β-Phellandrene

Formula: C₁₀H₁₆
Molecular weight: 136.2340
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1-2H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LFJQCDVYDGGFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 555-10-2
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
Stereoisomers:
- δ-phellandrene
Other names: Cyclohexene, 3-methylene-6-(1-methylethyl)-; p-Mentha-1(7),2-diene; Phellandrene, β; beta-Phellandrene; 3-methylene-6-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane; (-)-β-phellandrene; (+)-β-phellandrene; 3-methylene-6-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane (β-phellandrene); 3-Isopropyl-6-methylenecyclohexene
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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5MS	DB-5MS	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	246.	180.	180.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	3.				8.
Final hold (min)			15.	15.	30.
I	1026.	1031.	1007.	1031.	1045.
Reference	Kartal N., Sokmen M., et al., 2007	Adams, González Elizondo, et al., 2006	Angioni, Barra, et al., 2006	Angioni, Barra, et al., 2006	Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5MS	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	BP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	280.	246.	246.	250.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)				10.	2.
Final hold (min)	30.			5.	5.
I	1013.	1030.	1031.	1030.	1031.
Reference	Marongiu, Porcedda, et al., 2006	Adams, Morris, et al., 2005	Adams and Nguyen, 2005	Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5MS	SPB-5
Column length (m)	30.		30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Helium		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	1.
T_start (C)	60.	60.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	255.	240.	230.	180.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	8.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)				15.
Final hold (min)			4.		30.
I	1032.	1031.	1025.	1030.	1033.
Reference	Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005	Shatar S., 2005	Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004	Angioni, Barra, et al., 2004	Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	1.
T_start (C)	60.	70.	40.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	260.	250.	280.	280.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)		5.	5.	2.	1.
Final hold (min)			5.	10.
I	1033.	1027.	1029.	1034.	1043.
Reference	Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004	Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004	Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003	Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1	Methyl Silicone	BP-1	BP-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	50.	60.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	N2	N2	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.55	0.20
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	70.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	240.	220.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	5.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	15.			15.
I	1026.	1017.	1025.	1018.	1030.
Reference	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2003	Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2002	Raina, Lal, et al., 2002	Jain, Srivastava, et al., 2001	Moreira, Sousa, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	SE-54	DB-5	SE-54	DB-5
Column length (m)	28.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	270.	246.	240.	246.	246.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.5	3.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	1.
Final hold (min)
I	1005.	1031.	1031.	1031.	1031.
Reference	Nagalakshmi, Thangadurai, et al., 2001	Adams, 2000	Adams, 2000, 2	Adams, 2000, 3	Adams, 2000, 4
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-30	PTE-5	HP-5	DB-5	OV-101
Column length (m)	25.	60.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.32	0.32	0.26	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.3	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	60.	70.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	285.	250.	246.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.3	3.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1019.	1031.	1031.	1031.	1026.
Reference	Kardali, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2000	Mitic and Dordevic, 2000	Ramos, Siani, et al., 2000	Adams, 1999	Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	CP Sil 5 CB	BP-1	DB-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	60.	25.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.23	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		1.		0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	50.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	280.	220.	200.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	3.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)	5.				2.
Final hold (min)	10.				5.
I	1019.	1024.	1028.	1027.	1026.
Reference	Bylaite, Venskutonis, et al., 1998	Kaul and Vats, 1998	Breheret, Talou, et al., 1997	Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997	Jayaprakasha, Jaganmohan Rao, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	DB-1	SE-30	DB-5	SPB-1
Column length (m)	60.	60.	25.	30.	50.
Carrier gas			N2		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2		0.20
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	30.	30.	60.	40.	35.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	180.	210.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	3.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	4.	4.	10.	2.	5.
Final hold (min)			1.	120.	20.
I	1017.	1018.	1020.	1030.	1024.
Reference	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Wong and Tie, 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Methyl Silicone	SE-54	BP-1	BP-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	12.	30.	50.	50.	60.
Carrier gas		He	He	H2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.5	0.25		0.33	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25			1.
T_start (C)	70.	0.	-100.	65.	40.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	200.	220.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	12.	2.	5.	12.
Initial hold (min)		12.		2.	4.
Final hold (min)	15.
I	1024.9	1021.	1018.	1030.	1056.
Reference	Rao, Rajanikanth, et al., 1989	Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989	Bartley, 1988	Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988	Burns and Tingey, 1983
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1
Column length (m)	60.
Carrier gas	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	1.
T_start (C)	40.
T_end (C)	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1043.
Reference	Burns and Tingey, 1983
Comment	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Kartal N., Sokmen M., et al., 2007
Kartal N.; Sokmen M.; Tepe B.; Daferera D.; Polissiou M.; Sokmen A., Investigation of the antioxidant properties of Ferula orientalis L. using a suitable extraction procedure, Food Chem., 2007, 100, 2, 584-589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.084 . [all data]

