42.23 ± 0.74	kcal/mol	Review	Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008	There are sufficient literature values to make a qualified recommendation where the suggested value is in good agreement with values predicted using thermochemical cycles or from reliable estimates. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (2 to 4) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δ_fH°_gas	41.83 ± 0.35	kcal/mol	Ccr	Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	39.89 ± 0.98	kcal/mol	Ccb	Sabbah, 1991	see Sabbah and Antipine, 1987; ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
9.477	50.	Dorofeeva O.V., 1989	Recommended values are also reproduced in the reference book [ Frenkel M., 1994]. These statistically calculated S(T) values agree with experimental ones within 1 J/mol*K.; GT
13.84	100.
19.47	150.
26.267	200.
37.457	273.15
41.37 ± 0.24	298.15
41.661	300.
56.410	400.
68.709	500.
78.518	600.
86.348	700.
92.694	800.
97.916	900.
102.27	1000.
105.93	1100.
109.03	1200.
111.67	1300.
113.93	1400.
115.88	1500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_solid	21.6 ± 0.67	kcal/mol	Review	Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008	There are sufficient literature values to make a qualified recommendation where the suggested value is in good agreement with values predicted using thermochemical cycles or from reliable estimates. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (2 to 4) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δ_fH°_solid	21.48 ± 0.33	kcal/mol	Ccr	Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994	ALS
Δ_fH°_solid	20.7 ± 0.98	kcal/mol	Ccb	Sabbah, 1991	see Sabbah and Antipine, 1987; ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_solid	-1585.71 ± 0.26	kcal/mol	Ccr	Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994	Corresponding Δ_fHº_solid = 21.47 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_solid	-1585.0 ± 0.96	kcal/mol	Ccb	Sabbah, 1991	see Sabbah and Antipine, 1987; Corresponding Δ_fHº_solid = 20.7 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{solid,1 bar}	49.551	cal/mol*K	N/A	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977	crystaline, I phase; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

C_p,solid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
48.549	298.15	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977	crystaline, I phase; T = 10 to 440 K.; DH
45.29	298.1	Eibert, 1944	T = 25 to 200°C, equations only, in t°C. Cp(c) = 0.2479 + 0.001233t cal/gK (25 to 70°C); Cp(liq) = 0.320 + 0.00845t cal/gK (114 to 200°C).; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	571.2	K	N/A	Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990	BS
T_boil	567.2	K	N/A	Weast and Grasselli, 1989	BS
T_boil	569.55	K	N/A	Lecat, 1943	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	388. ± 2.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 13 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	355.51	K	N/A	Sabbah, 1991	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
T_triple	387.94	K	N/A	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977, 2	Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; C2 - C1 is a second order transition; TRC
T_triple	387.94	K	N/A	Osborn and Douslin, 1975	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	17.3 ± 0.41	kcal/mol	CGC	Hanshaw, Nutt, et al., 2008	AC
Δ_vapH°	17.8 ± 0.29	kcal/mol	GC	Haftka, Parsons, et al., 2006	Based on data from 373. to 423. K.; AC
Δ_vapH°	17.3	kcal/mol	CGC	Chickos, Hesse, et al., 1998	AC
Δ_vapH°	17.3	kcal/mol	CGC	Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995	Based on data from 403. to 453. K.; AC
Δ_vapH°	15.7	kcal/mol	B	Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994	Based on data from 323. to 363. K.; AC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_subH°	20. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.0	398.	GC	Lei, Chankalal, et al., 2002	Based on data from 323. to 473. K.; AC
15.1	398.	N/A	Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988	Based on data from 383. to 427. K.; AC
13.0	417.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 402. to 568. K.; AC
13.5	498.	I	Mortimer and Murphy, 1923	Based on data from 423. to 573. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
434. to 573.6	5.24532	3011.076	3.857	Mortimer and Murphy, 1923	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
20.3	383.	GS	Nass, Lenoir, et al., 1995	Based on data from 313. to 453. K.; AC
20.3 ± 0.1	343.	GS	Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994	Based on data from 323. to 363. K.; AC
20.8 ± 0.24	318.	PG	Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988	Based on data from 318. to 333. K.; AC
18.9	363.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 348. to 388. K.; AC
22.0	320.	T	Hansen and Eckert, 1986	Based on data from 298. to 343. K.; AC
19.9	328.	GS	SATO, INOMATA, et al., 1986	Based on data from 308. to 347. K.; AC
21.1 ± 0.1	303.	GS	Sonnefeld, Zoller, et al., 1983	Based on data from 283. to 323. K.; AC
19.9 ± 0.31	350. to 388.	N/A	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977	See also Osborn and Douslin, 1975, 2.; AC
19.6	388.	B	Osborn and Douslin, 1975, 2	AC
19.2 ± 0.2	293.	TE	Budurov, 1960	Based on data from 286. to 300. K.; AC
19.8	306. to 322.	N/A	Bradley and Cleasby, 1953	See also Jones, 1960.; AC
19.8	315.	N/A	Bradley and Cleasby, 1953, 2	Based on data from 306. to 323. K. See also Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987.; AC
19.800	306.30	V	Bradley and Cleasby, 1953, 3	ALS

