2,3-Butanedione

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-78.10kcal/molCcbNicholson, Szwarc, et al., 1954 

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-87.35kcal/molCcbNicholson, Szwarc, et al., 1954 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-493.81 ± 0.19kcal/molCcbNicholson, Szwarc, et al., 1954Corresponding Δfliquid = -87.34 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil361.2KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil361.15KN/AOthmer, 1943Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Tboil361.15KN/ASabatier and Mailhe, 1909Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Tboil360.15KN/ASabatier and Mailhe, 1907Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap9.25 ± 0.22kcal/molVNicholson, Szwarc, et al., 1954ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
9.20288.A,IStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. - 348. K. See also Neely and Hall, 1972.; AC
9.46 ± 0.05283.N/ANicholson, Szwarc, et al., 1954, 2Based on data from 273. - 293. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
273.16 - 348.163.53347927.108-98.949Neely and Hall, 1972Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
74.5700.MN/A 
57. MN/A 
190. XN/AValue given here as quoted by missing citation.

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)191.7kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity184.1kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.69 ± 0.10TDEqKebarle and Chowdhury, 1987B
1.10002ESCompton, Christophorou, et al., 1966B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.30PITraeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982LBLHLM
9.23 ± 0.03PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.25 ± 0.03PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH
9.57 ± 0.05PEVerheijdt and Cerfontain, 1982Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.56PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
9.6PEVon Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
9.47PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
9.55PEMcGlynn and Meeks, 1975Vertical value; LLK
9.57PEKelder, Cerfontain, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.72PEArnett, Newkome, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.55PECowan, Gleiter, et al., 1971Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH3+14.1C2H3O+COEIBurgers, Holmes, et al., 1983LBLHLM
C2H3O+10.0 ± 0.1CH3COEIBurgers, Holmes, et al., 1983LBLHLM
C2H3O+9.88C2H3OPITraeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982LBLHLM
C2H3O+9.88CH3COPIMurad and Inghram, 1964RDSH
C2H3CO+9.88 ± 0.19CH3COEIHolmes and Lossing, 1984LBLHLM

