α-Farnesene

• Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
• Molecular weight: 204.3511
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-6-14(4)10-8-12-15(5)11-7-9-13(2)3/h6,9-10,12H,1,7-8,11H2,2-5H3/b14-10+,15-12+ Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CXENHBSYCFFKJS-VDQVFBMKSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 502-61-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Species with the same structure:
  • (E,E)-α-Farnesene
• Stereoisomers:
  • 1,3,6,10-Dodecatetraene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (Z,E)-
  • α-Farnesene isomer
  • α-Farnesene (isomer 1)
  • α-Farnesene (isomer 2)
  • (Z)-α-Farnesene
  • (Z,Z)-α-Farnesene
  • (E,Z)-α-Farnesene
• Other names: 1,3,6,10-Dodecatetraene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E)-; Farnesene; 2,6,10-Trimethyl-2,6,9,11-dodecatetraene, trans-; 3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene, (trans,trans)-; (3E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene; α-E,E-Farnesene; α-Farnesene, (E,E)-; α-trans-Farnesene; α-trans,trans-Farnesene; (3E,6E)- α-Farnesene; (E,E)-α-Farnesene; alpha-Farnesene; trans-α-Farnesene; trans,trans-α-Farnesene; 1,3,6,10-Dodecatetraene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (3E,6E)-; trans-2,6,10-Trimethyl-2,6,9,11-dodecatetraene; trans-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene; (E,E)-Farnesene; E,α-Farnesene; (E; E)-α-farnesene; α-Farnesene, (Z,E)-; 3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene; E,E-α,α-farnesene; (E,E)-α-Fernesene; (E)-3, (E)-6-α-farnesene; α-farnesene (E); 2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraene
• Information on this page:
  • Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
• Options:
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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Karlsson, Birgersson, et al., 2009
Karlsson, M.F.; Birgersson, G.; Prado, A.M.C.; Bosa, F.; Bengtsson, M.; Witzgall, P., Plant Odor Analysis of Potato: Responce of Guatemalan Moth to Above- and Background Potato Volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 13, 5903-5909, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803730h . [all data]

Museli, Pau, et al., 2009
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Shimizu, Imayoshi, et al., 2009
Shimizu, Y.; Imayoshi, Y.; Kato, M.; Maeda, K.; Iwabuchi, H.; Shimomura, K., Volatiles from leaves of field-grown plants and shoot cultures of Gynura bicolor DC, Flavour Fragr. J., 2009, 24, 5, 251-258, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1938 . [all data]

Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007
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Miyazawa and Tamura, 2007
Miyazawa, M.; Tamura, N., Components of the essential oil from sprouts of Polygonum hydropiper L. ('Benitade'), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 188-190, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1779 . [all data]

Raal, Orav, et al., 2007
Raal, A.; Orav, A.; Arak, E.; Kailas, T.; Müürisepp, M., Variation in the composition of the essential oil of Valeriana officinalis L. roots from Estonia, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2007, 56, 2, 67-74. [all data]

Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2007
Sylvestre, M.; Pichette, A.; Longtin, A.; Martin, M.-A.C.; Bercion, S.R.; Legault, J., Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of Hedyosmum arborescens and evaluation of its anticancer activity, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1269-1272. [all data]

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Garneau F.X., Collin G., et al., 2006
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Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2006
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Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005
Joichi, A.; Yomogida, K.; Awano, K.; Ueda, Y., Volatile components of tea-scented modern roses and ancient Chinese roses, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 152-157, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1388 . [all data]

Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005
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Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005, 2
Njoroge, S.M.; Koaze, H.; Karanja, P.N.; Sawamura, M., Essential oil constituents of three varieties of Kenyan sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 80-85, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1377 . [all data]

Qian and Wang, 2005
Qian, M.C.; Wang, Y., Seasonal Variations of Volatile Composition and Odor Activity Value of Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Thornless Evergreen (R.laciniatus L.) Blackberries, J. Food. Sci., 2005, 70, 1, c13-c20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09013.x . [all data]

Wong and Tan, 2005
Wong, K.C.; Tan, C.H., Volatile constituents of the flowers of Clerodendron fragrans (Vent.) R. Br., Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 4, 429-430, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1457 . [all data]

Jiang and Kubota, 2004
Jiang, L.; Kubota, K., Differences in the volatile components and their odor characteristics of green and ripe fruits and dried pericarp of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 13, 4197-4203, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030663a . [all data]

Orav, Stulova, et al., 2004
Orav, A.; Stulova, I.; Kailas, T.; Müürisepp, M., Effect of storage on the essential oil composition of piper nigrum L. fruits of different ripening states, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 9, 2582-2586, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030635s . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Brophy, et al., 2004
Palá-Paúl, J.; Brophy, J.J.; Goldsack, R.J.; Fontaniella, B., Analysis of the volatile components of Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill., a Canary Islands endemic species, growing in Australia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 1, 55-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00177-7 . [all data]

