lithium
- Formula: Li
- Molecular weight: 6.941
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Li
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7439-93-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
- Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | 38.07 ± 0.24 | kcal/mol | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
| ΔfH°gas | 38.074 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°gas,1 bar | 33.1697 ± 0.0024 | cal/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
| S°gas,1 bar | 33.169 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
| Temperature (K) | 1620.12 to 6000. |
|---|---|
| A | 5.576979 |
| B | -0.662625 |
| C | 0.183418 |
| D | -0.000859 |
| E | -0.008424 |
| F | 36.21021 |
| G | 39.72001 |
| H | 38.07371 |
| Reference | Chase, 1998 |
| Comment | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°liquid | 0.569 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°liquid,1 bar | 8.112 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°solid,1 bar | 6.960 ± 0.048 | cal/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°solid | 6.953 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
| Temperature (K) | 453.69 to 700. | 700. to 1620.12 |
|---|---|---|
| A | 7.760450 | 6.216291 |
| B | -0.630013 | 1.346170 |
| C | -1.512220 | -0.959184 |
| D | 1.011081 | 0.208816 |
| E | 0.001359 | 0.082254 |
| F | -1.701081 | -1.003751 |
| G | 17.75660 | 15.86110 |
| H | 0.568834 | 0.568834 |
| Reference | Chase, 1998 | Chase, 1998 |
| Comment | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
| Temperature (K) | 298. to 453. |
|---|---|
| A | 40.52390 |
| B | -210.9730 |
| C | 472.6190 |
| D | -355.4761 |
| E | -0.384712 |
| F | -7.468511 |
| G | 98.86391 |
| H | 0.000000 |
| Reference | Chase, 1998 |
| Comment | Data last reviewed in June, 1962 |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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| Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 298.14 to 1599.99 | 4.98260 | 7918.984 | -9.52 | Hicks, 1963 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
| 1204. to 1353. | 1.58421 | 1603.966 | -711.088 | Hartmann and Schneider, 1929 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: José A. Martinho Simões
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
(g) =
(g) +
(g)
By formula: CH3Li (g) = Li (g) + CH4 (g)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 66.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Smith and Patrick, 1983 |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to Li+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 5.39172 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.39172 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
| 5.36 ± 0.01 | PI | Dugourd, Rayane, et al., 1992 | LL |
| 5.392 | S | Kelly, 1987 | LBLHLM |
| 5.4 ± 0.2 | EI | Nakagawa, Asano, et al., 1981 | LLK |
| 5.5 ± 0.3 | EI | N/A | LLK |
| 5.4 | EI | Zmbov, Wu, et al., 1977 | LLK |
| 5.39172 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A.,
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Hicks, 1963
Hicks, W.T.,
Evaluation of Vapor-Pressure Data of Mercury, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium,
J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 38, 8, 1873-1880, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1733889
. [all data]
Hartmann and Schneider, 1929
Hartmann, H.; Schneider, R.,
Die Siedetemperaturen von Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium and Lithium,
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1929, 180, 1, 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19291800129
. [all data]
Smith and Patrick, 1983
Smith, G.P.; Patrick, R.,
Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1983, 15, 167. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Dugourd, Rayane, et al., 1992
Dugourd, P.; Rayane, D.; Labastie, P.; Vezin, B.; Chevaleyre, J.; Broyer, M.,
Measurements of lithium cluster ionization potentials,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1992, 197, 433. [all data]
Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L.,
Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]
Nakagawa, Asano, et al., 1981
Nakagawa, H.; Asano, M.; Kubo, K.,
Mass spectrometric study of the vaporization of lithium metasilicate,
J. Nucl. Mater., 1981, 102, 292. [all data]
Zmbov, Wu, et al., 1977
Zmbov, K.F.; Wu, C.H.; Ihle, H.R.,
A mass spectrometric study of heteronuclear diatomic alkali metal molecules. Dissociation energies ionization potentials of NaLi, KLi, NaK,
J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 4603. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) S°liquid,1 bar Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar) S°solid Entropy of solid at standard conditions S°solid,1 bar Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar) ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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