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998.
NIST MS number 290913

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30100.572.0Tudor, 199740. m/0.35 mm/0.35 μm
PackedSE-30150.555.Haken, Ho, et al., 1975Column length: 3.7 m
PackedDC-200120.550.Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966Celite; Column length: 4. m
PackedSE-3080.565.Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1558.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 199060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1560.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 199060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryOV-101613.Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101619.Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax971.Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax977.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax978.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M961.Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 19892. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax980.Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
PackedPEG-20M963.Galt and MacLeod, 1984N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; Tend: 175. C
CapillaryBP-20963.MacLeod and Pieris, 1983H2, 65. C @ 3. min, 12. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M949.Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M955.Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M979.Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M984.Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-5587.Engel and Ratel, 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5MS600.Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-5MS579.Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS600.Elmore, Cooper, et al., 20050. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5593.Insausti, Goñi, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 35. C @ 15. min, 8. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5605.Mahattanatawee, Goodner, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-5608.Mahattanatawee, Goodner, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-5623.Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-5623.Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS587.Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5606.Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 200430. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillarySPB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-5586.Siegmund and Murkovic, 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, -30. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5574.Peterson and Reineccius, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 4. min
CapillaryDB-5574.Peterson and Reineccius, 2003, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 4. min
CapillarySPB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB616.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5621.Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillarySPB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5608.Wu and Cadwallader, 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5608.Wu and Cadwallader, 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5582.Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 200215. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5MS613.Baek, Kim, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS612.Bruna, Hierro, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySPB-1558.Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5MS606.Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB595.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB618.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryBPX-5613.Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySPB-5588.Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillaryRTX-5595.Milo and Reineccius, 199730. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, 0. C @ 1. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101560.Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 199250. m/0.31 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-1604.Zhang, Dorjpalam, et al., 199250. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryOV-101586.Misharina, Aerove, et al., 199150. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1561.Zhang and Ho, 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-1561.Zhang and Ho, 1991, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-5593.Majcher and Jelen, 200730. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40C(1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 280C
CapillaryHP-5586.Künzel, Breuer, et al., 2006Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54587.Schuh and Schieberle, 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 230C
CapillaryDB-5MS600.Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 80C(1min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 280C (4min)
CapillaryDB-5MS600.Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 80C(1min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 280C (4min)
CapillaryHP-5MS596.Bonaiti, Irlinger, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(8min) => 3C/min => 20C => 10C/min => 150C(10min)
CapillaryDB-5593.Majcher and Jelén, 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 280C
CapillaryDB-5544.Klesk, Qian, et al., 200430. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryDB-5579.Klesk and Qian, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryDB-5584.Klesk and Qian, 2003, 230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 230C (5min)
CapillaryDB-5583.Mayr, van Ruth, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40 C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1558.Place, Imhof, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 45C (5min) => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryHP-5590.Carrapiso, Ventanas, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 250C(10 min)
CapillaryHP-5595.Engel, Baty, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(5min) => 3C/min => 20C => 5C/min => 100C 15C/min => 150C (5min)
CapillaryDB-5595.Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35 C (2 min) 40 C/min -> 50 C (2 min) 4 C/min -> 230 C
CapillaryDB-5593.Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35 C (2 min) 40 C/min -> 50 C (2 min) 4 C/min -> 230 C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB611.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
CapillarySE-54596.Tairu, Hofmann, et al., 200030. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C (5min) => 10C/min => 230C (5min)
CapillarySE-54600.Zimmermann and Schieberle, 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 180C 20C/min => 240C(10min)
CapillarySE-54600.Buettner and Schieberle, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillarySE-54592.Mutti and Grosch, 199960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 70C(2min) => 6C/min => 250C(10min)
CapillaryRTX-5565.Mutti and Grosch, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54608.Fickert and Schieberle, 199825. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillarySE-54590.Fickert and Schieberle, 199825. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillarySE-54592.Hofmann and Schieberle, 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(5min) => 6C/min => 230(15min)
CapillaryRTX-5595.Heiler and Schieberle, 199730. m/0.53 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54595.Kubícková and Grosch, 1997Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 4C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillarySE-54592.Kubícková and Grosch, 1997Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 4C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryDB-5MS595.Milo and Reineccius, 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 250C
CapillarySE-54592.Münch, Hofmann, et al., 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 240C (10min)
CapillarySE-54595.Triqui and Reineccius, 1995Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillarySE-54595.Triqui and Reineccius, 1995, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40 C/min => 50C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C
CapillaryHP-PONA558.Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 199250. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 250C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP1005.Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
CapillaryFFAP982.Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
CapillaryFFAP991.Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-Wax962.Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax978.Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax962.Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-Wax977.Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1020.Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB971.Mahadevan and Farmer, 200660. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax1002.Petka, Ferreira, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 8. min
CapillaryDB-Wax998.Whetstine M.E.C., Drake M.A., et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB976.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillaryDB-Wax955.Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryStabilwax983.Cros S., Lignot B., et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10978.Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1014.Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
CapillaryDB-Wax999.Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
CapillaryDB-Wax956.Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-FFAP980.Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 200415. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax979.Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax979.Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-FFAP980.Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 200415. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1005.Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax965.Varming, Petersen, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-Wax979.Peterson and Reineccius, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 6. min
CapillaryAT-Wax940.Pino, Almora, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax956.Kim T.H., Kim T.H., et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax959.Kim T.H., Kim T.H., et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryAT-Wax951.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax980.Wu and Cadwallader, 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax981.Wu and Cadwallader, 200230. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-FFAP985.Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 200215. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-FFAP980.Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 200215. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min
