silver

Formula: Ag
Molecular weight: 107.8682
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Ag
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 7440-22-4
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	68.1 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	41.3473 ± 0.001	cal/mol*K	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{solid,1 bar}	10.17 ± 0.048	cal/mol*K	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value

Phase change data

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Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
1823. - 2425.	1.94732	2505.533	-1194.947	Hartmann and Schneider, 1929	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-35-6 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-35-6

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-35-6 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-35-6

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.3 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	LPD	Shi, Spasov, et al., 1999	gas phase
Δ_rH°	54.9 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag7- loss; Ag8- loss ca. 0.07 eV higher.

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-37-8 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-37-8

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-37-8 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-37-8

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	54.9 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	LPD	Shi, Spasov, et al., 1999	gas phase
Δ_rH°	57.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag10- loss; Ag9- loss comparable.

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-33-4 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-33-4

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-33-4 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-33-4

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	57.2 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	LPD	Shi, Spasov, et al., 1999	gas phase
Δ_rH°	63.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag6- loss; Ag5- loss comparable.

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-34-5 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-34-5

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-34-5 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-34-5

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.05 ± 0.92	kcal/mol	LPD	Shi, Spasov, et al., 1999	gas phase
Δ_rH°	41.5 ± 3.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag7- loss as sole channel.

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-36-7 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-36-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-36-7 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-36-7

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.97 ± 0.92	kcal/mol	LPD	Shi, Spasov, et al., 1999	gas phase
Δ_rH°	44.7 ± 3.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag9- loss as sole channel.

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-31-2 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-31-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-31-2 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-31-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	42.4 ± 4.6	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag3- loss; Ag4- loss ca. 0.29 eV higher.

(CAS Reg. No. 66525-32-4 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 66525-32-4

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 66525-32-4 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 66525-32-4

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.3 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; for loss of Ag-; Ag2- loss is 0.30 eV higher

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-28-7 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-28-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-28-7 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-28-7

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31.4 ± 5.5	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag3- loss; Ag2- loss ca. 0.3 eV higher.

(CAS Reg. No. 12595-32-3 • 4294967295 silver ) + silver = CAS Reg. No. 12595-32-3

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12595-32-3 • 4294967295Ag) + Ag = CAS Reg. No. 12595-32-3

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41. ± 14.	kcal/mol	CIDT	Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999	gas phase; For Ag4- loss; Ag5- loss ca. 0.05 eV higher.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ag⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	7.57624	eV	N/A	N/A	L

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.304 ± 0.028	N/A	Wu, Qin, et al., 2010	B
1.304481 ± 0.000044	N/A	Bilodeau, Scheer, et al., 1998	B
1.3030 ± 0.0070	LPES	Hotop, Bennett, et al., 1973	B
1.30 ± 0.20	LPES	Taylor, Pettiettehall, et al., 1992	EA set as 0.2 eV above onset to correct for unresolved hot bands.; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.57624	EVAL	Lide, 1992	LL
7.57	EI	Jackschath, Rabin, et al., 1992	LL
7.5	EI	Hildenbrand and Lau, 1991	LL
7.62 ± 0.07	EI	Rauh and Ackermann, 1979	LLK
7.57	PE	Dyke, Fayad, et al., 1979	LLK
7.5 ± 0.3	EI	Hildenbrand, 1977	LLK
7.57624	S	Brown and Ginter, 1977	LLK
7.8 ± 0.2	EI	Piacente and Gingerich, 1972	LLK
7.6	EI	Gingerich and Piacente, 1971	LLK
7.51 ± 0.07	EI	Cabaud, Uzan, et al., 1971	LLK
7.576	S	Moore, 1970	RDSH
7.53	EI	Il'ina, Rutgaizer, et al., 1967	RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Hartmann and Schneider, 1929
Hartmann, H.; Schneider, R., Die Siedetemperaturen von Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium and Lithium, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1929, 180, 1, 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19291800129 . [all data]

