Germane


Phase change data

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Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
110. - 184.34.10589736.692-4.665Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

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Individual Reactions

H3Ge- + Hydrogen cation = Germane

By formula: H3Ge- + H+ = H4Ge

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1501. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1502. ± 5.4kJ/molG+TSDecouzon, Gal, et al., 1993gas phase; The neutral acid ΔHf may be ca. 4 kcal/mol too positive: G2 calculations, Mayer, Gal, et al., 1997; B
Δr>1490. ± 11.kJ/molD-EAReed and Brauman, 1974gas phase; B
Δr1514.6kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; Fe(CO)-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1467. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1468. ± 5.0kJ/molIMREDecouzon, Gal, et al., 1993gas phase; The neutral acid ΔHf may be ca. 4 kcal/mol too positive: G2 calculations, Mayer, Gal, et al., 1997; B
Δr>1456. ± 12.kJ/molH-TSReed and Brauman, 1974gas phase; B
Δr1480.7kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; Fe(CO)-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B

Germane (g) = Hydrogen atom (g) + Germyl radical (g)

By formula: H4Ge (g) = H (g) + H3Ge (g)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr348.9 ± 8.4kJ/molPIMSBerkowitz, Ellison, et al., 1994Please also see Ruscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990. Value recommended in the critical survey Berkowitz, Ellison, et al., 1994.; MS
Δr<358.kJ/molPIMSRuscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990Temperature: 0 K. A value of 343. ± 8. kJ/mol is recommended in Ruscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990.; MS

Iodine atom (g) + Germane (g) = Hydrogen iodide (g) + Germyl radical (g)

By formula: I (g) + H4Ge (g) = HI (g) + H3Ge (g)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr47.0 ± 4.1kJ/molKinGNoble and Walsh, 1983MS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)713.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity687.1kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
≤10.53PIRuscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990LL
11.31PEPullen, Carlson, et al., 1970RDSH
11.34PEPotts and Price, 1972Vertical value; LLK
12.0PECradock, 1971Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
Ge+10.7 ± 0.22H2EISaalfeld and Svec, 1963RDSH
GeH+≤12.9H2+HPIRuscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990LL
GeH+11.3 ± 0.3H2+HEISaalfeld and Svec, 1963RDSH
GeH2+≤10.772 ± 0.009H2PIRuscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990LL
GeH2+11.8 ± 0.2H2EISaalfeld and Svec, 1963RDSH
GeH3+≤11.66 ± 0.01HPIRuscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990LL
GeH3+10.80 ± 0.07HEISaalfeld and Svec, 1963RDSH

De-protonation reactions

H3Ge- + Hydrogen cation = Germane

By formula: H3Ge- + H+ = H4Ge

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1501. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1502. ± 5.4kJ/molG+TSDecouzon, Gal, et al., 1993gas phase; The neutral acid ΔHf may be ca. 4 kcal/mol too positive: G2 calculations, Mayer, Gal, et al., 1997; B
Δr>1490. ± 11.kJ/molD-EAReed and Brauman, 1974gas phase; B
Δr1514.6kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; Fe(CO)-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1467. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1468. ± 5.0kJ/molIMREDecouzon, Gal, et al., 1993gas phase; The neutral acid ΔHf may be ca. 4 kcal/mol too positive: G2 calculations, Mayer, Gal, et al., 1997; B
Δr>1456. ± 12.kJ/molH-TSReed and Brauman, 1974gas phase; B
Δr1480.7kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; Fe(CO)-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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IR spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract
State gas

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   Td     Symmetry Number σ = 12


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a1 1 Sym str 2106  B  ia 2106 S p gas
e 2 Deg deform 931  D 930.9 ia gas 920 W gas observed through Coriolis interaction with ν4
f2 3 Deg str 2114  B 2113.6 gas 2106 W liq.
f2 4 Deg deform 819  B 819.3 gas 816 W liq.

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

SStrong
WWeak
iaInactive
pPolarized
B1~3 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001
Gal, J.F.; Decouzon, M.; Maria, P.C.; Gonzalez, A.I.; Mo, O.; Yanez, M.; El Chaouch, S.; Guillemin, J.C., Acidity trends in alpha,beta-unsaturated alkanes, silanes, germanes, and stannanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 26, 6353-6359, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja004079j . [all data]

Decouzon, Gal, et al., 1993
Decouzon, M.; Gal, J.F.; Gayraud, J.; Maria, P.C.; Vaglio, G.A.; Volpe, P., Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Study of the Gas-Phase Acidities of Germane and Methylgermane - Bond Dissociation Energy of German, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1993, 4, 1, 54, https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(93)85042-V . [all data]

Mayer, Gal, et al., 1997
Mayer, P.M.; Gal, J.-F.; Radom, L., The Heats of Formation, Gas-phase Acidities, and Related Thermochemical Properties of the Third-row Hydrides GeH4, AsH3, SeH2, and HBr from G2 ab initio Calculations, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1997, 167/168, 689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00127-4 . [all data]

Reed and Brauman, 1974
Reed, K.J.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from Group IVa binary hydride anions: The electron affinities of the SiH3 and GeH3 radicals, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 4830. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Berkowitz, Ellison, et al., 1994
Berkowitz, J.; Ellison, G.B.; Gutman, D., Three methods to measure RH bond energies, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 2744. [all data]

Ruscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990
Ruscic, B.; Schwarz, M.; Berkowitz, J., Photoionization studies of GeHn(n = 2-4), J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1865. [all data]

Noble and Walsh, 1983
Noble, P.N.; Walsh, R., Kinetics of the gas phase reaction between iodine and monogermane and the bond dissociation energy D(H3Ge-H), Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1983, 15, 547. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Pullen, Carlson, et al., 1970
Pullen, B.P.; Carlson, T.A.; Moddeman, W.E.; Schweitzer, G.K.; Bull, W.E., Photoelectron spectra of methane, silane, germane, methyl fluoride, difluoromethane, and trifluoromethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 768. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1972
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., The photoelectron spectra of methane, silane germane and stannane, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 165. [all data]

Cradock, 1971
Cradock, S., The photoelectron spectra of GeH4 and GeF4, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 10, 291. [all data]

Saalfeld and Svec, 1963
Saalfeld, F.E.; Svec, H.J., The mass spectra of volatile hydrides. I. The monoelemental hydrides of the group IVB and VB elements, Inorg. Chem., 1963, 2, 46. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]


Notes

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