Acetaldehyde

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-170.7 ± 1.5kJ/molChydWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
35.5350.Thermodynamics Research Center, 19971 bar. Recommended heat capacity and entropy values are in good agreement with statistically calculated values of [ Pitzer K.S., 1949, 66LIP/WAG]. Discrepancies with results of calculation [ Della Vedova C.O., 1991] amount to 1.4 J/mol*K for S(300 K) and 3.4 J/mol*K for Cp(900 K). S(298.15 K) value calculated by high accuracy ab initio method [ East A.L.L., 1997] is in close agreement with selected one. Please also see Chao J., 1980, Chao J., 1986.; GT
40.27100.
43.26150.
46.47200.
52.80273.15
55.32 ± 0.08298.15
55.51300.
66.28400.
76.68500.
85.94600.
94.04700.
101.07800.
107.19900.
112.491000.
117.081100.
121.061200.
124.501300.
127.491400.
130.091500.
135.221750.
138.942000.
141.682250.
143.752500.
145.352750.
146.593000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
54.98298.1Chao J., 1986These ideal gas heat capacity values were obtained from the observed values of [ Coleman C.F., 1949] using the second virial coefficient data from [ Pitzer K.S., 1949].; GT
58.03322.9
62.43372.7
67.45422.4

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-196.4 ± 1.5kJ/molChydWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid117.3J/mol*KN/ALebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
89.05298.15Lebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988T = 15 to 300 K.; DH
96.21273.Connor, Elving, et al., 1947DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil294.0 ± 0.8KAVGN/AAverage of 25 out of 27 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus151. ± 3.KAVGN/AAverage of 15 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc466.0KN/ATeja and Anselme, 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Tc461.KN/AHollmann, 1903Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Tc454.7KN/AVan der Waals, 1881Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 6. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc6.49mol/lN/ATeja and Anselme, 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap26.12kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap25.7kJ/molN/AWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991DRB
Δvap26.9kJ/molEBBull, Seregrennaja, et al., 1963Based on data from 293. - 377. K. See also Verevkin, Krasnykh, et al., 2003.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
25.76293.3N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
26.0308.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 293. - 377. K.; AC
27.6283.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 272. - 294. K. See also Dykyj, 1970.; AC
26.3308.N/AKim and Kim, 1977Based on data from 293. - 345. K.; AC
27.0307.N/AColes and Popper, 1950Based on data from 273. - 307. K.; AC
25.7 ± 0.2294.VColeman and DeVries, 1949ALS

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
293.4 - 377.53.68639822.894-69.899Bull, Seregrennaja, et al., 1963, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
272.9 - 307.65.18831637.08322.317Coles and Popper, 1950Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
2.310149.78Lebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988DH
1.72242.9Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
15.43149.78Lebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
15.42149.8Domalski and Hearing, 1996CAL
7.06242.9

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
1.716242.9liquidliquidLebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988Lambda type transition.; DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
7.35242.9liquidliquidLebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988Lambda; DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C2H3O- + Hydrogen cation = Acetaldehyde

By formula: C2H3O- + H+ = C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1533.1 ± 3.4kJ/molD-EAMead, Lykke, et al., 1984gas phase; Uncertainty: 6 millical/mol (0.26 micro-eV).Dipolebound state at ca. 14.3 cal/mol (5 cm-1); B
Δr1531. ± 9.2kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; Acid: ethanal. The enol is 9.6 kcal/mol more acidic: Holmes and Lossing, 1982; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1533. ± 12.kJ/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1505. ± 5.0kJ/molH-TSMead, Lykke, et al., 1984gas phase; Uncertainty: 6 millical/mol (0.26 micro-eV).Dipolebound state at ca. 14.3 cal/mol (5 cm-1); B
Δr1502. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; Acid: ethanal. The enol is 9.6 kcal/mol more acidic: Holmes and Lossing, 1982; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1505. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

C2H5O+ + Acetaldehyde = (C2H5O+ • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: C2H5O+ + C2H4O = (C2H5O+ • C2H4O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr121.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.7kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C2H7O+ + Acetaldehyde = (C2H7O+ • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: C2H7O+ + C2H4O = (C2H7O+ • C2H4O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr131.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr113.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr97.1kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C2H5O+ + Acetaldehyde = (C2H5O+ • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: C2H5O+ + C2H4O = (C2H5O+ • C2H4O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr133.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr121.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr97.5kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C2H3O- + Hydrogen cation = Acetaldehyde

