Ethanol

Formula: C₂H₆O
Molecular weight: 46.0684
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 64-17-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
Other names: Ethyl alcohol; Alcohol; Alcohol anhydrous; Algrain; Anhydrol; Denatured ethanol; Ethyl hydrate; Ethyl hydroxide; Jaysol; Jaysol S; Methylcarbinol; SD Alchol 23-hydrogen; Tecsol; C2H5OH; Absolute ethanol; Cologne spirit; Fermentation alcohol; Grain alcohol; Molasses alcohol; Potato alcohol; Aethanol; Aethylalkohol; Alcohol, dehydrated; Alcool ethylique; Alcool etilico; Alkohol; Cologne spirits; Denatured alcohol CD-10; Denatured alcohol CD-5; Denatured alcohol CD-5a; Denatured alcohol SD-1; Denatured alcohol SD-13a; Denatured alcohol SD-17; Denatured alcohol SD-23a; Denatured alcohol SD-28; Denatured alcohol SD-3a; Denatured alcohol SD-30; Denatured alcohol SD-39b; Denatured alcohol SD-39c; Denatured alcohol SD-40m; Etanolo; Ethanol 200 proof; Ethyl alc; Etylowy alkohol; EtOH; NCI-C03134; Spirits of wine; Spirt; Alkoholu etylowego; Ethyl alcohol anhydrous; SD alcohol 23-hydrogen; UN 1170; Tecsol C; Alcare Hand Degermer; Absolute alcohol; Denatured alcohol; Ethanol, silent spirit; Ethylol; Punctilious ethyl alcohol; SD 3A
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Condensed phase thermochemistry data
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 77
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

C₂H₇O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.0	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Δ_rH°	32.2	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Δ_rS°	28.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	23.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Δ_rG°	23.7	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₂H₅O^- + Ethanol = (C₂H₅O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₅O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	28.1 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; re-evaluated using Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986 and Paul and Kebarle, 1990; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.6 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	19.0 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Δ_rG°	20.1	kcal/mol	ICR	McIver, Scott, et al., 1973	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

C₂H₅NaO (cr) + 0.5( • 1100) (solution) = Ethanol (solution) + 0.5 (solution)

By formula: C₂H₅NaO (cr) + 0.5(H₂O₄S • 1100H₂O) (solution) = C₂H₆O (solution) + 0.5Na₂O₄S (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-28.30 ± 0.91	kcal/mol	RSC	Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974	solvent: Sulphuric acid aqueous solution; The reaction enthalpy relies on -2.53 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of solution of EtOH(l) and on 9.97±0.04 for the enthalpy of solution of Na2SO4(cr) Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974. A value of -117.3 ± 1.4 kcal/mol was derived in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974 for the enthalpy of formation. However, this value is affected by a calculation error. Also, the authors have not accounted for the acid dilution (this correction could not be made in the present database, due to lack of information). These problems were also noted in the data compilations Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1980 and Wagman, Evans W.H., et al., 1982, where the values quoted for the enthalpy of formation, which rely on the experimental data reported in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974, are -98.0 ± 1.0 kcal/mol and -98.90 kcal/mol, respectively. See also comments in Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995; MS

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.90 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	17.60 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, 1987	gas phase; B,B,M
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.65	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	295.	ICR	Riveros, 1974	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3OH; Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973; M

C₂H₅O^- + = Ethanol

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	379.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	D-EA	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	378.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rH°	377.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	379.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	372.6 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	371.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rG°	370.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

C₂H₅O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₂H₅O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.7	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	22.0	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C₄H₉O^- + Ethanol = (C₄H₉O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₄H₉O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₄H₉O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.6 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; re-evaluated using Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986 and Paul and Kebarle, 1990; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M

C₃H₇O^- + Ethanol = (C₃H₇O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₇O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₇O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; re-evaluated using Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986 and Paul and Kebarle, 1990; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	18.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31.9	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	23.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₆O = (F^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.40 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	31.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	32.5 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	24.74	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	24.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M

CN^- + Ethanol = (CN^- • Ethanol )

By formula: CN^- + C₂H₆O = (CN^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	17.4 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CN-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: I^- + C₂H₆O = (I^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.11	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Tanabe, Morgon, et al., 1996	gas phase; Anchored to H2O..I- of Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984; B

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	42.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CH3)3Si+))H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CH3)3Si+))H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
27.9	468.	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CH3)3Si+))H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

HS^- + Ethanol = (HS^- • Ethanol )

By formula: HS^- + C₂H₆O = (HS^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.60 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
17.9	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₅H₁₁O^- + Ethanol = (C₅H₁₁O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₅H₁₁O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₅H₁₁O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.3 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

