Acetic acid, methyl ester

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C3H7O2+ + Acetic acid, methyl ester = (C3H7O2+ • Acetic acid, methyl ester)

By formula: C3H7O2+ + C3H6O2 = (C3H7O2+ • C3H6O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr122.kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1991gas phase; M
Δr124.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr141.J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1991gas phase; M
Δr129.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr85.8kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C3H5O2- + Hydrogen cation = Acetic acid, methyl ester

By formula: C3H5O2- + H+ = C3H6O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1556. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1556. ± 15.kJ/molD-EAZimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977gas phase; B
Δr1573. ± 15.kJ/molEIAEPariat and Allan, 1991gas phase; From CH3CO2Me; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1528. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

C3H9Sn+ + Acetic acid, methyl ester = (C3H9Sn+ • Acetic acid, methyl ester)

By formula: C3H9Sn+ + C3H6O2 = (C3H9Sn+ • C3H6O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr161.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Splinter, 1984gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr136.J/mol*KN/AStone and Splinter, 1984gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
89.1525.PHPMSStone and Splinter, 1984gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Ethane, 1,1,1-trimethoxy- + Water = 2Methyl Alcohol + Acetic acid, methyl ester

By formula: C5H12O3 + H2O = 2CH4O + C3H6O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-26.89 ± 0.03kJ/molCmWiberg, Martin, et al., 1985liquid phase; solvent: Aqueous dioxane; ALS
Δr-27.046 ± 0.030kJ/molCmWiberg and Squires, 1979liquid phase; solvent: Water; Hydrolysis; ALS

CH6N+ + Acetic acid, methyl ester = (CH6N+ • Acetic acid, methyl ester)

By formula: CH6N+ + C3H6O2 = (CH6N+ • C3H6O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr98.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner, 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr104.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner, 1984gas phase; M

Nitric oxide anion + Acetic acid, methyl ester = (Nitric oxide anion • Acetic acid, methyl ester)

By formula: NO- + C3H6O2 = (NO- • C3H6O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr167.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Lithium ion (1+) + Acetic acid, methyl ester = (Lithium ion (1+) • Acetic acid, methyl ester)

By formula: Li+ + C3H6O2 = (Li+ • C3H6O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr180.kJ/molICRStaley and Beauchamp, 1975gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

Sodium ion (1+) + Acetic acid, methyl ester = (Sodium ion (1+) • Acetic acid, methyl ester)

By formula: Na+ + C3H6O2 = (Na+ • C3H6O2)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
97.5298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

Water + Acetic acid, methyl ester = Acetic acid + Methyl Alcohol

By formula: H2O + C3H6O2 = C2H4O2 + CH4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.39kJ/molCmCoon and Daniels, 1933liquid phase; solvent: in HCl; ALS

Ketene + Methyl Alcohol = Acetic acid, methyl ester

By formula: C2H2O + CH4O = C3H6O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-154.5kJ/molCmRice and Greenberg, 1934gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C3H6O2+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.25 ± 0.02eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)821.6kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity790.7kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.2PECannington and Ham, 1985LBLHLM
10.25PITraeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982LBLHLM
10.25 ± 0.05PEBenoit, Harrison, et al., 1977LLK
10.33PESweigart and Turner, 1972LLK
10.27 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
10.5PECannington and Ham, 1985Vertical value; LBLHLM
10.25PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
11.0PERao, 1975Vertical value; LLK
10.59PESustmann and Trill, 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CHO+13.95 ± 0.08?EIBrion and Dunning, 1963RDSH
CH2+20.8?EIKing and Long, 1958RDSH
CH3+13.07 ± 0.10?EIBrion and Dunning, 1963RDSH
CH3O+12.52 ± 0.10?EIBrion and Dunning, 1963RDSH
C2H2O+11.81 ± 0.15?EIFriedland and Strakna, 1956RDSH
C2H3O+11.05CH3OPITraeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982LBLHLM
C2H3O+10.9 ± 0.1CH3OEIBurgers and Holmes, 1982LBLHLM
C2H3O+10.94?EIHolmes and Lossing, 1979LLK
C2H3O+11.37 ± 0.05CH3OEIHaney and Franklin, 1969RDSH
C2H3O2+11.32 ± 0.05CH3EIBlanchette, Holmes, et al., 1986LBLHLM
C2H3O2+12.35 ± 0.03CH3EIBriggs and Shannon, 1969RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C3H5O2- + Hydrogen cation = Acetic acid, methyl ester

