Krypton

• Formula: Kr
• Molecular weight: 83.798
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Kr Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7439-90-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Other names: Kr; UN 1056; UN 1970
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cs⁺ + Kr = (Cs⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃⁺ + Kr = (CH₃⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + Kr = (Na⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + Kr = (Cl^- • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + Kr = (Br^- • Kr)

Kr⁺ +  = (Kr⁺ • )

By formula: Kr⁺ + Kr = (Kr⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + Kr = (K⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + Kr = (Cu⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + Kr = (Li⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Rb⁺ + Kr = (Rb⁺ • Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 2) +  = (Kr⁺ • 3)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 2Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 3Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 3) +  = (Kr⁺ • 4)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 3Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 4Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 4) +  = (Kr⁺ • 5)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 4Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 5Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 5) +  = (Kr⁺ • 6)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 5Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 6Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + Kr = (NO^- • Kr)

Xe⁺ +  = (Xe⁺ • )

By formula: Xe⁺ + Kr = (Xe⁺ • Kr)

H₂O⁺ +  = (H₂O⁺ • )

By formula: H₂O⁺ + Kr = (H₂O⁺ • Kr)

Enthalpy of reaction

O₂S⁺ +  = (O₂S⁺ • )

By formula: O₂S⁺ + Kr = (O₂S⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + Kr = (I^- • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂⁺ + Kr = (O₂⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CO₂⁺ + Kr = (CO₂⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + Kr = (Fe⁺ • Kr)

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to Kr⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + Kr = (Br^- • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃⁺ + Kr = (CH₃⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CO₂⁺ + Kr = (CO₂⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + Kr = (Cl^- • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cs⁺ + Kr = (Cs⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + Kr = (Cu⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + Kr = (Fe⁺ • Kr)

H₂O⁺ +  = (H₂O⁺ • )

By formula: H₂O⁺ + Kr = (H₂O⁺ • Kr)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + Kr = (I^- • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + Kr = (K⁺ • Kr)

Kr⁺ +  = (Kr⁺ • )

By formula: Kr⁺ + Kr = (Kr⁺ • Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 2) +  = (Kr⁺ • 3)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 2Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 3Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 3) +  = (Kr⁺ • 4)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 3Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 4Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 4) +  = (Kr⁺ • 5)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 4Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 5Kr)

(Kr⁺ • 5) +  = (Kr⁺ • 6)

By formula: (Kr⁺ • 5Kr) + Kr = (Kr⁺ • 6Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + Kr = (Li⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + Kr = (NO^- • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + Kr = (Na⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂⁺ + Kr = (O₂⁺ • Kr)

O₂S⁺ +  = (O₂S⁺ • )

By formula: O₂S⁺ + Kr = (O₂S⁺ • Kr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Rb⁺ + Kr = (Rb⁺ • Kr)

Xe⁺ +  = (Xe⁺ • )

By formula: Xe⁺ + Kr = (Xe⁺ • Kr)

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Site Links, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
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Ziegler, Yarbrough, et al., 1964
Ziegler, W.T.; Yarbrough, D.W.; Mullins, J.C., Calculation of the Vapor Pressure and Heats of Vaporization and Sublimation of Liquids and Solids below One Atmosphere Pressure. VI. Krypton, Ga. Inst. Technol., Eng. Exp. Stn., Proj. A-764, Tech. Rep. No. 1, 1964. [all data]

Lahr and Eversole, 1962
Lahr, P.H.; Eversole, W.G., Compression Isotherms of Argon, Krypton, and Xenon Through the Freezing Zone, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1962, 7, 42-47. [all data]

Clusius and Weigand, 1940
Clusius, K.; Weigand, K., Melting Curves of the Gases A, Kr, Xe, CH4, CH3D, CD4, C2H4, C2H6, COS, and PH3 to 200 Atmospheres Pressure. The Chane of Volume on Melting, Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. B, 1940, 46, 1-37. [all data]

Theeuwes and Bearman, 1970
Theeuwes, F.; Bearman, R.J., The p,V,T behaviour of dense fluids III. The vapor pressure and orthobaric densities of krypton, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 179-85. [all data]

Theeuwes and Bearman, 1970, 2
Theeuwes, F.; Bearman, R.J., The p,V,T Behavior of Dense Fluids. III. The Vapor Pressure and Orthobaric Density of Krypton, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 2, 179-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(70)90081-9 . [all data]

Gatland, 1984
Gatland, I.R., Swarms of Ions and Electrons in Gases, W. Lindinger, T. D. Mark and F. Howorka, eds. (Springer, New York, 1984, 1984, 44. [all data]