Adams, González Elizondo, et al., 2006
Adams, R.P.; González Elizondo, M.S.; González Elizondo, M.; Slinkman, E., DNA fingerprinting and terpenoid analysis of Juniperus blancoi var. huehuentensis (Cupressaceae), a new subalpine variety from Durango, Mexico, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2006, 34, 3, 205-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.11.004 . [all data]

Angioni, Barra, et al., 2006
Angioni, A.; Barra, A.; Coroneo, V.; Dessi, S.; Cabras, P., Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 12, 4364-4370, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0603329 . [all data]

Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006
Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Faleiro, M.L.; Miguel, M.G., Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus and Origanum Species from Algeria and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 17, 6314-6321, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0606104 . [all data]

Marongiu, Porcedda, et al., 2006
Marongiu, B.; Porcedda, S.; Piras, A.; Sanna, G.; Murreddu, M.; Loddo, R., Extraction of Juniperus communis L. ssp. nana Willd. essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 148-154, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1549 . [all data]

Adams, Morris, et al., 2005
Adams, R.P.; Morris, J.A.; Pandey, R.N.; Schwarzbach, A.E., Cryptic speciation between Juniperus deltoides and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 8, 771-787, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.01.001 . [all data]

Adams and Nguyen, 2005
Adams, R.P.; Nguyen, S., Infra-specific variation in Juniperus deppeana and F. Sperryi in the Davis Mountains of Texas: variation in leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAS (RAPDS), Phytologia, 2005, 87, 2, 96-108. [all data]

Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005
Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W., Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 1, 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.005 . [all data]

Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2005
Baranauskiene, R.; Venskutonis, R.P.; Demyttenaere, J.C.R., Sensory and instrumental evaluation of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) aroma, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 492-500, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1478 . [all data]

Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005
Medina, A.L.; Lucero, M.E.; Holguin, F.O.; Estell, R.E.; Posakony, J.J.; Simon, J.; O'Connell, M.A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of Anemopsis californica leaf oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 22, 8694-8698, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0511244 . [all data]

Shatar S., 2005
Shatar S., Essential oil of Ferula ferulaoides from Western Mongolia, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 5, 607-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0222-8 . [all data]

Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004
Ament K.; Kant M.R.; Sabelis M.W.; Haring M.A.; Schuurink R.C., Differential timing of spider mite-induced direct and indirect defenses in tomato plants, Plant Physiol., 2004, 135, 1, 483-495, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.038315 . [all data]

Angioni, Barra, et al., 2004
Angioni, A.; Barra, A.; Cereti, E.; Barile, D.; Coïsson, J.D.; Arlorio, M.; Dessi, S.; Coroneo, V.; Cabras, P., Chemical composition, plant genetic differences, antimicrobial and antifungal activity investigation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 11, 3530-3535, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049913t . [all data]

Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004
Gauvin, A.; Lecomte, H.; Smadja, J., Comparative investigations of the essential oils of two scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) cultivars grown on Reunion Island, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 5, 455-460, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1354 . [all data]

Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004
Lopes, D.; Strobl, H.; Kolodziejczyk, P., 14-Methylpentadecano-15-lactone (Muscolide): a new macrocyclic lactone from the oil of Angelica archangelica L., Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2004, 1, 12, 1880-1887, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490144 . [all data]

Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004
Siani, A.C.; Garrido, I.S.; Monteiro, S.S.; Carvalho, E.S.; Ramos, M.F.S., Protium icicariba as a source of volatile essences, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 5, 477-489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.11.003 . [all data]

Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003
Amparo Blázquez, M.; Pérez, I.; Boira, H., Essential oil analysis of Teucrium libanitis and T. turredanum by GC and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 497-501, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1256 . [all data]

Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003
Baranauskiene, R.; Venskutonis, R.P.; Demyttenaere, J.C.R., Sensory and instrumental evaluation of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) aroma, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 13, 3840-3848, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021187b . [all data]

Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003
Bouzouita, N.; Kachouri, F.; Hamdi, M.; Chaabouni, M.M., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic plants, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 380-383, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1200 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2003
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasunder, K.V., Essential oil composition of Acorus calamus L. from the lower region of the Himalayas, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 1, 18-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1136 . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2002
Palá-Paúl, J.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Sanz, J., Essential oil composition of Schizogyne glaberrima DC, a species endemic to the Canary Islands, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 13-14, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1043 . [all data]

Raina, Lal, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Lal, R.K.; Tripathi, S.; Khan, M.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K., Erratum. Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 404, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1139 . [all data]