By formula: C3H5O2- + H+ = C3H6O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1556. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1556. ± 15.kJ/molD-EAZimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977gas phase; B
Δr1573. ± 15.kJ/molEIAEPariat and Allan, 1991gas phase; From CH3CO2Me; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1528. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998.
NIST MS number 291292

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Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   Cs     Symmetry Number σ = 1


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a' 1 CH3(O) d-str 3035  D 3035 M gas 3028 liq.
a' 2 CH3(C) d-str 3031  E SF2 )of 3OCD3
a' 3 CH3(O) s-str 2966  D 2966 S gas 2954 p liq.
a' 4 CH3(C) s-str 2964  E 2942 p liq. SF4 )of 3OCD3
a' 5 C=O str 1771  C 1771 VS gas 1738 p liq.
a' 6 CH3(O) d-deform 1460  E 1460 W sh solid solid OV20)
a' 7 CH3(O) s-deform 1440  D 1440 M gas
a' 8 CH3(C) d-deform 1430  E SF8 )of 3OCD3
a' 9 CH3(C) s-deform 1375  D 1375 S gas 1372 p liq.
a' 10 C-O str 1248  C 1248 VS gas 1254 liq.
a' 11 CH3(O) rock 1159  E 1159 VW liq.
a' 12 O-CH3 str 1060  C 1060 S gas 1044 liq.
a' 13 CH3(C) rock 980  C 980 W gas 980 p liq.
a' 14 CC str 844  C 844 M gas 844 p liq.
a' 15 C=O ip-bend 639  C 639 M gas 640 p liq.
a' 16 CCO deform 429  C 429 M gas 433 p liq.
a 17 COC deform 303  D 303 M gas 303 p liq.
a 18 CH3(O) d-str 3005  D 3005 M gas 3002 liq.
a 19 CH3(C) d-str 2994  D 2994 W gas
a 20 CH3(O) d-deform 1460  E 1460 W sh solid solid 1449 dp liq. OV6)
a 21 CH3(C) d-deform 1430  E 1430 W gas
a 22 CH3(O) rock 1187  D 1187 W gas 1187 liq.
a 23 CH3(C) rock 1036  E 1036 W sln.
a 24 C=O op-bend 607  D 607 M gas 610 dp liq.
a 25 C-O torsion 187  D 187 W gas
a 26 C-C torsion 136  E 136 VW liq.
a 27 O-CH3 torsion 110  E 110 VW liq.

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
WWeak
VWVery weak
shShoulder
pPolarized
dpDepolarized
OCFrequency estimated from an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
SFCalculation shows that the frequency approximately equals that of the vibration indicated in the parentheses.
OVOverlapped by band indicated in parentheses.
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty
E15~30 cm-1 uncertainty