( • 2 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 3 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 3C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.90 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.16	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 2 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 2C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.34	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 9 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 10 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 9C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 10C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

( • 8 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 9 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 8C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 9C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

CH₆N⁺ + Ethanol = (CH₆N⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₂H₆O = (CH₆N⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.9	496.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.3 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	24.4 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	24.4 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 1999	RCD

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.0	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD
0.0	0.	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 1999	RCD

( • Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 2 Ethanol )

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.7 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	23.1 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	23.7 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	23.3 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD

C₂H₅LiO (cr) + 0.5( • 1100) (solution) = 0.5Li₂O₄S (solution) + Ethanol (solution)

By formula: C₂H₅LiO (cr) + 0.5(H₂O₄S • 1100H₂O) (solution) = 0.5Li₂O₄S (solution) + C₂H₆O (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-27.15 ± 0.31	kcal/mol	RSC	Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974	solvent: Sulphuric acid aqueous solution; The reaction enthalpy relies on -2.53 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of solution of EtOH(l) and on -17.5±0.3 for the enthalpy of solution of Li2SO4(cr) Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974.; MS

C₂H₅KO (cr) + 0.5( • 1100) (solution) = Ethanol (solution) + 0.5K₂O₄S (solution)

By formula: C₂H₅KO (cr) + 0.5(H₂O₄S • 1100H₂O) (solution) = C₂H₆O (solution) + 0.5K₂O₄S (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-31.62 ± 0.69	kcal/mol	RSC	Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974	solvent: Sulphuric acid aqueous solution; The reaction enthalpy relies on -2.53 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of solution of EtOH(l) and on 35.1±0.1 for the enthalpy of solution of K2SO4(cr) Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974.; MS

+ Ethanol = C₂H₆BrO^-

By formula: Br^- + C₂H₆O = C₂H₆BrO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Tanabe, Morgon, et al., 1996	gas phase; Anchored to H2O..Br- of Hiraoka, Mizure, et al., 19882; B

+ = Ethanol

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₄O = C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-19.44 ± 0.34	kcal/mol	Chyd	Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991	liquid phase; solvent: Triglyme; ALS
Δ_rH°	-16.51 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	Chyd	Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1938	gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -16.8 ± 0.1 kcal/mol; At 355 °K; ALS

( • 3 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 4 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 3C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 4C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 4 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 5 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 4C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 5C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 5 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 6 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 5C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 6C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 6 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 7 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 6C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 7C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 7 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 8 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 7C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 8C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.9 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₄O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-7.65	kcal/mol	Cm	Sola, Pericas, et al., 1995	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-7.65	kcal/mol	Kin	Sola, Pericas, et al., 1995	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-14.9 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	Eqk	Iborra, Izquierdo, et al., 1989	gas phase; GC; ALS

C₂H₄NO₂^- + Ethanol = C₄H₁₀NO₃^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₂^- + C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₀NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.57 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B

+ 2 Ethanol = C₄H₁₂IO₂^-

By formula: I^- + 2C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₂IO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.42	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ 2 Ethanol = C₄H₁₂BrO₂^-

By formula: Br^- + 2C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₂BrO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.50 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.72	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ 3 Ethanol = C₆H₁₈IO₃^-

By formula: I^- + 3C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₈IO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.51	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ 3 Ethanol = C₆H₁₈BrO₃^-

By formula: Br^- + 3C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₈BrO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.37	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₂H₆FO^- + 2 Ethanol = C₄H₁₂FO₂^-

By formula: C₂H₆FO^- + 2C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₂FO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

Ethanol + = +

By formula: C₂H₆O + C₃H₆O₂ = C₅H₁₀O₂ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-5.40 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	Eqk	Essex and Sandholzer, 1938	liquid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -5.627 kcal/mol; ALS

C₄H₁₂FO₂^- + 3 Ethanol = C₆H₁₈FO₃^-

By formula: C₄H₁₂FO₂^- + 3C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₈FO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.60 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.12	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol = C₈H₁₁O₂^-

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + C₂H₆O = C₈H₁₁O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.2 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₆H₅O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

4 Ethanol (l) + (l) = (l) + 4( • 51.3) (solution)

By formula: 4C₂H₆O (l) + Cl₄Ti (l) = C₈H₂₀O₄Ti (l) + 4(HCl • 51.3H₂O) (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-49.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	RSC	Bradley and Hillyer, 1966	Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977.; MS

+ Ethanol = C₂H₅D₆FO^-

By formula: F^- + C₂H₆O = C₂H₅D₆FO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	23.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Wilkinson, Szulejko, et al., 1992	gas phase; Reported relative to ROH..F-, 0.5 kcal/mol weaker.; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Mg⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	63. ± 5.	kcal/mol	ICR	Operti, Tews, et al., 1988	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

