Ethyl bromide

• Formula: C₂H₅Br
• Molecular weight: 108.965
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H5Br/c1-2-3/h2H2,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-96-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Ethane, bromo-; Bromic ether; Bromoethane; Hydrobromic ether; Monobromoethane; C2H5Br; 1-Bromoethane; Bromure d'ethyle; Etylu bromek; Halon 2001; NCI-C55481; UN 1891; NSC 8824
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas Chromatography
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  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₂H₅Br = (Br^- • C₂H₅Br)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₅Br = (Cl^- • C₂H₅Br)

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₅Br = HBr + C₂H₄

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₅Br = HBr + C₂H₆

 + 2 = 2 + 

By formula: H₂ + 2C₂H₅Br = 2C₂H₆ + Br₂

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₂H₅Br⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Proton affinity at 298K

Gas basicity at 298K

Protonation entropy at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₂H₅Br = (Br^- • C₂H₅Br)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₅Br = (Cl^- • C₂H₅Br)

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• LIQUID (NEAT); BAIRD (GRATING); 2 cm^-1 resolution
• LIQUID (NEAT); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C_s     Symmetry Number σ = 1

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Kudchadker and Kudchadker, 1979
Kudchadker, S.A.; Kudchadker, A.P., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of selected bromoethanes and iodoethane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1979, 8, 519-526. [all data]

Ashcroft, Carson, et al., 1965
Ashcroft, S.J.; Carson, A.S.; Carter, W.; Laye, P.G., Thermochemistry of reductions caused by lithium aluminium hydride. Part 3.- The C-halogen bond dissociation energies in ethyl iodine and ethyl bromide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 225-229. [all data]

Fowell, Lacher, et al., 1965
Fowell, P.; Lacher, J.R.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 3.-Heats of hydrogenation of methyl bromide and ethyl bromide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 1324-1327. [all data]

Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G., A study of the C₂H₄+HCl=C₂H₅Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]

Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986
Pedley, J.B.; Naylor, R.D.; Kirby, S.P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986, 1-792. [all data]

Shehatta, 1993
Shehatta, I., Heat capacity at constant pressure of some halogen compounds, Thermochim. Acta, 1993, 213, 1-10. [all data]

Kurbatov, 1948
Kurbatov, V.Ya., Heat capacity of liquids. 2. Heat capacity and the temperature dependence of heat capacity from halogen derivatives of acylic hydrocarbons, Zh. Obshch. Kim., 1948, 18, 372-389. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Herz and Neukirch, 1923
Herz, W.; Neukirch, E., On Knowldge of the Critical State, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1923, 104, 433-50. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Li and Rossini, 1961
Li, J.C.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C ₁ to C ₂₀ ., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 2, 268-270, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a025 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J., Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]

Svoboda, Majer, et al., 1977
Svoboda, V.; Majer, V.; Veselý, F.; Pick, J., Heats of vaporization of alkyl bromides, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1977, 42, 6, 1755-1760, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19771755 . [all data]

Zmaczynski, 1930
Zmaczynski, M.A., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1930, 27, 503. [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Zmaczynski, 1930, 2
Zmaczynski, M.A., Recherches Ebullioscopiques et Tonometriques Comparatives de 8 Substances Organiques Etalons, J. Chim. Phys. Phys. Chim. Biol., 1930, 27, 503-517. [all data]

Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o . [all data]

Dougherty, 1974
Dougherty, R.C., SN₂ reactions in the gas phase. Alkyl group structural effects, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 85. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001
Bouchoux, G.; Caunan, F.; Leblanc, D.; Nguyen, M.T.; Salpin, J.Y., Protonation thermochemistry of ethyl halides, Chem Phys. Phys. Chem., 2001, 10, 604-610. [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985
Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Harada, Y., Variations in reactivity of lone-pair electrons due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding as observed by penning ionization electron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 8078. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1970
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A.; Ward, S.D., Online acquisition of ionization efficiency data, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 241. [all data]

Hashmall and Heilbronner, 1970
Hashmall, J.A.; Heilbronner, E., n-Ionization potentials of alkyl bromides, Angew. Chem. Intern. Ed., 1970, 9, 305. [all data]

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Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Price, 1936
Price, W.C., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of the alkyl halides. Part II, J. Chem. Phys., 1936, 4, 547. [all data]

Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some aliphatic alcohols, amines, halides, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 1216. [all data]

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Hoppilliard, Y.; Solgadi, D., Conformational analysis of 2-haloethanols and 2-methoxyethylhalides in a photoelectron spectrometer, Tetrahedron, 1980, 36, 377. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra and orbital structures of higher alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 373. [all data]

Irsa, 1957
Irsa, A.P., Electron impact studies on C₂H₅Cl, C₂H₅Br, and C₂H₅I, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 18. [all data]

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Miller, B.E.; Baer, T., Kinetic energy release distribution in the fragmentation of energy-selected vinyl and ethyl bromide ions, Chem. Phys., 1984, 85, 39. [all data]

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Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G., Absolute heats of formation for gas phase cations, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3647. [all data]

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Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A., Electron-impact ionization and appearance potentials, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1209. [all data]

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Grutzmacher, H.-F., Zum Mechanismus massenspektrometrischer Fragmentierungsreaktionen-IV: zur Bildung von Phenonium-Ionen bei der Elektronenstoss-Fragmentierung von -Phenylathylbromiden, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 3, 131. [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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