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-180.501.15Mijin and Antonovic, 200630. m/0.256 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryDB-580.522.17Mijin and Antonovic, 200660. m/0.321 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-10.520.6Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-110.521.Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-120.526.2Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-130.521.3Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-140.515.7Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-150.513.8Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-160.511.5Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySE-54110.529.7Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54130.525.7Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54150.523.7Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54110.530.Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54130.525.7Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54150.522.4Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-30100.505.Tarjan, Nyiredy, et al., 1989 
CapillarySE-3080.505.Tarjan, Nyiredy, et al., 1989 
CapillarySE-30100.505.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-3060.509.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-3080.505.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillaryApiezon L + KF70.529.Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 198630. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm
CapillarySE-30100.560.Haken, Madden, et al., 1983Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryOV-10180.525.9Komárek, Hornová, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
PackedSE-30150.509.Haken, Ho, et al., 1975Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-30150.509.Ashes and Haken, 1974Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-30100.505.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30150.506.Germaine and Haken, 1969Celite 560; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-3080.510.Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54531.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30509.Chretien and Dubois, 1978Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-351100.844.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351120.877.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-35160.823.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-35180.839.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M75.850.Goebel, 1982N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.836.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-20832.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax810.Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax827.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax828.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
PackedCarbowax 20M798.Kevei and Kozma, 1976Chromosorb; Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5522.Bylaite and Meyer, 200630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS531.Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH517.2Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5526.3Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB506.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
CapillarySPB-1511.Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB511.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryOV-101521.3Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 199750. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 8. K/min; Tstart: 140. C
CapillarySE-30516.7Grigor'eva, Golovnya, et al., 199725. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 8. K/min; Tstart: 140. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBPX-5536.Dharmawan, Kasapis, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 4C/min => 200C => 30C/min => 300C (3min)
CapillaryHP-5515.Boué, Shih, et al., 200350. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 10C/min => 60C =3C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillaryDB-5559.Beaulieu and Grimm, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C (1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax839.Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB826.Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax864.Varming, Petersen, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 25. min
CapillaryCarbowax832.8Censullo, Jones, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryHP-Wax801.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryFFAP834.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-Wax825.Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax829.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax827.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M817.Chen, Kuo, et al., 1982He, 50. C @ 10. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 160. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10825.Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10828.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10825.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane105.512.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane75.513.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane90.513.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone100.510.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.511.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone140.507.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.512.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryDB-160.515.Shimadzu, 2003, 260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedSE-3070.524.Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5515.3Leffingwell and Alford, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
CapillaryMDN-5525.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillaryBP-1511.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-5515.Shimoda, Shibamoto, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1513.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101519.del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySP 2100509.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5531.Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/1.00 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
CapillaryHP-5528.Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
CapillarySqualane509.Chen, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone509.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryVB-5525.Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 4C/min => 175C => 10C/min => 260C
CapillarySE-30509.Liu, Liang, et al., 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5559.Beaulieu, 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C => 5C/min => 100C => 15C/min => 250C (19C)
CapillaryDB-5523.Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 200450. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillarySE-30513.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone509.N/AProgram: not specified
CapillaryDB-5530.Dittmann and Nitz, 2000Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1512.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes510.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1507.Schuberth, 199430. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 10C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C
CapillarySPB-1512.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1513.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB524.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillaryDB-1508.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1508.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillarySF96+Igepal519.Flath, Altieri, et al., 1984Column length: 152. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Program: 25C(1min) => 5C/min => 50C (4min) => 1.25C/min => 180C
CapillaryOV-1513.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax60.848.Shimadzu, 2003, 250. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedCarbowax 20M100.818.Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977 

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryZB-Wax843.Marin, Pozrl, et al., 200860. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryTR-WAX828.Tena N., Lazzez A., et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax813.Rizzolo, Cambiaghi, et al., 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax832.Chida, Sone, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10828.Vichi, Castellote, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10826.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-Wax782.Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax856.Umano, Hagi, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax822.Duque, Bonilla, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 25. C
CapillaryHP-Wax782.Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryHP-Wax782.Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax825.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax827.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M837.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 31. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M845.Lee, Chong, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillarySOLGel-Wax825.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillarySOLGel-Wax825.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillarySOLGel-Wax828.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax784.Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax834.Xiao, Dai, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
CapillaryFFAP854.Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 10826.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax827.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax813.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryFFAP834.Lopez, Villatoro, et al., 200750. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax804.Viegas and Bassoli, 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax834.Viegas and Bassoli, 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryFFAP834.Echeverría, Correa, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M813.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-FFAP834.Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 200350. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP841.Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 200050. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C(2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
CapillaryCross-linked FFAP841.Lavilla, Puy, et al., 199950. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.827.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M796.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Szulejko and McMahon, 1991
Szulejko, J.E.; McMahon, T.B., A Pulsed Electron Beam, Variable Temperature, High Pressure Mass Spectrometric Reevaluation of the Proton Affinity Difference Between 2-Methylpropene and Ammonia, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1991, 109, 279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(91)85109-Y . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1982
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016 . [all data]

Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D., Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Zimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977
Zimmerman, A.H.; Reed, K.J.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from enolate anions. Gas phase electron affinities of enolate radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 7203. [all data]

Pariat and Allan, 1991
Pariat, Y.; Allan, M., Dissociative Attachment to Methyl Acetate: Evidence for Ion/Molecule Complexes as Intermediates, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1991, 103, 2-3, 181, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(91)80088-5 . [all data]

Stone and Splinter, 1984
Stone, J.A.; Splinter, D.E., A high-pressure mass spectrometric study of the binding of (CH3)3Sn+ to lewis bases in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 59, 169. [all data]

Wiberg, Martin, et al., 1985
Wiberg, K.B.; Martin, E.J.; Squires, R.R., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 3. Enthalpies of hydrolysis of ortho esters, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 4717-4720. [all data]

