Pentane, 2,3,3-trimethyl-

Formula: C₈H₁₈
Molecular weight: 114.2285
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H18/c1-6-8(4,5)7(2)3/h7H,6H2,1-5H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OKVWYBALHQFVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 560-21-4
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane; C2H5C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-51.73 ± 0.33	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen and Rossini, 1945

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-60.63 ± 0.33	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen and Rossini, 1945	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1306.64 ± 0.31	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen and Rossini, 1945	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -60.60 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
58.690	298.15	Osborne and Ginnings, 1947	T = 278 to 318 K.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	387.8 ± 0.3	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 18 out of 21 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	172. ± 1.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	573.5 ± 0.5	K	N/A	Daubert, 1996
T_c	573.49	K	N/A	McMicking and Kay, 1965	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	27.8 ± 0.4	atm	N/A	Daubert, 1996
P_c	27.833	atm	N/A	McMicking and Kay, 1965	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4000 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.455	l/mol	N/A	Daubert, 1996
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	2.20 ± 0.04	mol/l	N/A	Daubert, 1996
ρ_c	2.20	mol/l	N/A	McMicking and Kay, 1965	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	8.9 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.677	387.9	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
8.87 ± 0.02	308.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.75 ± 0.02	315.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.60 ± 0.02	323.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.48 ± 0.02	330.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.39 ± 0.02	338.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.32 ± 0.02	348.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.15 ± 0.02	358.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.01 ± 0.02	368.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.82 ± 0.02	308.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.72 ± 0.02	315.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.60 ± 0.02	323.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.48 ± 0.02	330.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.39 ± 0.02	338.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.22 ± 0.02	348.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.10 ± 0.02	358.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
7.96 ± 0.02	368.	C	Svoboda, 1998	AC
8.63	321.	A,MM	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 306. to 384. K. See also Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945.; AC
8.70	323.	A,MM	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 308. to 390. K. See also Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Henry's Law data

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Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.00024		Q	N/A	missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Squalane	100.	761.	Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999
Packed	Squalane	78.5	764.8	Zhang and Lu, 1996
Capillary	Squalane	25.	754.	Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Capillary	DB-1	60.	761.4	Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994	H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	PONA	60.	761.3	Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994	H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
Capillary	PONA	60.	761.4	Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994	H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
Capillary	DB-1	60.	761.4	Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994	H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm
Capillary	OV-101	60.	761.4	Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994	H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
Capillary	OV-1	60.	757.	Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989
Capillary	Squalane	50.	758.5	Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
Capillary	Squalane	70.	762.75	Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
Capillary	DB-1	60.	756.9	Lubeck and Sutton, 1983	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
Capillary	DB-1	60.	757.	Lubeck and Sutton, 1983	60. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
Packed	Triacontane	80.	765.	Castello and D'Amato, 1979	He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	80.	765.	Castello and D'Amato, 1979	He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Capillary	Squalane	60.	761.	Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Capillary	Squalane	50.	759.	Rijks and Cramers, 1974	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	70.	763.	Rijks and Cramers, 1974	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	SF-96	100.	764.53	Castello, Berg, et al., 1973	Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
Packed	SF-96	110.	767.27	Castello, Berg, et al., 1973	Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
Packed	SF-96	120.	769.65	Castello, Berg, et al., 1973	Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
Packed	SF-96	80.	759.95	Castello, Berg, et al., 1973	Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
Packed	SF-96	90.	762.11	Castello, Berg, et al., 1973	Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
Capillary	OV-101	50.	755.	Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973	25. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-101	60.	757.	Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973	25. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
Capillary	Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)	35.	755.	Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Capillary	Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)	45.	757.	Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Capillary	Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)	50.	758.	Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Capillary	Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)	58.	759.	Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Capillary	Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)	68.	761.	Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Capillary	Squalane	70.	759.6	Dimov and Schopov, 1971	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	SE-30	80.	762.	Mitra and Saha, 1970	N2
Packed	Squalane	25.	755.	Mitra and Saha, 1970	N2
Packed	Squalane	80.	765.	Mitra and Saha, 1970	N2
Capillary	Squalane	40.	757.	Matukuma, 1969	N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	27.	754.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	49.	760.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	67.	763.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	86.	767.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	30.	756.	Tourres, 1967	H2; Column length: 10. m
Packed	Squalane	50.	760.	Tourres, 1967	H2; Column length: 10. m
Capillary	Squalane	30.	756.	Tourres, 1967, 2	H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	50.	760.	Tourres, 1967, 2	H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	70.	764.	Tourres, 1967, 2	H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	40.	757.	Evans, 1966	Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
Packed	Squalane	55.	761.	Evans, 1966	Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
Packed	Squalane	70.	764.	Evans, 1966	Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	OV-101	747.	Hayes and Pitzer, 1982	110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Apiezon L	766.	Louis, 1971	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Petrocol DH-100	720.6	Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997	He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
Capillary	DB-1	755.	Hoekman, 1993	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	768.	Insausti, Goñi, et al., 2005	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 35. C @ 15. min, 8. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Petrocol DH	755.4	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	OV-101	747.	Hayes and Pitzer, 1981	108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	763.09	Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999	50. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	50.	759.	N/A	N2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
Capillary	Squalane	100.	770.	Dimov N., 1976
Capillary	Squalane	70.	763.	Dimov N., 1976
Capillary	Squalane	86.	759.	Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971	He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB	758.	Bramston-Cook, 2013	60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
Capillary	OV-101	756.	Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999	50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; T_end: 100. C
Capillary	SE-54	753.	Guan, Li, et al., 1995	60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	767.	Chen and Feng, 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	759.	Feng and Mu, 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	749.	Alissandrakis, Kibaris, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	OV-101	762.	Du and Liang, 2003	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	761.	Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	757.	Zhu and Wang, 2001	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	750.	Spieksma, 1999	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	749.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

