α-Pinene
- Formula: C10H16
- Molecular weight: 136.2340
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-6-9(7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 80-56-8
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Stereoisomers:
- Other names: Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6,6-trimethyl-; 2-Pinene; 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene; Pinene, α; 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)-2-hept-2-ene; 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]-2-heptene; Acintene A; 4,6,6-Trimethylbicyklo(3,1,1)hept-3-en; UN 2368; alpha-Pinene; PC 500; Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6,6-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)-; Sylvapine A; (.+/-.)-α-Pinene; NSC 7727; Pinene; (+)-α-pinene; 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3,1,1]-heptene (α-pinene); α-Pinene [1R-(+), 1S-(-) ]; 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-[3,1,1]-2-heptene (α-pinene); pin-2(3)-ene
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Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Stabilwax | BP-20 | HP-FFAP | HP-Wax | DB-Wax |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 50. | 30. |
| Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | He | He | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.32 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Tstart (C) | 50. | 60. | 70. | 60. | 40. |
| Tend (C) | 220. | 220. | 210. | 230. | 220. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 5. | 3. | 4. | 3. |
| Initial hold (min) | 3. | 10. | 5. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 15. | 14. | 30. | ||
| I | 1026. | 1032. | 1045. | 1031. | 1015. |
| Reference | Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006 | Khan, Verma, et al., 2006 | Radusiene, Judzentiene, et al., 2005 | Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004 | Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Innowax | Innowax | Supelcowax-10 | Carbowax 20M | Carbowax 20M |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 50. | 50. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | He | ||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Tstart (C) | 40. | 50. | 75. | 60. | 60. |
| Tend (C) | 190. | 250. | 230. | 260. | 260. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 5. | 0.5 | 3. | 2. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 5. | ||||
| Final hold (min) | 5. | 10. | |||
| I | 1036. | 1012. | 1029. | 1023. | 1039. |
| Reference | Mahmood, Kaul, et al., 2004 | Viña and Murillo, 2003 | Tzakou and Couladis, 2001 | Vera and Chane-Ming, 1999 | Vera and Chane-Ming, 1999 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Carbowax 20M | Carbowax 20M | Supelcowax-10 | Supelcowax-10 | Supelcowax-10 |
| Column length (m) | 25. | 25. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
| Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | |||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.5 | |||
| Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 60. | 40. | 40. | 40. |
| Tend (C) | 200. | 200. | 210. | 210. | 210. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 5. | 5. | 2. | 2. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | 2. | 2. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 120. | 120. | 120. | ||
| I | 1017. | 1029. | 1021. | 1012. | 1014. |
| Reference | Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998 | Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998 | Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995 | Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995 | Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | DB-Wax | Supelcowax-10 | Supelcowax-20M | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 60. | 23. | 60. | 60. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | H2 | ||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.30 | ||||
| Tstart (C) | 40. | 35. | 50. | 40. | 40. |
| Tend (C) | 200. | 200. | 200. | 220. | 220. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 3. | 3. | 2. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | 5. | 1. | 10. | 10. |
| Final hold (min) | 20. | ||||
| I | 1020. | 1030. | 1018. | 1013. | 1011. |
| Reference | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1994 | Wong and Tie, 1993 | Bicchi, Frattini, et al., 1988 | Umano and Shibamoto, 1988 | Umano and Shibamoto, 1988 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Carbowax 20M | BP-20 | Carbowax 20M | Carbowax 20M | Carbowax 20M |
| Column length (m) | 50. | 25. | 50. | 100. | 100. |
| Carrier gas | He | H2 | |||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.3 | 0.332 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.15 | ||||
| Tstart (C) | 70. | 70. | 70. | 80. | 80. |
| Tend (C) | 210. | 200. | 210. | 200. | 200. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 4. | 2. | 3. | 3. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | ||||
| Final hold (min) | |||||
| I | 1000. | 1032. | 1038. | 1031. | 1031. |
| Reference | Randriamiharisoa and Gaydou, 1987 | Wyllie, Cook, et al., 1987 | Gaydou, Randriamiharisoa, et al., 1986 | Bernhard, Shibamoto, et al., 1983 | Bernhard, Shibamoto, et al., 1983 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary |
|---|---|
| Active phase | Carbowax 20M |
| Column length (m) | 50. |
| Carrier gas | He |
| Substrate | |
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.28 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | |
| Tstart (C) | 70. |
| Tend (C) | 190. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | |
| Final hold (min) | |
| I | 1040. |
| Reference | Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006
Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Faleiro, M.L.; Miguel, M.G.,
Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus and Origanum Species from Algeria and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 17, 6314-6321, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0606104
. [all data]
Khan, Verma, et al., 2006
Khan, M.; Verma, S.C.; Srivastava, S.K.; Shawl, A.S.; Syamsundar, K.V.; Khanuja, S.P.S.; Kumar, T.,
