Pentane, 2,3,4-trimethyl-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-217.4 ± 1.7kJ/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas427.2 ± 1.3J/mol*KN/APitzer K.S., 1941GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
233.50 ± 0.47373.15Hossenlopp I.A., 1981Please also see Pitzer K.S., 1941, Barrow G.M., 1951.; GT
246.46 ± 0.49398.15
248.11402.8
251.5 ± 2.5417.0
258.52 ± 0.52423.15
271.05 ± 0.54448.15
276.98463.6
283.03 ± 0.57473.15
293.98 ± 0.59498.15
303.34521.6
304.96 ± 0.61523.15

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
123.68200.Scott D.W., 1974Recommended values were obtained from the consistent correlation scheme for alkanes [ Scott D.W., 1974, 2, Scott D.W., 1974]. This approach gives a good agreement with experimental data available for alkanes. However, large uncertainties could be expected at high temperatures.; GT
176.19273.15
191.6 ± 0.6298.15
192.72300.
247.69400.
294.43500.
334.30600.
369.03700.
398.74800.
424.68900.
447.271000.
467.351100.
484.511200.
502.081300.
514.631400.
527.181500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-255.2 ± 1.7kJ/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-5465.5 ± 1.6kJ/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945Corresponding Δfliquid = -255.1 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid329.32J/mol*KN/APitzer and Scott, 1941DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
247.32298.15Osborne and Ginnings, 1947T = 278 to 318 K.; DH
246.23293.79Pitzer and Scott, 1941T = 14 to 325 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil386.8 ± 0.3KAVGN/AAverage of 18 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus163.8 ± 0.4KAVGN/AAverage of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple163.63KN/APitzer and Scott, 1941, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.12 K; measured in calorimeter, extrap. to 1/F=0; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc566.4 ± 0.5KN/ADaubert, 1996 
Tc566.3KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Tc566.34KN/AMcMicking and Kay, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc27.3 ± 0.4barN/ADaubert, 1996 
Pc27.298barN/AMcMicking and Kay, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4053 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.460l/molN/ADaubert, 1996 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc2.17 ± 0.04mol/lN/ADaubert, 1996 
ρc2.17mol/lN/AMcMicking and Kay, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap37.82kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap37.7 ± 0.1kJ/molCHossenlopp and Scott, 1981AC
Δvap37.7kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC
Δvap37.7 ± 0.1kJ/molCOsborne and Ginnings, 1947, 2AC
Δvap37.70kJ/molCOsborne and Ginnings, 1947ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
32.36386.6N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
37.7303.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 288. - 400. K.; AC
39.1274.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 223. - 289. K.; AC
41.3238.IP,EBOsborn and Douslin, 1974Based on data from 223. - 426. K.; AC
39.8263.IPOsborn and Douslin, 1974Based on data from 223. - 278. K.; AC
36.7325.MMWillingham, Taylor, et al., 1945Based on data from 310. - 388. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. - 414.53.740.2772566.3Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
222.83 - 426.324.156311420.71-44.618Osborn and Douslin, 1974Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
309.72 - 387.533.978861315.084-55.624Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
9.268163.63Pitzer and Scott, 1941DH
9.27163.6Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
56.64163.63Pitzer and Scott, 1941DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Octane = Pentane, 2,3,4-trimethyl-

By formula: C8H18 = C8H18

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-5.2 ± 1.3kJ/molCisoProsen and Rossini, 1945, 2liquid phase; Calculated from ΔHc

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
0.00056 QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.00053 LN/A 

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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IR spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract
State gas

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1990.
NIST MS number 114222

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.747.1Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10160.750.2Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.765.1Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000He; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryOV-1010.743.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-1010.745.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-101150.765.6Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.771.3Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane25.749.Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.764.2Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryBP-10.743.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2
PackedApolane130.765.Dutoit, 1991Column length: 3.7 m
CapillaryOV-160.752.Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989 
CapillaryOV-10140.748.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.750.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.754.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillarySqualane50.751.6Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.755.05Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.748.4Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.749.8Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.751.2Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.752.7Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10130.747.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.748.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.749.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.750.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.752.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.754.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-330.748.3Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-340.749.6Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-350.751.0Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-360.752.5Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-370.754.0Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-380.755.6Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryDB-160.751.9Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.751.9Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillaryOV-10150.750.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.750.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillarySF-9650.750.Johansen and Ettre, 198291.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-130.748.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-140.749.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-150.751.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-160.752.9Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-170.754.6Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-180.756.4Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3030.747.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3040.748.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3050.749.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3060.750.1Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3070.751.1Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3080.752.Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
PackedTriacontane80.755.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.756.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-180.754.Dimov and Papazova, 1979Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m
PackedSE-3080.754.Dimov and Papazova, 1979Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m
CapillarySqualane60.754.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
PackedApolane70.755.5Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
CapillarySqualane50.752.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.755.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.750.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10150.750.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10160.752.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10160.752.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.748.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.750.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.751.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.752.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.754.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillarySqualane70.752.5Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3080.754.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane25.748.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane80.758.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
CapillarySqualane40.751.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.749.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.752.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.755.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.757.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane30.750.5Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
PackedSqualane50.753.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
CapillarySqualane30.750.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.752.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.756.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane40.751.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.754.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.756.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101743.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L753.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100746.7Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1752.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5759.Insausti, Goñi, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 35. C @ 15. min, 8. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-1743.63LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillaryOV-101747.6Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH744.80Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryUltra-1748.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH745.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryOV-101743.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone757.70Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
CapillaryOV-101748.Wu and Lu, 1984Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.748.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.752.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.749.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillaryOV-10170.752.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillarySqualane100.759.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane70.755.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane86.746.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB752.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH750.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillarySE-54749.Guan, Li, et al., 199560. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1751.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySF-96750.Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone757.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone752.Feng and Mu, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone754.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryOV-101754.Du and Liang, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes748.Yin, Guo, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone746.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1746.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101743.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane744.Petrov, 1984Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.743.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.744.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.750.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30761.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane760.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)
PackedSE-30761.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C)
PackedSqualane760.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
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Pitzer K.S., 1941
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Hossenlopp I.A., 1981
Hossenlopp I.A., Vapor heat capacities and enthalpies of vaporization of five alkane hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 415-421. [all data]