Shi, Spasov, et al., 1999
Shi, Y.; Spasov, V.A.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive fragmentation and electron loss kinetics of photoactivated silver cluster anions: Dissociation energies of Ag-n(-) (n=7-11), J. Chem. Phys., 1999, 111, 3, 938-949, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479186 . [all data]

Spasov, Lee, et al., 1999
Spasov, V.A.; Lee, T.H.; Maberry, J.P.; Ervin, K.M., Measurement of the dissociation energies of anionic silver clusters (Ag-n(-), n = 2-11) by collision-induced dissociation, J. Chem. Phys., 1999, 110, 11, 5208-5217, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.478416 . [all data]

Wu, Qin, et al., 2010
Wu, X.; Qin, Z.B.; Xie, H.; Cong, R.; Wu, X.H.; Tang, Z.C.; Fan, H.J., Photoelectron Imaging and Theoretical Studies of Group 11 Cyanides MCN (M = Cu, Ag, Au), J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114, 49, 12839-12844, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1013708 . [all data]

Bilodeau, Scheer, et al., 1998
Bilodeau, R.C.; Scheer, M.; Haugen, H.K., Infrared Laser Photodetachment of Transition Metal Negative Ions: Studies on Cr-, Mo-, Cu-, and Ag-, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1998, 31, 17, 3885-3891, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/31/17/013 . [all data]

Hotop, Bennett, et al., 1973
Hotop, H.; Bennett, R.A.; Lineberger, W.C., Electron Affinities of Cu and Ag, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 6, 2373, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1679514 . [all data]

Taylor, Pettiettehall, et al., 1992
Taylor, K.J.; Pettiettehall, C.L.; Cheshnovsky, O.; Smalley, R.E., Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Coinage Metal Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 4, 3319, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461927 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Jackschath, Rabin, et al., 1992
Jackschath, C.; Rabin, I.; Schulze, W., Electron impact ionization of silver clusters Ag_n, n<36, Z. Phys. D, 1992, 22, 517. [all data]

Hildenbrand and Lau, 1991
Hildenbrand, D.L.; Lau, K.H., Redetermination of the thermochemistry of gaseous UF₅, UF₂, and UF, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 1420. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1979
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., The first ionization potentials of the transition metals, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 1004. [all data]

Dyke, Fayad, et al., 1979
Dyke, J.M.; Fayad, N.K.; Morris, A.; Trickle, I.R., Gas-phase He I photoelectron spectra of some transition metals: Cu, Ag, Au, Cr and Mn, J. Phys. B:, 1979, 12, 2985. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1977
Hildenbrand, D.L., Thermochemistry of gaseous UF₅ and UF₄, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 4788. [all data]

Brown and Ginter, 1977
Brown, C.M.; Ginter, M.L., Absorption spectrum of Ag I between 1540 and 1850 Å, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1977, 67, 1323. [all data]

Piacente and Gingerich, 1972
Piacente, V.; Gingerich, K.A., Thermodynamic study of the molecule NaAg with a mass spectrometer, High Temp. Sci., 1972, 4, 312. [all data]

Gingerich and Piacente, 1971
Gingerich, K.A.; Piacente, V., Gaseous phosphorus compounds. IV. Thermodynamic study of gallium monophosphide with a mass spectrometer and dissociation energy of aluminum diphosphide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2498. [all data]

Cabaud, Uzan, et al., 1971
Cabaud, B.; Uzan, R.; Nounou, P., Etude des processus d'ionisation a haute temperature des vapeurs metalliques par couplage d'une cellule de Knudsen et d'une source Fox. I. Interpretation des processus d'ionisation de Ag et influence de la temperature sur les courbes d'efficacite d'ionisation,., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 6, 89. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Il'ina, Rutgaizer, et al., 1967
Il'ina, G.G.; Rutgaizer, Yu.S.; Semenov, G.A., Ion source for mass spectral study of the energy characteristics of molecules, Pribory i Tekhn. Ekrperim.,, 1967, 151, In original 158. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

Symbols used in this document:

EA	Electron affinity
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
S°_{solid,1 bar}	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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