Osborne and Ginnings, 1947
Osborne, N.S.; Ginnings, D.C., Measurements of heat of vaporization and heat capacity of a number of hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1947, 39, 453-477. [all data]

Daubert, 1996
Daubert, T.E., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 5. Branched Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 365-372. [all data]

McMicking and Kay, 1965
McMicking, J.H.; Kay, W.B., Vapor Pressures and Saturated Liquid and Vapor Densities of The Isomeric Heptanes and Isomeric Octanes, Proc., Am. Pet. Inst., Sect. 3, 1965, 45, 75-90. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Svoboda, 1998
Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of vaporization, and the cohesive and internal energies of 2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane, and 3-ethylpentane, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1998, 30, 11, 1411-1417, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.1998.0414 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999
Heinzen, V.E.F.; Soares, M.F.; Yunes, R.A., Semi-empirical topological method for the prediction of the chromatographic retention of cis- and trans-alkene isomers and alkanes, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 849, 2, 495-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00530-0 . [all data]

Zhang and Lu, 1996
Zhang, X.; Lu, P., Unified equation between Kováts indices on different stationary phases for select types of compounds, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 731, 1-2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01213-3 . [all data]

Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M., Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 2, 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80515-6 . [all data]

Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994
Krupcik, J.; Skacani, I.; Benicka, E.; Sandra, P., Dependence of gas chromatographic retention data of hydrocarbons on the film thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, 59, 11, 2390-2396, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942390 . [all data]

Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989
Engewald, W.; Maurer, T.; Schiefke, A., Investigation of isomeric hydrocarbons by gas-solid chromatography on graphitized thermal carbon black, Pure Appl. Chem., 1989, 61, 11, 2001-2004, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198961112001 . [all data]

Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L., Identification of hydrocarbons C₁-C₉ of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C₁₀ on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Castello, Berg, et al., 1973
Castello, G.; Berg, M.; Lunardelli, M., Temperature dependence of the retention indices of branched-chain paraffins on non-polar stationary phases. A method for its calculation on the basis of molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 1973, 79, 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85270-5 . [all data]

Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973
Pacáková, V.; Hoch, K.; Smolková, E., The Effect of Instrumentation on the Precision of Retention Indexes, Chromatographia, 1973, 6, 7, 320-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269334 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P., Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]

Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D., Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X . [all data]

Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C., Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C₁₀ and alkenes through C₈ and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A., Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A., Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0 . [all data]

Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B., Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Insausti, Goñi, et al., 2005
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Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
P_c	Critical pressure
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
V_c	Critical volume
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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