2-Butyne

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas145.1 ± 1.0kJ/molCmProsen, Maron, et al., 1951ALS
Δfgas148.0 ± 1.5kJ/molCcbWagman, Kilpatrick, et al., 1945Unpublished work of E. J. Prosen; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-2576.7 ± 0.96kJ/molCmProsen, Maron, et al., 1951Corresponding Δfgas = 145.1 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
39.1850.Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997p=1 bar. Selected values are in close agreement with other statistically calculated values [ Wagman D.D., 1945].; GT
48.43100.
56.69150.
63.57200.
74.10273.15
78.02298.15
78.32300.
94.73400.
110.38500.
124.30600.
136.49700.
147.14800.
156.45900.
164.551000.
171.591100.
177.711200.
183.01300.
187.61400.
191.71500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
84.56336.07Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940GT
89.66369.46

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid195.10J/mol*KN/AYost, Osborne, et al., 1941Extrapolated from 291.0 K. Anomalous heat capacity between 145 and 160 K. S obtained from total energy divided by average temperature.

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
124.14290.Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941T = 15 to 290 K.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil300. ± 1.KAVGN/AAverage of 23 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus240.82KN/APomerantz, Fookson, et al., 1954Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tfus240.9KN/ABoord, Greenlee, et al., 1946Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tfus240.63KN/ABoord, Greenlee, et al., 1946Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Tfus240.83KN/AHenne and Greenlee, 1945Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tfus240.5KN/AHeisig and Davis, 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple240.8KN/AYost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.15 K; TRC
Ttriple240.93KN/AYost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap26.7kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
26.945291.0N/AYost, Osborne, et al., 1941P = 71.46 kPa; DH
26.945291.00N/AOsborne, Garner, et al., 1940DH
29.255.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 240. - 308. K.; AC
26.9 ± 0.3291.00CYost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 3ALS
26.9 ± 0.1291.CYost, Osborne, et al., 1941AC

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
92.59291.0Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941P; DH
92.59291.00Osborne, Garner, et al., 1940DH

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
37.4220.AStull, 1947Based on data from 200. - 239. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
9.2349240.92Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941DH
9.2328240.93Osborne, Garner, et al., 1940DH
9.25240.9Acree, 1991AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
38.348240.92Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941DH
38.33240.93Osborne, Garner, et al., 1940DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H5- + Hydrogen cation = 2-Butyne

By formula: C4H5- + H+ = C4H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1628. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; Acid: MeC≡CMe; B
Δr1628. ± 14.kJ/molG+TSN/Agas phase; Measured vs pyridine; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1597. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; Acid: MeC≡CMe; B
Δr1596. ± 13.kJ/molIMREN/Agas phase; Measured vs pyridine; B

2Hydrogen + 2-Butyne = Butane

By formula: 2H2 + C4H6 = C4H10

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-272.4 ± 1.3kJ/molChydConn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1939gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -274.4 ± 0.54 kJ/mol; At 355 K; ALS

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

IR spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

View spectrum image in SVG format.

Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
State gas
Instrument HP-GC/MS/IRD

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-IW- 744
NIST MS number 227606

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   D'3h     Symmetry Number σ = 6


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a'1 1 CH3 s-str 2916  C  ia 2916 S p liq. Free rotation
a'1 2 C≡C str 2240  E  ia 2310 S p liq. Free rotation, FR(2ν8)
a'1 2 C≡C str 2240  E  ia 2233 S p liq. Free rotation, FR(2ν8)
a'1 3 CH3 s-deform 1380  C  ia 1380 S liq. Free rotation
a'1 4 C-C str 725  E  ia 774 M p liq. Free rotation, FR(2ν16)
a'1 4 C-C str 725  E  ia 693 M p liq. Free rotation, FR(2ν16)
a"1 5 CH3 torsion  ia  ia Free rotation
a"2 6 CH3 s-str 2938  B 2938 S gas  ia Free rotation
a"2 7 CH3 s-deform 1382  B 1382 M gas  ia Free rotation
a"2 8 C-C str 1152  B 1152 W gas  ia Free rotation
e' 9 CH3 d-str 2973  B 2973 S gas Free rotation
e' 10 CH3 d-deform 1456  B 1456 S gas Free rotation
e' 11 CH3 rock 1054  B 1054 M gas Free rotation
e' 12 CCC deform 213  C 213 VW liq. Free rotation
e 13 CH3 d-str 2966  D  ia 2966 W liq. Free rotation
e 14 CH3 d-deform 1448  C  ia 1448 M dp liq. Free rotation
e 15 CH3 rock 1029  C  ia 1029 M dp liq. Free rotation
e 16 CCC deform 371  C  ia 371 S dp liq. Free rotation

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

SStrong
MMedium
WWeak
VWVery weak
iaInactive
pPolarized
dpDepolarized
FRFermi resonance with an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
B1~3 cm-1 uncertainty
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty
E15~30 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C4 hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]

Wagman, Kilpatrick, et al., 1945
Wagman, D.D.; Kilpatrick, J.E.; Pitzer, K.S.; Rossini, F.D., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the acetylene hydrocarbons through the pentynes, to 1,500° K, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 35, 467-496. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Wagman D.D., 1945
Wagman D.D., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the acetylene hydrocarbons through the pentynes to 1500 K, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1945, 35, 467-496. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. III, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 618-622. [all data]

Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941
Yost, D.M.; Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S., The heat capacity, entropy, and heats of transition, fusion, and vaporization of dimethylacetylene. Free rotation in the dimethylacetylene molecule, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3492-3496. [all data]

Pomerantz, Fookson, et al., 1954
Pomerantz, P.; Fookson, A.; Mears, T.W.; Rothberg, S.; Howard, F.L., Synthesis and Physical Properties of Several Acetylenic Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1954, 52, 51. [all data]

Boord, Greenlee, et al., 1946
Boord, C.E.; Greenlee, K.W.; Perilstein, W.L., The Synthesis, Purification and Prop. of Hydrocarbons of Low Mol. Weight, Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Eighth Annu. Rep., Ohio State Univ., June 30, 1946. [all data]

Henne and Greenlee, 1945
Henne, A.L.; Greenlee, K.W., Preparation and Physical Constants of Acetylenic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1945, 67, 484-5. [all data]

Heisig and Davis, 1935
Heisig, G.B.; Davis, H.M., Physical Constants of Dimethylacetylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 339-40. [all data]

Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 2
Yost, D.M.; Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S., The Heat Capacity, Entropy, and Heats of Transition, Fusion, and Vaporization of Dimethylacetylene. Free Rotation in the Dimethylacetylene Molecule, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3492. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Osborne, Garner, et al., 1940
Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S.; Yost, D.M., The entropy of dimethylacetylene from low temperature calorimetric measurements. Free rotation in the dimethylacetylene molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 131. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 3
Yost, D.M.; Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S., The heat capacity, entropy, and heats of transition, fusion, and vaporization of dimethylacetylene. Free rotation in the dimethylacetylene molecule, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3492-34. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001
Gal, J.F.; Decouzon, M.; Maria, P.C.; Gonzalez, A.I.; Mo, O.; Yanez, M.; El Chaouch, S.; Guillemin, J.C., Acidity trends in alpha,beta-unsaturated alkanes, silanes, germanes, and stannanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 26, 6353-6359, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja004079j . [all data]

Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1939
Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A., Heats of organic reactions. VIII. Some further hydrogenations, including those of some acetylenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 1868-1876. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References