Raal, Paaver, et al., 2004
Raal, A.; Paaver, U.; Arak, E.; Orav, A., Content and composition of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia, Medicina (Kaunas), 2004, 40, 8, 795-800. [all data]

Bertoli, Menichini, et al., 2003
Bertoli, A.; Menichini, F.; Mazzetti, M.; Spinelli, G.; Morelli, I., Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 91-94, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1161 . [all data]

Miyazawa, Teranishi, et al., 2003
Miyazawa, M.; Teranishi, A.; Ishikawa, Y., Components of the essential oil from Petasites japonicus, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 3, 231-233, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1203 . [all data]

Mookdasanit, Tamura, et al., 2003
Mookdasanit, J.; Tamura, H.; Yoshizawa T.; Tokunaga T.; Nakanishi, K., Trace Volatile Compounds in Essential Oil of Citrus Sudachi by Means of Modified Solvent Extraction Method, Food Sci Technol. Res., 2003, 9, 1, 54-61, https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.9.54 . [all data]

Raal, Arak, et al., 2003
Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Orav, A.; Ivask, K., Comparison of essential oil content of Matricaria recutita L. from different origins, Ars Pharm., 2003, 44, 2, 159-165, retrieved from http://www.ugr.es/~ars/abstract/44-159-03.pdf. [all data]

Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003
Stashenko, E.E.; Jaramillo, B.E.; Martínez, J.R., Comparación de la composición química y de la actividad antioxidante in vitro de los metabolitos secundarios volátiles de plantas de la familia verbenaceae, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat., 2003, 27, 105, 579-597. [all data]

Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003
Suleimenov, E.M.; Atazharova, G.A.; Demirchi, B.; Baser, K.H.C.; Adekenov, S.M., Essential oil composition of Artemisia Lercheana and A. Sieversiana of Kazakhstan flora in Recent problems of development of new medicines of natural origin, Proceedings of symposium, St.Petersburg - Pushkin, 2003, 382-385. [all data]

Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003
Tu, N.T.M.; Onishi, Y.; Son, U.S.; Ogawa, E.; Ukeda, H.; Sawamura, M., Characteristic odour components of Citrus inflata Hort. Ex Tanaka (Mochiyu) cold-pressed peel oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 454-459, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1252 . [all data]

Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Castellote, A.I.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analysis of virgin olive oil volatile compounds by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 983, 1-2, 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01691-6 . [all data]

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Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of virgin olive oil volatile fraction: modifications induced by oxidation and suitable markers of oxidative status, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6564-6571, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030268k . [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003, 2
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of virgin olive oil volatile fraction: characterization of virgin olive oils from two distinct geographical areas of Northern Italy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6572-6577, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030269c . [all data]

Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollé, D.; Ollitrault, P.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf and peel volatile compounds of an interspecific citrus somatic hybrid [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing. + Citrus paradisi Macfayden], Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 6, 416-424, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1119 . [all data]

Tu, Thanh, et al., 2002
Tu, N.T.M.; Thanh, L.X.; Une, A.; Ukeda, H.; Sawamura, M., Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 3, 169-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1076 . [all data]

Christoph, 2001
Christoph, F., Chemische Zuzammensetzung und antimikrobielle Eigenschaften der ätherischen Öle von Leptospermum scoparium J. R. et G. Forst. und anderer Teebaumöle der Gattungen Kunzea, Leptospermum und Melaleuca unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Handelsölen, Dissertation, University of Hamburg, Germany, 2001, 196. [all data]

Jirovetz L., Buchbauer G., et al., 2001
Jirovetz L.; Buchbauer G.; Shafi P.M.; Rosamma M.K.; Geissler M., Analysis of the composition and aroma of the essential leaf oil of Syzygium travancoricum from South India by GC-FID, GC-MS, and olfactometry. Seasonal changes of composition, Chromatographia Sup., 2001, 53, S1, s372-s374, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490359 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Ivask, K., Volatile constituents of Matricaria recutita L. from Estonia, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2001, 50, 39-45. [all data]

Buttery, Light, et al., 2000
Buttery, R.G.; Light, D.M.; Nam, Y.; Merrill, G.B.; Roitman, J.N., Volatile components of green walnut husks, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 7, 2858-2861, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000288b . [all data]

Franco and Shibamoto, 2000
Franco, M.R.B.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile composition of some Brazilian fruits: umbu-caja (Spondias citherea), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), araca-boi (Eugenia stipitata), and cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflorum), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1263-1265, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9900074 . [all data]

Kim, Kim, et al., 2000
Kim, H.-J.; Kim, K.; Kim, N.-S.; Lee, D.-S., Determination of floral fragrances of Rosa hybrida using solid-phase trapping-solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 902, 2, 389-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00863-3 . [all data]