Barrow G.M., 1951
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Scott D.W., 1974
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Pitzer and Scott, 1941
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Osborne and Ginnings, 1947
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Pitzer and Scott, 1941, 2
Pitzer, K.S.; Scott, D.W., The Thermodynamics of Branched-Chain Paraffins. The HEat Capacity, Heat of Fusion and Vaporization, and Entropy of 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 2419-22. [all data]

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McMicking and Kay, 1965
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Hossenlopp and Scott, 1981
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Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Osborne and Ginnings, 1947, 2
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Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

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Dutoit, 1991
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Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989
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Laub and Purnell, 1988
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Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L., Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]

Boneva and Dimov, 1986
Boneva, S.; Dimov, N., Unified retention index of hydrocarbons separated on dimethylsilicone OV-101, Chromatographia, 1986, 21, 12, 697-700, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02313682 . [all data]

Chien, Furio, et al., 1983
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-101 and SP-2100 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 10, 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061013 . [all data]

Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific retention volumes and retention indices of selected hydrocarbon solutes with OV-3, OV-7, OV-11, OV-17, OV-22, and OV-25 polymethylphenylsiloxane solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1983, 6, 12, 669-679, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061207 . [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Johansen and Ettre, 1982
Johansen, N.G.; Ettre, L.S., Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases, Chromatographia, 1982, 15, 10, 625-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488 . [all data]

Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981
Chien, C.-F.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-1 and SE-30 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1981, 4, 10, 539-543, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041017 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Dimov and Papazova, 1979
Dimov, N.; Papazova, D., Calculation of retention indices of isoparaffins on different phases, Chromatographia, 1979, 12, 7, 443-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302987 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973
Pacáková, V.; Hoch, K.; Smolková, E., The Effect of Instrumentation on the Precision of Retention Indexes, Chromatographia, 1973, 6, 7, 320-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269334 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P., Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]

Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D., Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X . [all data]

Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C., Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A., Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A., Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0 . [all data]

Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B., Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
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Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Insausti, Goñi, et al., 2005
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LECO Corporation, 2003
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Yin, Liu, et al., 2001
Yin, C.; Liu, W.; Li, Z.; Pan, Z.; Lin, T.; Zhang, M., Chemometrics to chemical modeling: structural coding in hydrocarbons and retention indices of gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2001, 24, 3, 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010301)24:3<213::AID-JSSC213>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994
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Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 1992
Olson, K.L.; Sinkevitch, R.M.; Sloane, T.M., Speciation and Quantitation of Hydrocarbons in Gasoline Engine Exhaust, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1992, 30, 12, 500-508, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/30.12.500 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
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Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
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Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999
Hassoun, S.; Pilling, M.J.; Bartle, K.D., A catalogue of urban hydrocarbons for the city of Leeds: atmospheric monitoring of volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption-gas chromatography, J. Environ. Monitor., 1999, 1, 5, 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1039/a904879k . [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984
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Li and Deng, 1998
Li, H.; Deng, C., Qualitative analysis of light components of gasoline cracking using Kovats retention indices, J. Instrumental Analysis, 1998, 17, 1, 67-69. [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984, 2
Wu, J.; Lu, W., Kovats indices of C4-C10 hydrocarbons in apolar quartz capillary OV-101, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1984, 1, 1, 11-17. [all data]

Dimov N., 1976
Dimov N., Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis and determination of solute properties. An exact equation for the calculation of the retention indices of isoalkanes on Squalane, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86775-8 . [all data]

Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971
Vigdergauz, M.S.; Martynov, A.A., Some applications of the gas chromatographic linear retention indices, Chromatographia, 1971, 4, 10, 463-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268816 . [all data]

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Guan, Li, et al., 1995
Guan, Y.; Li, L.; Zhou, L., Live retention database for compound identification in capillary gas chromatography, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1995, 13, 5, 851-857. [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
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Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976
Donetzhuber, A.; Johansson, K.; Sandstroem, C., Gas phase characterization of wood, pulp, and paper, Appl. Polymer Symp., 1976, 28, 889-901. [all data]

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Chen, Y.; Feng, C., QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants, Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]

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Spieksma, 1999
Spieksma, W., Determination of vapor liquid equilibrium from the Kovats retention index on dimethylsilicone using the Wilson mixing tool, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 565-588, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19991001)22:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-2 . [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993
Skrbic, B.D.; Cvejanov, J.Dj., Correlation of unified retention indices for OV-101 and squalane, Chromatographia, 1993, 35, 1/2, 109-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02278566 . [all data]

Petrov, 1984
Petrov, A.A., Hydrocarbons of petroleum, Nauka (publishing house), Moscow, 1984, 263. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80001-8 . [all data]

Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., Comparison of isothermal and non-linear temperature programmed gas chromatography. The temperature dependence of the retention indices of a number of hydrocarbons on squalane and SE-30, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80002-X . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References