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.57	387.7	DSC	Lisicki and Jamróz, 2000	AC
4.680	387.9	N/A	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	AC
4.7490	387.0	N/A	Eibert, 1944	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
12.3	387.0	Eibert, 1944	DH

Temperature of phase transition

T_trs (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
288.	crystaline, II	crystaline, I	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977	Second order transition.; DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔH_trs (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
4.67930	387.94	crystaline, I	liquid	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977	DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔS_trs (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
12.06	387.94	crystaline, I	liquid	Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₁₃H₉^- + = Fluorene

By formula: C₁₃H₉^- + H⁺ = C₁₃H₁₀

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	350.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	D-EA	Römer, Janaway, et al., 1997	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	351.7 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Taft and Bordwell, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	353.3 ± 2.6	kcal/mol	G+TS	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	342.7 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Römer, Janaway, et al., 1997	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	344.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Taft and Bordwell, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	345.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₈⁺ + Fluorene = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₈⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	307.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₂H₈⁺ + Fluorene = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₂H₈⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	283.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₃H₁₀⁺ + Fluorene = (C₁₃H₁₀⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₃H₁₀⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₃H₁₀⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	331.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₃H₁₁⁺ + Fluorene = (C₁₃H₁₁⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₃H₁₁⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₃H₁₁⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

3 + Fluorene =

By formula: 3H₂ + C₁₃H₁₀ = C₁₃H₁₆

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-42.	kcal/mol	Eqk	Frye and Weitkamp, 1969	gas phase; ALS

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby

solid; Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR; 0.96450084 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

gas; HP-GC/MS/IRD

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Notes

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994
Rakus, K.; Verevkin, S.P.; Schatzer, J.; Beckhaus, H.-D.; Ruchardt, C., Thermochemistry and thermal decomposition of 9,9'-bifluorenyl and 9,9'-dimethyl-9,9'-bifluorenyl - the stabilization energy of 9-fluorenyl radicals, Chem. Ber., 1994, 127, 1095-1103. [all data]

Sabbah, 1991
Sabbah, R., Thermodynamic study of fluorene and dibenzofuran, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1991, 128, 350. [all data]

Sabbah and Antipine, 1987
Sabbah, R.; Antipine, I., Thermodynamic study on four polycycles. Relationship between their energy values and their structure, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1987, 392-400. [all data]

Dorofeeva O.V., 1989
Dorofeeva O.V., Thermodynamic Properties of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Containing Five-Membered Rings. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-263 (in Russian), Moscow, 1989. [all data]

Frenkel M., 1994
Frenkel M., Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. I, II, Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, Texas, 1994, 1994. [all data]

Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977
Finke, H.L.; Messerly, J.F.; Lee, S.H.; Osborn, A.G.; Douslin, D.R., Comprehensive thermodynamic studies of seven aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1977, 9, 937-956. [all data]

Eibert, 1944
Eibert, J., Thesis Washington University (St. Louis), 1944. [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Lecat, 1943
Lecat, M., Azeotropes of Ethyl Urethane and other Azeotropes, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 1943, 217, 273. [all data]

Finke, Messerly, et al., 1977, 2
Finke, H.L.; Messerly, J.F.; Lee, S.H.; Osborn, A.G.; Douslin, D.R., Comprehensive thermodynamic studies of seven aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1977, 9, 937. [all data]

Osborn and Douslin, 1975
Osborn, A.G.; Douslin, D.R., Vapor Pressure and Derived Enthalpies of Vaporization for Some Condensed Ring Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1975, 20, 229-31. [all data]

Hanshaw, Nutt, et al., 2008
Hanshaw, William; Nutt, Marjorie; Chickos, James S., Hypothetical Thermodynamic Properties. Subcooled Vaporization Enthalpies and Vapor Pressures of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2008, 53, 8, 1903-1913, https://doi.org/10.1021/je800300x . [all data]

Haftka, Parsons, et al., 2006
Haftka, Joris J.H.; Parsons, John R.; Govers, Harrie A.J., Supercooled liquid vapour pressures and related thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined by gas chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 2006, 1135, 1, 91-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.050 . [all data]