Essential oil composition of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. from the Northern Himalayan region of India,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 772-775, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1682
. [all data]
Radusiene, Judzentiene, et al., 2005
Radusiene, J.; Judzentiene, A.; Bernotiene, G.,
Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum L. growing in Lithuania,
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 2, 113-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.010
. [all data]
Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004
Gauvin, A.; Lecomte, H.; Smadja, J.,
Comparative investigations of the essential oils of two scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) cultivars grown on Reunion Island,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 5, 455-460, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1354
. [all data]
Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004
Lopes, D.; Strobl, H.; Kolodziejczyk, P.,
14-Methylpentadecano-15-lactone (Muscolide): a new macrocyclic lactone from the oil of Angelica archangelica L.,
Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2004, 1, 12, 1880-1887, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490144
. [all data]
Mahmood, Kaul, et al., 2004
Mahmood, U.; Kaul, V.K.; Acharya, R.,
Volatile constituents of Capillipedium parviflorum,
Phytochemistry, 2004, 65, 14, 2163-2166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.003
. [all data]
Viña and Murillo, 2003
Viña, A.; Murillo, E.,
Essential oil composition from twelve varieties of basil (Ocimum spp) grown in Columbia,
J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2003, 14, 5, 744-749, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532003000500008
. [all data]
Tzakou and Couladis, 2001
Tzakou, O.; Couladis, M.,
The essential oil of Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham et Reichenb. growing in Greece,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 2, 107-109, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.955
. [all data]
Vera and Chane-Ming, 1999
Vera, R.R.; Chane-Ming, J.,
Chemical composition of the essential oil of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) from Reunion Island,
Food Chem., 1999, 66, 2, 143-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00018-1
. [all data]
Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998
Kulkarni, R.N.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Baskaran, K.; Ramesch, S.; Kumar, S.,
Composition of the essential oils of two isomenthone-rich variants of geranium (Pelargonium sp.),
Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 6, 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199811/12)13:6<389::AID-FFJ757>3.0.CO;2-2
. [all data]
Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998
Mallavarapu, G.R.; Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Ramesh, S.; Bhattacharya, A.K.,
Volatile constituents of the essential oils of the seeds and the herb of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.),
Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<167::AID-FFJ719>3.0.CO;2-B
. [all data]
Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995
Loayza, I.; Abujder, D.; Aranda, R.; Jakupovic, J.; Collin, G.; Deslauriers, H.; Jean, F.-I.,
Essential oils of Baccharis salicifolia, B. latifolia and B. dracunculifolia,
Phytochemistry, 1995, 38, 2, 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00628-7
. [all data]
Umano, Hagi, et al., 1994
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Tamura, T.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T.,
Identification of volatile compounds isolated from round kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 9, 1888-1890, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00045a011
. [all data]
Wong and Tie, 1993
Wong, K.C.; Tie, D.Y.,
The Essential Oil of the Leaves of Murraya koenigii Spreng.,
J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 4, 371-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698245
. [all data]
Bicchi, Frattini, et al., 1988
Bicchi, C.; Frattini, C.; Nano, G.M.; D'Amato, A.,
On column injection-dual channel analysis of essential oils,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1988, 11, 1, 56-60, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110115
. [all data]
Umano and Shibamoto, 1988
Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T.,
A new method of headspace sampling: grapefruit volatiles
in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 981-998. [all data]
Randriamiharisoa and Gaydou, 1987
Randriamiharisoa, R.P.; Gaydou, E.M.,
Composition of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) essential oil from Madagascar,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 1, 62-66, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a015
. [all data]
Wyllie, Cook, et al., 1987
Wyllie, S.G.; Cook, D.; Brophy, J.J.; Richter, K.M.,
Volatile flavor components of Annona atemoya (custard apple),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 5, 768-770, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00077a029
. [all data]
Gaydou, Randriamiharisoa, et al., 1986
Gaydou, E.M.; Randriamiharisoa, R.; Bianchini, J.-P.,
Composition of the essential oil of ylang-ylang (Canaga odorata Hook Fil. et Thomson forma genuina) from Madagascar,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1986, 34, 3, 481-487, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a028
. [all data]
Bernhard, Shibamoto, et al., 1983
Bernhard, R.A.; Shibamoto, T.; Yamaguchi, K.; White, E.,
The volatile constituents of Schinus molle L.,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 2, 463-466, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00116a075
. [all data]
Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H.,
Studies of the volatile composition of hops during storage,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1426-1430, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a036
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Tend Final temperature Tstart Initial temperature - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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