Formaldehyde

• Formula: CH₂O
• Molecular weight: 30.0260
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 50-00-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • methanal-d
• Other names: Methanal; BFV; Fannoform; Formaldehyde, gas; Formalin; Formalith; Formic aldehyde; Formol; Fyde; Lysoform; Methyl aldehyde; Methylene oxide; Morbicid; Oxomethane; Oxymethylene; Paraform; Superlysoform; Karsan; Methaldehyde; Aldehyde formique; Aldeide formica; Formaldehyd; Formalin-loesungen; Formalina; Formaline; NCI-C02799; Oplossingen; Aldehyd mravenci; Formalin 40; Rcra waste number U122; UN 1198; UN 2209; H2CO; Durine; Hercules 37M6-8; CH2O; NSC 298885; Fordor
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Ion clustering data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + CH₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • CH₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + CH₂O = (Li⁺ • CH₂O)

(CH₃O^- • 4294967295) +  = CH₃O^-

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 4294967295CH₂O) + CH₂O = CH₃O^-

CHO^- +  =

By formula: CHO^- + H⁺ = CH₂O

CH₂N⁺ +  = (CH₂N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + CH₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • CH₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

=  + 

By formula: C₃H₉NO = C₂H₇N + CH₂O

 +  =  + 2

By formula: C₃H₈O₂ + H₂O = CH₂O + 2CH₄O

 +  =

By formula: CH₂O + C₃H₈N₂O = C₄H₁₀N₂O₂

2 +  =  + 

By formula: 2C₂H₇N + CH₂O = C₅H₁₄N₂ + H₂O

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 2CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 3CH₂O)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 3CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 4CH₂O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • CH₂O) + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • 2CH₂O)

 +  =

By formula: C₂H₇N + CH₂O = C₃H₉NO

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + CO = CH₂O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + CH₂O = (Fe⁺ • CH₂O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + CH₂O = (Al⁺ • CH₂O)

= 3

By formula: C₃H₆O₃ = 3CH₂O

3 =

By formula: 3CH₂O = C₃H₆O₃

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to CH₂O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Proton affinity at 298K

Gas basicity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

CHO^- +  =

By formula: CHO^- + H⁺ = CH₂O

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (HEATING PARAFORMALDEHYDE; CONCENTRATION UNKNOWN); PERKIN-ELMER 297; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution
• SOLUTION (UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION IN CCl4) VS. CCl4; PERKIN-ELMER 297; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH(+) ion,0K	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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