Paniandy, Chane-Ming, et al., 2000
Paniandy, J.-C.; Chane-Ming, J.; Pierbattesti, J.-C., Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of the Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.), J. Essent. Oil Res., 2000, 12, 153-158. [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from leaves of Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pamp.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 8, 3463-3469, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0001738 . [all data]

Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999
Kaya, A.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Koca, F., The essential oil of Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench growing in Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 55-59, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<55::AID-FFJ784>3.0.CO;2-Q . [all data]

Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2
Kaya, A.; Baser, K.H.C.; Tümen, G.; Koca, F., The essential oil of Acinos suaveolens (Sm.) G. Don fil. Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy and Acinos rotundifolius Pers. growing wild in Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<60::AID-FFJ785>3.0.CO;2-0 . [all data]

Lamarque, Maestri, et al., 1998
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Tümen, Baser, et al., 1998
Tümen, G.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Ermin, N., The essential oils of Satureja coerulea Janka and Thymus aznavourii Velen., Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 1, 65-67, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199801/02)13:1<65::AID-FFJ695>3.0.CO;2-Q . [all data]

Werkhoff, Güntert, et al., 1998
Werkhoff, P.; Güntert, M.; Krammer, G.; Sommer, H.; Kaulen, J., Vacuum headspace method in aroma research: flavor chemistry of yellow passion fruits, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 3, 1076-1093, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970655s . [all data]

Awano, Ichikawa, et al., 1997
Awano, K.; Ichikawa, Y.; Tokuda, K.; Kuraoka, M., Volatile components of the flowers of two Calanthe species, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 5, 327-330, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199709/10)12:5<327::AID-FFJ661>3.0.CO;2-M . [all data]

Wong and Lai, 1996
Wong, K.C.; Lai, F.Y., Volatile constituents from the fruits of four Syzygium species grown in Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 1996, 11, 1, 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199601)11:1<61::AID-FFJ539>3.0.CO;2-1 . [all data]

Girard and Lau, 1995
Girard, B.; Lau, O.L., Effect of maturity and storage on quality and volatile production of 'Jonagold' apples, Food Res. Int., 1995, 28, 5, 465-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(96)81393-7 . [all data]

Kawakami, Ganguly, et al., 1995
Kawakami, M.; Ganguly, S.N.; Banerjee, J.; Kobayashi, A., Aroma composition of oolong tea and black tea by brewed extraction method and characterizing compounds of Darjeeling tea aroma, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1, 200-207, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00049a037 . [all data]

Stashenko, Torres, et al., 1995
Stashenko, E.E.; Torres, W.; Morales, J.R.M., A study of the compositional variation of the essential oil of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata Hook Fil. et Thomson, forma genuina) during flower development, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 2, 101-104, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180206 . [all data]

Togari, Kobayashi, et al., 1995
Togari, N.; Kobayashi, A.; Aishima, T., Pattern recognition applied to gas chromatographic profiles of volatile components in three tea categories, Food Res. Int., 1995, 28, 5, 495-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(95)00029-1 . [all data]

Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992
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Binder and Flath, 1989
Binder, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile components of pineapple guava, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 734-736, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a034 . [all data]

Gaydou, Faure, et al., 1989
Gaydou, E.M.; Faure, R.; Bianchini, J.-P.; Lamaty, G.; Rakotonirainy, O.; Randriamiharisoa, R., Sesquiterpene composition of basil oil. Assignment of the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of β-elemene with two-dimensional NMR, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 4, 1032-1037, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a048 . [all data]

Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988
Mihara, S.; Tateba, H.; Nishimura, O.; Machii, Y.; Kishino, K., The volatile components of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid) in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 537-550. [all data]

Ramaswami, Briscese, et al., 1988
Ramaswami, S.K.; Briscese, P.; Gargiullo, R.J.; von Geldern, T., Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons: from mass confusion to orderly line-up in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 951-980. [all data]

Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987
Mihara, S.; Tateba, H.; Nishimura, O.; Machii, Y.; Kishino, K., Volatile components of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 4, 532-537, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a023 . [all data]

Ramaswami, Briscese, et al., 1986
Ramaswami, S.K.; Briscese, P.; Gargiullo, R.J.; von Geldern, T., Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons: from mass confusion to orderly line-up in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances, and Flavors, Washington, DC, 1986, 951-959. [all data]

Buttery, Xu, et al., 1985
Buttery, R.G.; Xu, C.; Ling, L.C., Volatile components of wheat leaves (and stems): Possible insect attractants, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 1, 115-117, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00061a033 . [all data]

Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1980
Yamaguchi, K.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of the chestnut flower, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1980, 28, 1, 82-84, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60227a021 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Tend	Final temperature
  Tstart	Initial temperature

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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