3,3'-Dimethylbiphenyl
- Formula: C14H14
- Molecular weight: 182.2610
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14/c1-11-5-3-7-13(9-11)14-8-4-6-12(2)10-14/h3-10H,1-2H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GVEDOIATHPCYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 612-75-9
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: 1,1'-Biphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-; m,m'-Bitolyl; 3,3'-Ditolyl; 3,3'-Dimethyldiphenyl; 3,3-Dimethyldiphenyl; 1-Methyl-3-(3'-methylphenyl)benzene; Biphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-; 3,3'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl; Diphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.70 ± 0.05 | EI | Loudon and Mazengo, 1974 | LLK |
| 7.85 ± 0.02 | PE | Maier and Turner, 1972 | LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
| Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C13H11+ | 13.4 ± 0.2 | CH3 | EI | Loudon and Mazengo, 1974 | LLK |
| C14H13+ | 13.0 ± 0.2 | H | EI | Loudon and Mazengo, 1974 | LLK |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
| Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| Origin | Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-8383 |
| NIST MS number | 229735 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | OV-1 | 160. | 1591. | Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2 |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | SP-1000 | 185. | 2254. | Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | SP-1000 | 200. | 2212. | Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1589.0 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1588.6 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1580.2 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1589.0 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1594.2 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1589.0 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1588.6 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1580.2 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1589. | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1594.2 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1597. | Rostad and Pereira, 1986 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | SE-52 | 1574. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 33.3 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 2209. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 2209. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 2208. | Chung, 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | Polydimethyl siloxane | 183. | 1580. | Ferrand, 1962 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1594. | Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C |
| Capillary | Ultra-1 | 1570. | Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 271.27 | Rostad and Pereira, 1986 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 270.79 | Tong, Centen, et al., 1985 | He, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 90. C; Tend: 325. C |
| Capillary | SE-52 | 271.87 | Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979 | 12. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 271.87 | Tong, Centen, et al., 1985 | He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Loudon and Mazengo, 1974
Loudon, A.G.; Mazengo, R.Z.,
Steric strain and electron-impact. The behaviour of some n, n'-dimethyl- 1,1-binaphthyls, some n, n'-dimethylbiphenyls and model compounds,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 179. [all data]
Maier and Turner, 1972
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W.,
Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part I. Biphenyls,
Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 149. [all data]
Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997
Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S.,
Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions,
Fuel, 1997, 76, 5, 415-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)85518-4
. [all data]
Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974
Kríz, J.; Popl, M.; Mostecký, J.,
Retention indices of biphenyls and diphenylalkanes,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 97, 1, 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97577-6
. [all data]
Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B.,
Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils
in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]
Lai and Song, 1995
Lai, W.-C.; Song, C.,
Temperature-programmed retention indices for g.c. and g.c.-m.s. analysis of coal- and petroleum-derived liquid fuels,
Fuel, 1995, 74, 10, 1436-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00108-H
. [all data]
Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E.,
Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603
. [all data]
Beernaert, 1979
Beernaert, H.,
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Polyclylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Chromatogr., 1979, 173, 1, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80450-7
. [all data]
Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S.,
Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,
Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7
. [all data]
Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S.,
Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a
. [all data]
Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y.,
Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t
. [all data]
Ferrand, 1962
Ferrand, R.,
Gas phase chromatography using retention indices for the analysis of tars and their hydrogenation products,
Journees internationales d'etude des methodes de separation immediate at de chromatographie; Org. sur l'initiative du IX., 1962, 132-140. [all data]
Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R.,
Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae),
Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168
. [all data]
Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996
Elizalde-González, M.P.; Hutfliess, M.; Hedden, K.,
Retention index system, adsorption characteristics, and sructure correlations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuels,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190608
. [all data]
Tong, Centen, et al., 1985
Tong, H.Y.; Centen, J.D.; Karasek, F.W.; Jellum, E.; Helland, P.,
Identification of Trace Organic Compounds in Dimethyl Sulphoxide Solution Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 324, 373-383, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81336-4
. [all data]
Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M.,
Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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