Chickos, Hesse, et al., 1998
Chickos, James; Hesse, Donald; Hosseini, Sarah; Nichols, Gary; Webb, Paul, Sublimation enthalpies at 298.15K using correlation gas chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, Thermochimica Acta, 1998, 313, 2, 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(97)00432-2 . [all data]

Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995
Chickos, James S.; Hosseini, Sarah; Hesse, Donald G., Determination of vaporization enthalpies of simple organic molecules by correlations of changes in gas chromatographic net retention times, Thermochimica Acta, 1995, 249, 41-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)90670-3 . [all data]

Lei, Chankalal, et al., 2002
Lei, Ying Duan; Chankalal, Raymond; Chan, Anita; Wania, Frank, Supercooled Liquid Vapor Pressures of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 4, 801-806, https://doi.org/10.1021/je0155148 . [all data]

Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988
Sasse, Karim; Jose, Jacques; Merlin, Jean-Claude, A static apparatus for measurement of low vapor pressures. Experimental results on high molecular-weight hydrocarbons, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1988, 42, 287-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(88)80065-7 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Mortimer and Murphy, 1923
Mortimer, F. Spencer.; Murphy, Ray v., The Vapor Pressures of Some Substances Found in Coal Tar., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1923, 15, 11, 1140-1142, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50167a012 . [all data]

Nass, Lenoir, et al., 1995
Nass, Karen; Lenoir, Dieter; Kettrup, Antonius, Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Incremental Procedure, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 16, 1735-1736, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199517351 . [all data]

Hansen and Eckert, 1986
Hansen, Philip C.; Eckert, Charles A., An improved transpiration method for the measurement of very low vapor pressures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1986, 31, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00043a001 . [all data]

SATO, INOMATA, et al., 1986
SATO, NOBUYUKI; INOMATA, HIROSHI; ARAI, KUNIO; SAITO, SHOZABURO, Measurement of vapor pressures for coal-related aromatic compounds by gas saturation method., J. Chem. Eng. Japan / JCEJ, 1986, 19, 2, 145-147, https://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.19.145 . [all data]

Sonnefeld, Zoller, et al., 1983
Sonnefeld, W.J.; Zoller, W.H.; May, W.E., Dynamic coupled-column liquid-chromatographic determination of ambient-temperature vapor pressures of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1983, 55, 2, 275-280, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00253a022 . [all data]

Osborn and Douslin, 1975, 2
Osborn, Ann G.; Douslin, Donald R., Vapor pressures and derived enthalpies of vaporization for some condensed-ring hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1975, 20, 3, 229-231, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60066a022 . [all data]

Budurov, 1960
Budurov, S., Izv. Khim. Inst. Bulg. Akad. Nauk, 1960, 7, 281. [all data]

Bradley and Cleasby, 1953
Bradley, R.S.; Cleasby, T.G., 346. The vapour pressure and lattice energy of hydrogen-bonded crystals. Part I. Oxamide, oxamic acid, and rubeanic acid, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1681, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9530001681 . [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Bradley and Cleasby, 1953, 2
Bradley, R.S.; Cleasby, T.G., 349. The vapour pressure and lattice energy of some aromatic ring compounds, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1690, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9530001690 . [all data]

Bradley and Cleasby, 1953, 3
Bradley, R.S.; Cleasby, T.G., The vapour pressure and lattice energy of some aromatic ring compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1690-16. [all data]

Lisicki and Jamróz, 2000
Lisicki, Zygmunt; Jamróz, Malgorzata E., (Solid + liquid) equilibria in (polynuclear aromatic+ tertiary amide) systems, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2000, 32, 10, 1335-1353, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.2000.0685 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Römer, Janaway, et al., 1997
Römer, B.; Janaway, G.; Brauman, J.I., Cyclopentadienyl, Indenyl, and Fluorenyl Anions: Gas-Phase and Solvation Energy Contributions to Electron Detachment Energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 9, 2249, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961947x . [all data]

Taft and Bordwell, 1988
Taft, R.W.; Bordwell, F.G., Structural and Solvent Effects Evaluated from Acidities Measured in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and in the Gas Phase, Acc. Chem. Res., 1988, 21, 12, 463, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a005 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Dimer Cations of Polycyclic Aromatics: Experimental Bonding Energies and Resonance Stabilization, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 21, 2724, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100458a012 . [all data]

Frye and Weitkamp, 1969
Frye, C.G.; Weitkamp, A.W., Equilibrium hydrogenations of multi-ring aromatics, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 372-376. [all data]

Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
S°_{solid,1 bar}	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
T_trs	Temperature of phase transition
ΔH_trs	Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔS_trs	Entropy of phase transition
Δ_cH°_solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_subH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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