Gislason, 1984
Gislason, E.A., Quoted in I. R. Gatland in Swarms of Ions and Electrons in Gases, W. Lindinger, T. D. Mark and F. Howorka, eds. (Springer, New York, 1984, 1984, 44. [all data]

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Viehland, L.A., Interaction Potentials for Li+ - Rare - Gas Systems, Chem. Phys., 1984, 78, 2, 279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(83)85114-3 . [all data]

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McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988
McMahon, T.; Heinis, T.; Nicol, G.; Hovey, J.K.; Kebarle, P., Methyl Cation Affinities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7591, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a002 . [all data]

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Foster, M.S.; Williamson, A.D.; Beauchamp, J.L., Photoionization mass spectrometry of trans-azomethane, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 15, 429. [all data]

Hovey and McMahon, 1987
Hovey, J.K.; McMahon, T.B., Bond Strength in the Methylkryptonium Ion Determined from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Methyl Cation Exchange Equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 17, 4560, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100301a028 . [all data]

McKnight and Sawina, 1973
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Yourshaw, Lenzer, et al., 1998
Yourshaw, I.; Lenzer, T.; Reiser, G.; Neumark, D.M., Zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy of the KrBr-, XeBr-, and KrCl- anions, J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 109, 13, 5247-5256, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.477141 . [all data]

Wada, Kikkawa, et al., 2007
Wada, A.; Kikkawa, A.; Sugiyama, T.; Hiraoka, K., Thermochemical Stabilities of the Gas-phase Cluster Ions of Halide Ions with Rare Gas Atoms, Int. J. Mass Spectrom.., 2007, 267, 1-3, 284-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.02.053 . [all data]

Gatland, 1984, 2
Gatland, I.R., Determination of Ion-Atom Potentials from Mobility Experiments. in Swarms of Ions and Electrons In Gases, W. Lindinger, Ed., Springer-Verlag, NY,, 1984, 44. [all data]

Dehmer and Pratt, 1982
Dehmer, P.M.; Pratt, S.T., Photoionization of ArKr, ArXe, and KrXe and bond dissociation energies of the rare gas dimer ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4804. [all data]

Abouaf, Huber, et al., 1978
Abouaf, R.; Huber, B.A.; Cosby, P.C.; Saxon, R.P.; Moseley, J.T., Photofragment Spectroscopy and Potential Curves of Kr2+, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 5, 2406, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.436011 . [all data]

Ng, Trevor, et al., 1977
Ng, C.Y.; Trevor, D.J.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Photoionization Studies of the Kr2 and Ar2 van der Vaals Molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 2, 446, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433989 . [all data]

Mittman and Weise, 1974
Mittman, H.U.; Weise, H.P., Scattering of Ions V. Elastic Scattering of the Symmetric Rare Gas Ion - Rare Gas Atom Systems, Z. Naturforsch., 1974, A29, 400. [all data]

El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989
El-Shall, M.S.; Schriver, K.E.; Whetten, R.L.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion/Molecule Clustering Thermochemistry by Laser Ionization High - Pressure Mass Spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 24, 7969, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100361a002 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Mori, 1990
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Hendricks, de Clercq, et al., 2002
Hendricks, J.H.; de Clercq, H.L.; Freidhoff, C.B.; Arnold, S.T.; Eaton, J.G.; Fancher, C.; Lyapustina, S.A.; S., Anion solvation at the microscopic level: Photoelectron spectroscopy of the solvated anion clusters, NO-(Y)(n), where Y=Ar, Kr, Xe, N2O, H2S, NH3, H2O, and C2H4(OH)(2), J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 18, 7926-7938, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1457444 . [all data]

Bowen and Eaton, 1988
Bowen, K.H.; Eaton, J.G., Photodetachment Spectroscopy of Negative Cluster Ions, in The Structure of Small Molecules and Ions, Ed. R. Naaman, Z. Vager, Plenum NY, 1988, 1988, p.147-169. [all data]

Ng, Tiedemann, et al., 1977
Ng, C.Y.; Tiedemann, P.W.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Photoionization Studies of the Diatomic Internuclear Rare Gas Molecules XeKr, XeAr, and KrAr, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 12, 5737, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433848 . [all data]

Kim, Kuo, et al., 1990
Kim, H.S.; Kuo, C.H.; Bowers, M.T., Photodissociation Dynamics of Water Containing Clusters. I. Kr.H2O+, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 8, 5594, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459630 . [all data]

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Kim, H.S.; Jarrold, M.F.; Bowers, M.T., Photodissociation of Weakly Bound Ion-Molecule Clusters: Kr.SO2+, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 90, 16, 3584, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100407a024 . [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Site Links, NIST Free Links, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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