Jain, Srivastava, et al., 2001
Jain, N.; Srivastava, S.K.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Ramesh, S.; Kumar, S., Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum alatum seeds from northern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 6, 408-410, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1024 . [all data]

Moreira, Sousa, et al., 2001
Moreira, D.L.; Sousa, P.O.; Pereira, N.A.; Cardoso, G.L., Effect of leaf essential oil from Piper solmsianum C.DC. in mice behaviour, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 2001, 73, 1, 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652001000100004 . [all data]

Nagalakshmi, Thangadurai, et al., 2001
Nagalakshmi, M.A.H.; Thangadurai, D.; Anuradha, T.; Pullaiah, T., Essential oil constituents of Melia dubia, a wild relative of Azadirachta indica growing in the Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 4, 241-244, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.986 . [all data]

Adams, 2000
Adams, R.P., Systematics of smooth leaf margin Juniperus of the western hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00047-2 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 2
Adams, R.P., Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 515-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00089-7 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 3
Adams, R.P., Systematics of the one seeded Juniperus of the eastern hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 529-543, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00096-4 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 4
Adams, R.P., The serrate leaf margined Juniperus (Section Sabina) of the western hemisphere: systematics and evolution based on leaf essential oils and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 10, 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00022-3 . [all data]

Kardali, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2000
Kardali, M.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M., Essential Oil Constituents of Sideritis ibanyezii Pau, Botanica Complutensis, 2000, 24, 101-106. [all data]

Mitic and Dordevic, 2000
Mitic, V.; Dordevic, S., Essential oil composition of Hyssopus Officinalis L. cultivated in Serbia, Facta Univ. Phys. Chem. Technol., 2000, 2, 2, 105-108. [all data]

Ramos, Siani, et al., 2000
Ramos, M.F.S.; Siani, A.C.; Tappin, M.R.R.; Guimaraes, A.C.; Lahoz, J.E.; Ribeiro, J.E.L.S., Essential oils from oleoresins of Protium spp. of the Amazon region, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 6, 383-387, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200011/12)15:6<383::AID-FFJ927>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Adams, 1999
Adams, R.P., Systematics of multi-seeded eastern hemisphere Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1999, 27, 7, 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00016-2 . [all data]

Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999
Kuiate, J.-R.; Zollo, P.-H.A.; Lamaty, G.; Menut, C.; Bessière, J.-M., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of two varieties of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams from Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 3, 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199905/06)14:3<167::AID-FFJ802>3.0.CO;2-O . [all data]

Bylaite, Venskutonis, et al., 1998
Bylaite, E.; Venskutonis, R.P.; Roozen, J.P., Influence of harvesting time on the composition of volatile components in different anatomical parts of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 9, 3735-3740, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9800559 . [all data]

Kaul and Vats, 1998
Kaul, V.K.; Vats, S.K., Essential oil composition of Bothriochloa pertusa and phyletic relationship in aromatic grasses, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1998, 26, 3, 347-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00103-8 . [all data]

Breheret, Talou, et al., 1997
Breheret, S.; Talou, T.; Rapior, S.; Bessiére, J.-M., Monoterpenes in the aroma of fresh wild mushrooms (Basidiomycetes), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 831-836, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960417h . [all data]

Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997
Fiorini, C.; Fourasté, I.; David, B.; Bessière, J.M., Composition of the flower, leaf, and stem essential oils from Laurus nobilis L., Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 2, 91-93, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199703)12:2<91::AID-FFJ623>3.0.CO;2-3 . [all data]

Jayaprakasha, Jaganmohan Rao, et al., 1997
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Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996
Takeoka, G.; Perrino, C., Jr.; Buttery, R., Volatile constituents of used frying oils, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 3, 654-660, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950430m . [all data]

Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995
Jantan, I.; Ali, N.A.M.; Ahmad, A.S.; Ahmad, A.R., Constituents of the essential oil of Leptospermum javanicum blume from peninsular Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 1995, 10, 4, 255-258, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730100406 . [all data]

Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995
Loayza, I.; Abujder, D.; Aranda, R.; Jakupovic, J.; Collin, G.; Deslauriers, H.; Jean, F.-I., Essential oils of Baccharis salicifolia, B. latifolia and B. dracunculifolia, Phytochemistry, 1995, 38, 2, 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00628-7 . [all data]

Wong and Tie, 1993
Wong, K.C.; Tie, D.Y., The Essential Oil of the Leaves of Murraya koenigii Spreng., J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 4, 371-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698245 . [all data]

Rao, Rajanikanth, et al., 1989
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Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
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Bartley, 1988
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Burns and Tingey, 1983
Burns, W.F.; Tingey, D.T., GC/MS Analysis of biogenic volatile hydrocarbons on a chemically-bonded fused silica column, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1983, 21, 8, 341-345, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/21.8.341 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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