Tin(IV) chloride

• Formula: Cl₄Sn
• Molecular weight: 260.522
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/4ClH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7646-78-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Stannic chloride; SnCl4; Stannane, tetrachloro-; Etain (tetrachlorure d'); Libavius Fuming spirit; Stagno (tetracloruro di); Stannic chloride, anhydrous; Stannic tetrachloride; Tetrachlorostannane; Tetrachlorotin; Tin chloride (SnCl4); Tin chloride, fuming; Tin perchloride; Tin tetrachloride; Tin tetrachloride, anhydrous; Tin(iv) chloride (1:4); Tin(IV) tetrachloride; Tin chloride; UN 1827; Zinntetrachlorid; Anhydrous tin tetrachloride; Fascat 4400; Libavius' fuming spirit; Tin (IV) chloride anhydrous; NSC 209802
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

3 (l) +  (l) = 4 (l)

By formula: 3C₄H₁₂Sn (l) + Cl₄Sn (l) = 4C₃H₉ClSn (l)

 (l) + 3 (l) = 4 (l)

By formula: C₄H₁₂Sn (l) + 3Cl₄Sn (l) = 4CH₃Cl₃Sn (l)

 (l) +  (l) = 2 (l)

By formula: C₄H₁₂Sn (l) + Cl₄Sn (l) = 2C₂H₆Cl₂Sn (l)

 (l) +  (l) = C₂H₅Cl₃Sn (l) +  (l)

By formula: C₈H₂₀Sn (l) + Cl₄Sn (l) = C₂H₅Cl₃Sn (l) + C₆H₁₅ClSn (l)

 +  = Cl₅Sn^-

By formula: Cl^- + Cl₄Sn = Cl₅Sn^-

3 (l) +  (l) = 4 (l)

By formula: 3C₈H₂₀Sn (l) + Cl₄Sn (l) = 4C₆H₁₅ClSn (l)

3 (l) +  (l) = 4C₆H₉ClSn (l)

By formula: 3C₈H₁₂Sn (l) + Cl₄Sn (l) = 4C₆H₉ClSn (l)

 (l) + 3 (l) = 4C₂H₃Cl₃Sn (l)

By formula: C₈H₁₂Sn (l) + 3Cl₄Sn (l) = 4C₂H₃Cl₃Sn (l)

 (l) +  (l) = 2C₄H₆Cl₂Sn (l)

By formula: C₈H₁₂Sn (l) + Cl₄Sn (l) = 2C₄H₆Cl₂Sn (l)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = Cl₅Sn^-

By formula: Cl^- + Cl₄Sn = Cl₅Sn^-

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   T_d     Symmetry Number σ = 12

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Nash, Skinner, et al., 1965
Nash, G.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Stack, W.F., Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 640. [all data]

Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J., Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]

Hao, Kaspar, et al., 2005
Hao, C.T.; Kaspar, J.D.; Check, C.E.; Lobring, K.C.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Effect of substituents on the strength of A-Cl- (A = Si, Ge, and Sn) bonds in hypervalent systems: ACl(5)(-), ACl(4)F(-), and A(CH3)(3)Cl-2(-), J. Phys. Chem. A, 2005, 109, 9, 2026-2034, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp040743x . [all data]

Wang, Chi, et al., 2010
Wang, X.B.; Chi, C.X.; Zhou, M.F.; Kuvychko, I.V.; Seppelt, K.; Popov, A.A.; Strauss, S.H.; Boltalina, O.V.; Wang, L.S., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of C60Fn- and C60Fm2- (n=17, 33, 35, 43, 45, 47; m=34, 46) in the Gas Phase and the Generation and Characterization of C-1-C60F47- and D-2-C60F44 in Solution, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114, 4, 1756-1765, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9097364 . [all data]

Ioffe, Avdoshenko, et al., 2005
Ioffe, I.N.; Avdoshenko, S.M.; Boltalina, O.V.; Sidorov, L.N.; Berndt, K.; Weber, J.M., Mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum chemical studies of fluorofullerene dianions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 243, 3, 223-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2005.03.005 . [all data]

Lacmann, Maneira, et al., 1983
Lacmann, K.; Maneira, M.J.P.; Moutinho, A.M.C.; Weigman, U., Total and Double Differential Cross Sections of Ion- Pair Formations in Collisions of K Atoms with SnCl₄ and CCl₄, J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 78, 1767. [all data]

Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1979
Mathur, E.P.; Rothe, E.W.; Reck, G.P., Negative ions from the reactions of alkalis with SnCl₄, GeCl₄, and TiCl⁴, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 31, 77. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Bancroft, Pellach, et al., 1982
Bancroft, G.M.; Pellach, E.; Tse, J.S., High resolution HeI and HeII photoelectron spectra of TiCl₄, SnCl₄, and (CH₃)₄Sn, Inorg. Chem., 1982, 21, 2950. [all data]

Bassett and Lloyd, 1971
Bassett, P.J.; Lloyd, D.R., Photoelectron spectra of halides. Part I. Tetrafluorides and tetrachlorides of group IVB, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (A), 641. [all data]

Buchanan, Knowles, et al., 1969
Buchanan, A.S.; Knowles, D.J.; Swingler, D.L., Electron impact studies of stannous chloride and stannic chloride, J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 4394. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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