By formula: C2H3O- + H+ = C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1645.1 ± 4.0kJ/molD-EANimlos, Soderquist, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr1636. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSDePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1985gas phase; B
Δr1619. ± 33.kJ/molCIDTGraul and Squires, 1990gas phase; B
Δr<1598.3kJ/molCIDTGraul and Squires, 1988gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1613. ± 4.6kJ/molH-TSNimlos, Soderquist, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr1604. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRBDePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1985gas phase; B
Δr<1565.9 ± 2.5kJ/molH-TSGraul and Squires, 1988gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Acetaldehyde = (Chlorine anion • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: Cl- + C2H4O = (Cl- • C2H4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr60.2 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.8J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9F, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M

MeCO2 anion + Acetaldehyde = (MeCO2 anion • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: C2H3O2- + C2H4O = (C2H3O2- • C2H4O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of deprotonated acids to ketones/

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.2 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.8J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; B

Hydrogen + Acetaldehyde = Ethanol

By formula: H2 + C2H4O = C2H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-81.3 ± 1.4kJ/molChydWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991liquid phase; solvent: Triglyme; ALS
Δr-69.08 ± 0.42kJ/molChydDolliver, Gresham, et al., 1938gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -70.1 ± 0.4 kJ/mol; At 355 °K; ALS

(C2H5O- • 4294967295Acetaldehyde) + Acetaldehyde = C2H5O-

By formula: (C2H5O- • 4294967295C2H4O) + C2H4O = C2H5O-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr158. ± 4.2kJ/molN/ARamond, Davico, et al., 2000gas phase; B
Δr165. ± 9.2kJ/molTherBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Nitric oxide anion + Acetaldehyde = (Nitric oxide anion • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: NO- + C2H4O = (NO- • C2H4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr164.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Lithium ion (1+) + Acetaldehyde = (Lithium ion (1+) • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: Li+ + C2H4O = (Li+ • C2H4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr173.kJ/molICRStaley and Beauchamp, 1975gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Keesee and Castleman, 1986 from Berman and Beauchamp, 1986; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M

3Acetaldehyde = Paraldehyde

By formula: 3C2H4O = C6H12O3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-87. ± 6.kJ/molCmKrasnov, Ozherel'eva, et al., 1983liquid phase; solvent: Nonaqueous; Trimerization; ALS
Δr-98.1kJ/molEqkBusfield, Lee, et al., 1973gas phase; ALS

Magnesium ion (1+) + Acetaldehyde = (Magnesium ion (1+) • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: Mg+ + C2H4O = (Mg+ • C2H4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr260. ± 20.kJ/molICROperti, Tews, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

Ethane, 1,1-dimethoxy- + Water = 2Methyl Alcohol + Acetaldehyde

By formula: C4H10O2 + H2O = 2CH4O + C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.07 ± 0.063kJ/molCmWiberg, 1980liquid phase; solvent: Water; Hydrolysis; ALS

1,1-Dimethoxyethane + Water = 2Methyl Alcohol + Acetaldehyde

By formula: C4H10O2 + H2O = 2CH4O + C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35.7 ± 0.3kJ/molCmBirley and Skinner, 1970liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy- + Water = 2Methyl Alcohol + Acetaldehyde

By formula: C4H10O2 + H2O = 2CH4O + C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35.9 ± 0.8kJ/molEqkWiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994liquid phase; ALS

2Methyl Alcohol + Acetaldehyde = Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy- + Water

By formula: 2CH4O + C2H4O = C4H10O2 + H2O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-62. ± 1.kJ/molCmWiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994gas phase; ALS

Acetaldehyde + Iodine = Hydrogen iodide + Acetyl iodide

By formula: C2H4O + I2 = HI + C2H3IO

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3. ± 2.kJ/molEqkWalsh and Benson, 1966gas phase; ALS

Water + Acetaldehyde, phenylhydrazone = Hydrazine, phenyl- + Acetaldehyde

By formula: H2O + C8H10N2 = C6H8N2 + C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-61.1kJ/molCmLandrieu, 1905solid phase; ALS

Paraldehyde = 3Acetaldehyde

By formula: C6H12O3 = 3C2H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr98.1kJ/molEqkBusfield, Lee, et al., 1973gas phase; At 292-313 K; ALS

