Water

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Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H2O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)12.621 ± 0.002eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)165.kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity157.7kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
12.65 ± 0.05EISnow and Thomas, 1990LL
12.6188 ± 0.0009PIPage, Larkin, et al., 1988LL
12.6223 ± 0.0003PEReutt, Wang, et al., 1986LBLHLM
12.6 ± 0.1EIGrade, Wienecke, et al., 1983LBLHLM
12.63 ± 0.03EILefaivre and Marmet, 1978LLK
12.612SGurtler, Saile, et al., 1977LLK
12.627PEBotter and Carlier, 1977LLK
12.616PEKronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976LLK
12.624PEDixon, Duxbury, et al., 1976LLK
12.615 ± 0.001PEKarlsson, Mattson, et al., 1975LLK
12.6PEDebies and Rabalais, 1975LLK
12.6PIRabalais, Debies, et al., 1974LLK
12.615 ± 0.001PEBergmark, Karlsson, et al., 1974LLK
12.619PERobin and Kuebler, 1973LLK
12.7EIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
12.619 ± 0.006SKatayama, Huffman, et al., 1973LLK
12.62PEPotts and Price, 1972LLK
12.624PEAsbrink and Rabalais, 1971LLK
12.65CICermak, 1968RDSH
12.62 ± 0.01PEBrundle and Turner, 1968RDSH
12.59 ± 0.01PIDibeler, Walker, et al., 1966RDSH
12.614 ± 0.005PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
12.597 ± 0.010PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.60 ± 0.01EIFrost and McDowell, 1958RDSH
12.62 ± 0.02SPrice, 1936RDSH
12.62PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
11.8PECampbell, Liesegang, et al., 1979Vertical value; LLK
12.61PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
12.61PEWieczorek, Koenig, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK
12.60 ± 0.02PEBanna and Shirley, 1975Vertical value; LLK
12.62PESchweig and Thiel, 1974Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
H+16.95 ± 0.05OHEILefaivre and Marmet, 1978LLK
H+18.7 ± 0.05OH(X2P)EIAppell and Durup, 1973LLK
H+16.0 ± 0.3OH-EICottin, 1959RDSH
H+19.6 ± 0.25OHEICottin, 1959RDSH
HO+18.08 ± 0.05HEILefaivre and Marmet, 1978LLK
HO+18.115 ± 0.008HPIMcCulloh, 1976LLK
HO+18.2HEIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
HO+18.05HPIDibeler, Walker, et al., 1966RDSH
HO+18.2 ± 0.1HEIFoner and Hudson, 1956RDSH
H2+20.7 ± 0.4OEIEhrhardt and Kresling, 1967RDSH
O+19.0H2EIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
O+26.82HEIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
O+19.0 ± 0.2H2EIEhrhardt and Kresling, 1967RDSH
O+26.5 ± 0.32H?EIEhrhardt and Kresling, 1967RDSH
O+29.15 ± 0.252H?EICottin, 1959RDSH

De-protonation reactions

HO- + Hydrogen cation = Water

By formula: HO- + H+ = H2O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr390.330 ± 0.010kcal/molD-EASmith, Kim, et al., 1997gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
Δr387.70kcal/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr383.740 ± 0.060kcal/molH-TSSmith, Kim, et al., 1997gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
Δr381.10kcal/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Snow and Thomas, 1990
Snow, K.B.; Thomas, T.F., Mass spectrum, ionization potential, and appearance potentials for fragment ions of sulfuric acid vapor, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1990, 96, 49. [all data]

Page, Larkin, et al., 1988
Page, R.H.; Larkin, R.J.; Yhen, Y.R.; Lee, Y.T., High-resolution photoionization spectrum of water molecules in a supersonic beam, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 2249. [all data]

Reutt, Wang, et al., 1986
Reutt, J.E.; Wang, L.S.; Lee, Y.T.; Shirley, D.A., Molecular beam photoelectron spectroscopy and femtosecond intramolecular dynamics of H2O+ and D2O+, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 6928. [all data]

Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983
Grade, M.; Wienecke, J.; Rosinger, W.; Hirschwald, W., Electron impact investigation of the molecules SeS(g) and TeSe(g) under high-temperature equilibrium conditions, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 355. [all data]

Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978
Lefaivre, D.; Marmet, P., Electroionization of D2O and H2O and study of fragments H+ and OH+, Can. J. Phys., 1978, 56, 1549. [all data]

Gurtler, Saile, et al., 1977
Gurtler, P.; Saile, V.; Koch, E.E., Rydberg series in the absorption spectra of H2O and D2O in the vacuum ultraviolet, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 51, 386. [all data]

Botter and Carlier, 1977
Botter, R.; Carlier, J., Spectre de photoelectrons et calcul des facteurs de Franck-Condon pour H2O, D2O, HDO, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 12, 55. [all data]

Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976
Kronebusch, P.L.; Berkowitz, J., Photodissociative ionization in the 21-41 eV region: O2, N2, CO, NO, CO2, H2O, NH3 and CH4, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 22, 283. [all data]

Dixon, Duxbury, et al., 1976
Dixon, R.N.; Duxbury, G.; Rabalais, J.W.; Asbrink, L., Rovibronic structure in the photoelectron spectra of H2O, D2O and HDO, Mol. Phys., 1976, 31, 423. [all data]

Karlsson, Mattson, et al., 1975
Karlsson, L.; Mattson, L.; Jadrny, R.; Albridge, R.G.; Pinchas, S.; Bergmark, T.; Siegbahn, K., Isotopic and vibronic coupling effects in the valence electron spectra of H216O, H218O, and D216O, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 4745. [all data]

Debies and Rabalais, 1975
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W., Calculated photoionization cross-sections and angular distributions for the isoelectronic series Ne, HF, H2O, NH3, and CH4, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 487. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Bergmark, Karlsson, et al., 1974
Bergmark, T.; Karlsson, L.; Jadrny, R.; Mattsson, L.; Albridge, R.G.; Siegbahn, K., Isotopic effects in the electron spectra of H216O, H218O, and D216O, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 4, 85. [all data]

Robin and Kuebler, 1973
Robin, M.B.; Kuebler, N.A., Excited electronic states of the simple alcohols, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 13. [all data]

Morrison and Traeger, 1973
Morrison, J.D.; Traeger, J.C., Ionization and dissociation by electron impact. I. H2O and H2S, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 77. [all data]

Katayama, Huffman, et al., 1973
Katayama, D.H.; Huffman, R.E.; O'Bryan, C.L., Absorption and photoionization cross sections for H2O and D2O in the vacuum ultraviolet, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 4309. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1972
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., Photoelectron spectra and valence shell orbital structures of groups V VI hydrides, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 326, 181. [all data]

Asbrink and Rabalais, 1971
Asbrink, L.; Rabalais, J.W., Comments on the high resolution photoelectron spectrum of H2O and D2O, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 12, 182. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Brundle and Turner, 1968
Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W., High resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. II.Water and deuterium oxide, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1968, A307, 27. [all data]

Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1966
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; Rosenstock, H.M., Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. V.Water and ammonia, J.Res. NBS, 1966, 70A, 459. [all data]

Brehm, 1966
Brehm, B., Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Photoionisation von Molekulen, Z. Naturforsch., 1966, 21a, 196. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1958
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., Excited states of the molecular ions of hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, water, hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia, Can. J. Chem., 1958, 36, 39. [all data]

Price, 1936
Price, W.C., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of H2O and H2S, J. Chem. Phys., 1936, 4, 147. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Campbell, Liesegang, et al., 1979
Campbell, M.J.; Liesegang, J.; Riley, J.D.; Leckey, R.C.G.; Jenkin, J.G.; Poole, R.T., The electronic structure of the valence bands of solid NH3 and H2O studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1979, 15, 83. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Wieczorek, Koenig, et al., 1975
Wieczorek, J.S.; Koenig, T.; Balle, T., The He(I) photoelectron spectra of amine n-oxides, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 215. [all data]

Banna and Shirley, 1975
Banna, M.S.; Shirley, D.A., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy at 132.3 eV. The second-row hydrides, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 4759. [all data]

Schweig and Thiel, 1974
Schweig, A.; Thiel, W., Photoionization cross sections: He I- and He II-photoelectron spectra of homologous oxygen and sulphur compounds, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 265. [all data]

Appell and Durup, 1973
Appell, J.; Durup, J., The formation of protons by impact of low energy electrons on water molecules, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 10, 247. [all data]

Cottin, 1959
Cottin, M., Etude des ions produits par impact electronique dans la vapeur d'eau, J. Chim. Phys., 1959, 56, 1024. [all data]

McCulloh, 1976
McCulloh, K.E., Energetics and mechanisms of fragment ion formation in the photoionization of normal and deuterated water and ammonia, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 21, 333. [all data]

Foner and Hudson, 1956
Foner, S.N.; Hudson, R.L., Ionization potential of the OH free radical by mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 25, 602. [all data]

Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967
Ehrhardt, H.; Kresling, A., Die dissoziative Ionisation von N2, O2, H2O, CO2 und Athan, Z. Naturforsch., 1967, 22a, 2036. [all data]

Smith, Kim, et al., 1997
Smith, J.R.; Kim, J.B.; Lineberger, W.C., High-resolution Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy of OH-, Phys. Rev. A, 1997, 55, 3, 2036, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.55.2036 . [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References