3 + = CNa₂O₃ + Ethanol + +

By formula: 3HNaO + C₃H₅ClO₂ = CNa₂O₃ + C₂H₆O + ClNa + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-77.27 ± 0.41	kcal/mol	Cm	Davies, Finch, et al., 1980	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + + Ethanol

By formula: C₉H₁₆N₂O₂ + H₂O = C₄H₈O₂ + C₃H₄N₂ + C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-10.68 ± 0.16	kcal/mol	Cm	Guthrie and Pike, 1987	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
120.		Q	N/A	missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
200.		X	N/A
190.	6600.	M	N/A
200.		X	N/A	Value given here as quoted by missing citation.
230.		M	N/A
150.	6400.	X	N/A
220.		M	N/A
160.		M,X	Timmermans, 1960	Value given here as quoted by missing citation.
190.		M	Butler, Ramchandani, et al., 1935

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₂H₆O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.48 ± 0.07	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	185.6	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	178.	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol)	Reference	Comment
186.3 ± 0.2	Tabrizchi and Shooshtari, 2003	T = 403-453K; Authors report only relative PAs. Absolute values are referenced here to PA(CH3COOC2H5) = 835.7 kJ/mol as listed in Hunter and Lias, 1998, although average PA(CH3COOC2H5) from the literature sources in Hunter and Lias, 1998 is 831.0 kJ/mol; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.41 ± 0.05	EI	Holmes and Lossing, 1991	LL
10.4	PE	Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985	LBLHLM
10.47 ± 0.07	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
10.3	PE	Ohno, Imai, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
10.5	EI	Mishchanchuk, Pokrovskii, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
10.7	PE	Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980	LLK
10.49 ± 0.01	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
10.46 ± 0.02	PE	Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971	LLK
10.65	PE	Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971	LLK
10.46	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
10.47 ± 0.02	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
10.48 ± 0.05	PI	Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962	RDSH
10.64	PE	Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985	Vertical value; LBLHLM
10.64	PE	Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980	Vertical value; LLK
10.65	PE	Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980	Vertical value; LLK
10.61	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
10.65 ± 0.03	PE	Peel and Willett, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
10.59	PE	Vovna, Lopatin, et al., 1974	Vertical value; LLK
10.04	PE	Schweig and Thiel, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
10.62	PE	Robin and Kuebler, 1973	Vertical value; LLK
10.64	PE	Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C⁺	22.9 ± 0.5	H₂+H+CH₂OH	EI	Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988	LL
CH₂O⁺	11.70	CH₄	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
CH₃⁺	14.70 ± 0.10	?	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH
CH₃O⁺	11.25 ± 0.09	CH₃	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
CH₃O⁺	11.40 ± 0.06	CH₃	EI	Selim and Helal, 1981	LLK
CH₃O⁺	11.30	CH₃	EI	Lossing, 1977	LLK
CH₃O⁺	11.20 ± 0.05	CH₃	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
CH₃O⁺	11.25	CH₃	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	14.7	?	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₂H₃O⁺	14.5	H₂+H	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₂H₄⁺	12.0 ± 0.9	H₂O	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₂H₄⁺	12.0	H₂O	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₄O⁺	~10.45	H₂	EI	Holmes, Terlouw, et al., 1976	LLK
C₂H₅⁺	12.7	OH	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺	10.78 ± 0.09	H	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₂H₅O⁺	10.6	H	EI	Mishchanchuk, Pokrovskii, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
C₂H₅O⁺	10.67	H	EI	Lossing, 1977	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	10.75 ± 0.03	H	EI	Solka and Russell, 1974	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	10.80 ± 0.05	H	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	10.78 ± 0.02	H	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺[CH₃CHOH⁺]	10.801 ± 0.005	H	PI	Ruscic and Berkowitz, 1994	T = 0K; LL
H⁺	21.0 ± 0.5	CH₂+CH₂OH	EI	Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988	LL
H₂O⁺	13.06	C₂H₄	EI	Lewis and Hamill, 1970	RDSH
H₃O⁺	13.8	H₂+C₂H₃	PIPECO	Niwa, Nishimura, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
H₃O⁺	14.30 ± 0.02	?	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969, 2	RDSH
O⁺	21.7 ± 0.5	2CH₃	EI	Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988	LL

De-protonation reactions

C₂H₅O^- + = Ethanol

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	379.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	D-EA	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	378.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rH°	377.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	379.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	372.6 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	371.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rG°	370.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Anion protonation reactions

C₂H₅O^- + = Ethanol

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	379.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	D-EA	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	378.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rH°	377.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	379.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	372.6 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	371.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rG°	370.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Ethanol = C₂H₆BrO^-