Wiberg and Squires, 1979
Wiberg, K.B.; Squires, R.R., A microprocessor-controlled system for precise measurement of temperature changes. Determination of the enthalpies of hydrolysis of some polyoxygenated hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1979, 11, 773-786. [all data]

Meot-Ner, 1984
Meot-Ner, (Mautner)M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 1. -NH+ O-, -NH+ N- and -OH+ O- Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Deviations Due to Structural Effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1257, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a015 . [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

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Rice and Greenberg, 1934
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Hunter and Lias, 1998
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Cannington and Ham, 1985
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Traeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982
Traeger, J.C.; McLouglin, R.G.; Nicholson, A.J.C., Heat of formation for acetyl cation in the gas phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 5318. [all data]

Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.; Lossing, F.P., Hydrogen migrations in mass spectrometry III-Energetics of formation of [R'CO2H2]+ in the mass spectra of R'CO2R, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 78. [all data]

Sweigart and Turner, 1972
Sweigart, D.A.; Turner, D.W., Lone pair orbitals and their interactions studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5592. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Rao, 1975
Rao, C.N.R., Lone-pair ionization bands of chromophores in the photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, Indian J. Chem., 1975, 13, 950. [all data]

Sustmann and Trill, 1972
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Brion and Dunning, 1963
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King and Long, 1958
King, A.B.; Long, F.A., Mass spectra of some simple esters and their interpretation by quasi-equilibrium theory, J. Chem. Phys., 1958, 29, 374. [all data]

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Burgers and Holmes, 1982
Burgers, P.C.; Holmes, J.L., Metastable ion studies. XIII. The measurement of appearance energies of metastable peaks, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 123. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1979
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Blanchette, Holmes, et al., 1986
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Mijin and Antonovic, 2006
Mijin, D.; Antonovic, D.G., The temperature dependence of the retention index for n-alkyl esters of acetic, propionic, cyclohexanecarboxylic, benzoic and phenylacetic acid on DB-1 and DB-5 capillary columns, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2006, 71, 6, 629-637, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0606629M . [all data]

Wang, Liu, et al., 2005
Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, N.; Shi, G.; Jiang, G.; Ma, W., Preliminary study of the retention behavior for different compounds using cryogenic chromatography at different initial temperatures, Microchem. J., 2005, 81, 2, 184-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2005.02.003 . [all data]

Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989
Grigor'eva, D.N.; Vasil'ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1989, 44, 1, 68-73. [all data]

Tarjan, Nyiredy, et al., 1989
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Haken and Korhonen, 1986
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 356, 79-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91468-7 . [all data]

Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986
Svetlova, N.I.; Samusenko, A.L.; Golovnya, R.V., Advantage of the universal equation over the linear equation for the calculation of retention parameters of homologous series in capillary chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 12, 737-740, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240091205 . [all data]

Haken, Madden, et al., 1983
Haken, J.K.; Madden, B.G.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XX. Capillary column studies of alkyl acetates, chloroacetates, dichloroacetates and trichloroacetates, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 256, 221-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88235-2 . [all data]

Komárek, Hornová, et al., 1982
Komárek, K.; Hornová, L.; Churácek, J., Glass capillary gas chromatography of homologous series of esters. Separation of homologous series of esters of halogenated carboxylic acids on a glass capillary column with the non-polar stationary silicone phase OV-101, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 244, 1, 142-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80131-4 . [all data]

Haken, Ho, et al., 1975
Haken, J.K.; Ho, D.K.M.; Vaughan, C.E., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VII. The retention behaviour of pyruvate esters and related carbonyl and carboxyl compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1975, 106, 2, 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)93839-1 . [all data]

Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5 . [all data]

Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970
Zarazir, D.; Chovin, P.; Guiochon, G., Identification of hydroxylic compounds and their derivatives by gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 1970, 3, 4, 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269018 . [all data]

Germaine and Haken, 1969
Germaine, R.W.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. Part 1. Simple aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1969, 43, 33-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99162-3 . [all data]

Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965
Viani, R.; Müggler-Chavan, F.; Reymond, D.; Egli, R.H., 196. Sur la composition de l'arôme de café, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 195-196, 1809-1815, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480743 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1978
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J-E., Topological Analysis: A Technique for the Physico-Chemical Exploitation of Retention Data in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 158, 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89954-9 . [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
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Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References