Butane, 2-methyl-
- Formula: C5H12
- Molecular weight: 72.1488
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 78-78-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5) - Other names: iso-Pentane; 1,1,2-Trimethylethane; 2-Methylbutane; iso-C5H12; Ethyldimethylmethane; Isoamylhydride; Exxsol isopentane S; 1,1-Dimethylpropane; Methylbutane; NSC 119476
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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | CP Sil 2 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 |
Column length (m) | 100. | ||||
Carrier gas | |||||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | ||||
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | ||||
Temperature (C) | 100. | 60. | 40. | 60. | 80. |
I | 475. | 474.2 | 469. | 470. | 470. |
Reference | Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999 | Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995 | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | Laub and Purnell, 1988 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | OV-1 | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 50. | 50. | 50. | 150. | 100. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | ||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 50. | 70. | 50. | 20. | 50. |
I | 475.8 | 475.4 | 474.9 | 468. | 474.9 |
Reference | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988 | Nijs and Jacobs, 1981 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 100. | 100. | 100. | 120. | |
Carrier gas | He | ||||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 70. | 50. | 70. | 60. | 100. |
I | 474.5 | 475.4 | 475. | 475. | 475.6 |
Reference | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2 | Chretien and Dubois, 1976 | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) |
Column length (m) | 100. | 100. | 100. | ||
Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | |||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 50. | 70. | 27. | 35. | 45. |
I | 475. | 476. | 474.37 | 470. | 470. |
Reference | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973 | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Packed | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 3.0 | 91.4 | |||
Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | |||
Substrate | Embacel | ||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | ||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 50. | 58. | 68. | 100. | 40. |
I | 471. | 471. | 472. | 477. | 476. |
Reference | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | Matukuma, 1969 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 15. | 15. | 15. | 15. | 10. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | H2 |
Substrate | Chromosorb P | Chromosorb P | Chromosorb P | Chromosorb P | |
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 27. | 49. | 67. | 86. | 30. |
I | 474. | 475. | 476. | 476. | 474. |
Reference | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | Tourres, 1967 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 10. | 100. | 100. | 100. | 7.9 |
Carrier gas | H2 | H2 | H2 | H2 | |
Substrate | Diatoport S | ||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 50. | 30. | 50. | 70. | 70. |
I | 474. | 474. | 474. | 474. | 478. |
Reference | Tourres, 1967 | Tourres, 1967, 2 | Tourres, 1967, 2 | Tourres, 1967, 2 | Widmer, 1967 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
Carrier gas | |||||
Substrate | Untreated celite | Untreated celite | Untreated celite | Untreated celite | Untreated celite |
Column diameter (mm) | |||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 100. | 22. | 30. | 40. | 55. |
I | 477. | 474. | 474. | 475. | 473. |
Reference | Evans, 1966 | Evans, 1966 | Evans, 1966 | Evans, 1966 | Evans, 1966 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 10. |
Carrier gas | ||||
Substrate | Untreated celite | Untreated celite | Untreated celite | |
Column diameter (mm) | ||||
Phase thickness (μm) | ||||
Temperature (C) | 60. | 70. | 80. | 26. |
I | 475. | 474. | 476. | 476. |
Reference | Evans, 1966 | Evans, 1966 | Evans, 1966 | Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999
Heinzen, V.E.F.; Soares, M.F.; Yunes, R.A.,
Semi-empirical topological method for the prediction of the chromatographic retention of cis- and trans-alkene isomers and alkanes,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 849, 2, 495-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00530-0
. [all data]
Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995
Estel, D.; Mohnke; Biermans; Rotzsche,
The analysis of C4-C11 hydrocarbons in naphtha and reformate with a new apolar fused silica column,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 7, 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180703
. [all data]
Laub and Purnell, 1988
Laub, R.J.; Purnell, J.H.,
Specific retention volumes, retention indices, and family-plot regressions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solutes with OV-101 poly (dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1988, 11, 9, 649-660, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110908
. [all data]
Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L.,
Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]
Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988
Papazova, D.; Milina, R.; Dimov, N.,
Comparative evaluation of retention of hydrocarbons present in the C5-petroleum fraction of methylsilicone and squalane phases,
Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 3, 177-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02316441
. [all data]
Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A.,
On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40
. [all data]
Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A.,
Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 2. Pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360070a012
. [all data]
Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A.,
Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 1. Pyrolysis of heptane,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 1, 30-37, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360069a007
. [all data]
Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E.,
New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1
. [all data]
Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N.,
Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines
in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]
Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A.,
High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons,
Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819
. [all data]
Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973
Schomburg, G.; Dielmann, G.,
Identification by means of retention parameters,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1973, 11, 3, 151-159, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/11.3.151
. [all data]
Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P.,
Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography
in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]
Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L.,
A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices,
J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80001-8
. [all data]
Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A.,
Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data,
Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]
Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E.,
Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203
. [all data]
Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A.,
Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35
. [all data]
Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A.,
Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères,
J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0
. [all data]
Widmer, 1967
Widmer, H.,
Gas chromatographic identification of hydrocarbons using retention indices,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 10, 506-510, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.10.506
. [all data]
Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B.,
Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1
. [all data]
Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G.,
Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal, References
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