By formula: Br^- + C₂H₆O = C₂H₆BrO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Tanabe, Morgon, et al., 1996	gas phase; Anchored to H2O..Br- of Hiraoka, Mizure, et al., 19882; B

+ 2 Ethanol = C₄H₁₂BrO₂^-

By formula: Br^- + 2C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₂BrO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.50 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.72	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ 3 Ethanol = C₆H₁₈BrO₃^-

By formula: Br^- + 3C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₈BrO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.37	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

CH₆N⁺ + Ethanol = (CH₆N⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₂H₆O = (CH₆N⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.9	496.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CN^- + Ethanol = (CN^- • Ethanol )

By formula: CN^- + C₂H₆O = (CN^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	17.4 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CN-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.9 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

C₂H₄NO₂^- + Ethanol = C₄H₁₀NO₃^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₂^- + C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₀NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.57 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B

C₂H₅O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₂H₅O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.7	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C₂H₅O^- + Ethanol = (C₂H₅O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₅O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	28.1 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; re-evaluated using Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986 and Paul and Kebarle, 1990; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.6 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	19.0 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Δ_rG°	20.1	kcal/mol	ICR	McIver, Scott, et al., 1973	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

C₂H₆FO^- + 2 Ethanol = C₄H₁₂FO₂^-

By formula: C₂H₆FO^- + 2C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₂FO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₂H₇O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.0	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Δ_rH°	32.2	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Δ_rS°	28.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	23.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Δ_rG°	23.7	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₃H₇O^- + Ethanol = (C₃H₇O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₇O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₇O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; re-evaluated using Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986 and Paul and Kebarle, 1990; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	18.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	22.0	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31.9	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	23.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Bomse and Beauchamp, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	42.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CH3)3Si+))H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CH3)3Si+))H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
27.9	468.	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CH3)3Si+))H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + Ethanol = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • Ethanol )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
17.9	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₉O^- + Ethanol = (C₄H₉O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₄H₉O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₄H₉O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.6 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3O-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; re-evaluated using Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986 and Paul and Kebarle, 1990; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B,M

C₄H₁₂FO₂^- + 3 Ethanol = C₆H₁₈FO₃^-

By formula: C₄H₁₂FO₂^- + 3C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₈FO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.60 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.12	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₅H₁₁O^- + Ethanol = (C₅H₁₁O^- • Ethanol )

By formula: C₅H₁₁O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₅H₁₁O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.3 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Caldwell, Rozeboom, et al., 1984	gas phase; Reanchored to average data from Paul and Kebarle, 1990 and Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + C₂H₆O = (C₆H₅O^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

+ Ethanol = C₈H₁₁O₂^-

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + C₂H₆O = C₈H₁₁O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.2 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.90 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	17.60 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, 1987	gas phase; B,B,M
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.65	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	295.	ICR	Riveros, 1974	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3OH; Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973; M

( • Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 2 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 2C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.34	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 2 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 3 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 3C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.90 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.16	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 3 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 4 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 3C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 4C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 4 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 5 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 4C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 5C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 5 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 6 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 5C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 6C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 6 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 7 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 6C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 7C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 7 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 8 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 7C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 8C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 8 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 9 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 8C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 9C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

( • 9 Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 10 Ethanol )

By formula: (Cl^- • 9C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cl^- • 10C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

+ Ethanol = C₂H₅D₆FO^-

By formula: F^- + C₂H₆O = C₂H₅D₆FO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	23.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Wilkinson, Szulejko, et al., 1992	gas phase; Reported relative to ROH..F-, 0.5 kcal/mol weaker.; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₆O = (F^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.40 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	31.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	32.5 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	24.74	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	24.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M

HS^- + Ethanol = (HS^- • Ethanol )

By formula: HS^- + C₂H₆O = (HS^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.60 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	10.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: I^- + C₂H₆O = (I^- • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.11	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Tanabe, Morgon, et al., 1996	gas phase; Anchored to H2O..I- of Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984; B

+ 2 Ethanol = C₄H₁₂IO₂^-

By formula: I^- + 2C₂H₆O = C₄H₁₂IO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.42	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ 3 Ethanol = C₆H₁₈IO₃^-

By formula: I^- + 3C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₈IO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.51	kcal/mol	TDAs	Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Li⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	39.2 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Mg⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	63. ± 5.	kcal/mol	ICR	Operti, Tews, et al., 1988	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

+ Ethanol = ( • Ethanol )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.3 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	24.4 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	24.4 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 1999	RCD

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.0	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD
0.0	0.	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 1999	RCD

( • Ethanol ) + Ethanol = ( • 2 Ethanol )

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.7 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	23.1 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	23.7 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	23.3 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

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Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
T	Temperature
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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