Sodium ion (1+) + Acetaldehyde = (Sodium ion (1+) • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: Na+ + C2H4O = (Na+ • C2H4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr113. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTArmentrout and Rodgers, 2000RCD

Silver ion (1+) + Acetaldehyde = (Silver ion (1+) • Acetaldehyde)

By formula: Ag+ + C2H4O = (Ag+ • C2H4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr182. ± 19.kJ/molRAKHo, Yang, et al., 1997RCD

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-9104
NIST MS number 227634

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Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   Cs     Symmetry Number σ = 1


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a' 1 CH3 d-str 3005  C 3005 M gas 3001 W liq.
a' 2 CH3 s-str 2917  D 2917 S p liq.
a' 3 CH str 2822  C 2822 M gas 2843 W p liq.
a' 4 CO str 1743  C 1743 VS gas 1714 S p liq.
a' 5 CH3 d-deform 1441  C 1441 S gas 1426 S liq.
a' 6 CH bend 1400  C 1400 S gas 1391 S liq.
a' 7 CH3 s-deform 1352  C 1352 S gas 1342 M liq.
a' 8 CC str 1113  C 1113 S gas 1109 M p liq.
a' 9 CH3 rock 919  C 919 M gas 911 M liq.
a' 10 CCO deform 509  C 509 S gas 512 S p liq.
a 11 CH3 d-str 2967  C 2967 M gas 2964 W liq.
a 12 CH3 d-deform 1420  C 1420 S gas 1426 S dp liq.
a 13 CH3 rock 867  C 867 M gas 885 M liq.
a 14 CH bend 763  C 763 W gas 767 M dp liq.
a 15 Torsion 150  C 150 W gas MW: ν150 ()A), ν148 ()E)

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
WWeak
pPolarized
dpDepolarized
MWTorsional Frequency calculated from microwave spectroscopic data.
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991
Wiberg, K.B.; Crocker, L.S.; Morgan, K.M., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 5. Enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3447-3450. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1949
Pitzer K.S., Jr., Thermodynamics and vibrational spectrum of acetaldehyde, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 2842-2844. [all data]

Della Vedova C.O., 1991
Della Vedova C.O., Raman and infrared spectra and photochemical behavior of acetaldehyde isolated in matrixes, J. Raman Spectrosc., 1991, 22, 505-507. [all data]

East A.L.L., 1997
East A.L.L., Ab initio statistical thermodynamical models for the computation of third-law entropies, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 6655-6674. [all data]

Chao J., 1980
Chao J., Perfect gas thermodynamic properties of methanal, ethanal and their deuterated species, Thermochim. Acta, 1980, 41, 41-54. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
Chao J., Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]

Coleman C.F., 1949
Coleman C.F., The heat capacity of organic vapors. V. Acetaldehyde, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 2839-2841. [all data]

Lebedev and Vasil'ev, 1988
Lebedev, B.V.; Vasil'ev, V.G., Thermodynamics of ethanal at 0-300 K, Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1988, 62, 3099-3102. [all data]

Connor, Elving, et al., 1947
Connor, A.Z.; Elving, P.J.; Steingiser, S., Specific heat of acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde dibutyl acetal, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 1532. [all data]

Teja and Anselme, 1990
Teja, A.S.; Anselme, M.J., The critical properties of thermally stable and unstable fluids. I. 1985 results, AIChE Symp. Ser., 1990, 86, 279, 115-21. [all data]

Hollmann, 1903
Hollmann, R., Physical and natural equilibria between the modifications of aldehyde, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1903, 43, 129-59. [all data]

Van der Waals, 1881
Van der Waals, J.D., Continuity of Gas and Liquid Data, 1881,, 1881, Leipzig, p 168. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Bull, Seregrennaja, et al., 1963
Bull, S.S.; Seregrennaja, I.I.; Tsherbakora, P.R., Khim. Prom. (Moscow), 1963, 7, 507. [all data]

Verevkin, Krasnykh, et al., 2003
Verevkin, Sergey P.; Krasnykh, Eugen L.; Vasiltsova, Tatiana V.; Koutek, Bohumir; Doubsky, Jan; Heintz, Andreas, Vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of a series of the linear aliphatic aldehydes, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2003, 206, 1-2, 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(03)00035-9 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
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Notes

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