CapillaryEC-WAX980.le Guen, Prost, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax960.Kim, Shin, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax956.Kim, Shin, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax981.Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax981.Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1002.Liu, Yang, et al., 2001H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryAT-Wax951.Pino and Marbot, 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax983.Serot, Prost, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 8. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax980.le Guen, Prost, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax985.Le Guen, Prost, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax980.Le Guen, Prost, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB982.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB982.Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 240. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryFFAP987.Stephan and Steinhart, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax958.Cha and Cadwallader, 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax965.Cha, Kim, et al., 199860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax963.Cha, Kim, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryFFAP993.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-Wax993.Ott, Fay, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax995.Ott, Fay, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax995.Ott, Fay, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10981.Cadwallader, Tan, et al., 199560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax955.Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 199560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax993.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10979.Chung and Cadwallader, 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10983.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10985.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB957.Baltes and Mevissen, 1988He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 210. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10982.Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10983.Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
PackedCarbowax 20M956.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10989.Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10986.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10988.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10989.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1012.Escudero, Campo, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 100C6C/min => 136C => 3C/min => 220C (10min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10986.Majcher and Jelen, 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 240C
CapillaryFFAP967.Schuh and Schieberle, 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 230C
CapillaryDB-Wax1012.Campo, Ferreira, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 100C => 6C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Hallier, Prost, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 160C => 15C/min => 230C
CapillaryFFAP982.Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C(13.5min)
CapillaryFFAP982.Ranau and Steinhart, 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C (13.5min)
CapillaryStabilwax976.Wang, Finn, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax943.Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(0.7min) => 20C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 240C
CapillaryStabilwax999.Klesk, Qian, et al., 200430. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryStabilwax998.Klesk and Qian, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax982.Klesk and Qian, 2003, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 230C (5min)
CapillaryHP-FFAP991.Carrapiso, Ventanas, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 250C(10 min)
CapillaryFFAP980.Engel and Schieberle, 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
CapillaryFFAP985.Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
CapillaryFFAP1000.Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 60C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP990.Rhlid, Fleury, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C(10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP976.Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 40 K/min -> 60 0C (2 min) 6 K/min -> 230 0C
CapillaryFFAP1000.Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C(10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP991.Munk, Johansen, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C(5min)
CapillaryFFAP979.Tairu, Hofmann, et al., 200030. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C (5min) => 10C/min => 230C (5min)
CapillaryFFAP989.Zimmermann and Schieberle, 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 180C 20C/min => 240C(10min)
CapillaryFFAP970.Buettner and Schieberle, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP987.Derail, Hofmann, et al., 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP987.Derail, Hofmann, et al., 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP984.Mutti and Grosch, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryFFAP977.Fickert and Schieberle, 199825. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP970.Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax982.Prost, Serot, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 250C (15min)
CapillaryDB-Wax982.Prost, Serot, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 250C (15min)
CapillaryDB-Wax982.Prost, Serot, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 250C (15min)
CapillaryFFAP978.Münch, Hofmann, et al., 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 240C (10min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10985.Baek and Cadwallader, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C => (6C/min) => 80C(6min) => (15C/min) => 200C(10min)
CapillaryFFAP968.Hofmann and Schieberle, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10968.Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 199260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C
CapillarySupelcowax-10976.Sing, Smadja, et al., 199260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C(0.5min) => 60C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M975.Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5 MS609.Majcher, Lawrowski, et al., 201025. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS587.Kim and Chung, 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min
CapillarySE-54592.Laselan, Buettner, et al., 200930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 0. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySLB-5MS599.Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 200810. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1.5 min, 10. K/min; Tend: 295. C
CapillaryRTX-5589.Berdague, Tournayre, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 205. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5594.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5607.Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5607.Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5592.4Leffingwell and Alford, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
CapillaryMDN-5585.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillaryMDN-5585.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane593.Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 20040. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
CapillarySPB-5602.Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySPB-5612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5590.Sanz, Czerny, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5MS613.Cadwallader and Heo, 200130. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5588.Joffraud, Leroi, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryAT-1603.Kelling, 2001He, 50. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5MS606.Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-5586.García, Martín, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-5600.Kotseridis and Baumes, 200030. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryOV-101562.Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1560.Buttery, Ling, et al., 199730. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-5584.Kondjoyan, Viallon, et al., 199760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-5593.Kondjoyan, Viallon, et al., 199760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillarySE-54595.Milo and Grosch, 199630. m/0.52 mm/1.5 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: 5. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryOV-101566.Roberts and Acree, 199635. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 12. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillaryOV-101560.Roberts and Acree, 199635. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 12. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySPB-1569.Wong and Lai, 199650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-1558.Buttery and Ling, 1995He, 30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryRTX-5595.Milo and Grosch, 199530. m/0.52 mm/1.5 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 5. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryRTX-5595.Milo and Grosch, 199530. m/0.52 mm/1.5 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 5. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-1558.Buttery, Stern, et al., 1994He, 30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-101604.Roberts and Acree, 199412. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 225. C
CapillaryDB-1568.Yu, Wu, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-5616.Lee, Macku, et al., 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101555.Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 199150. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1561.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101570.del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySP 2100605.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5591.Fang, Pu, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 170 0C
CapillaryDB-5600.San-Juan, Petka, et al., 201030. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillaryHP-1564.Breme, Langle, et al., 200850. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane555.Chen, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryCP-Sil 5 Cb613.Collin, Nizet, et al., 200850. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C (30 min)
CapillarySLB-5MS584.Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 200810. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5596.Buettner, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryDB-5 MS594.Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min)
CapillaryHP-5590.Carrapiso and Garsia, 200750. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 35 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 150 0C 20 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillarySE-54592.Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryHP-5MS581.Mallia, Escher, et al., 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-1594.Senger-Emonnot, Rochard, et al., 200650. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C (25min)
CapillaryBPX-5602.Duflos, Moine, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 5C/min => 100C => 20C/min => 280C (5min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone575.Hadorn, Eberhard, et al., 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups612.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5581.Thierry, Maillard, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5595.Machiels, Istasse, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
CapillarySE-30575.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5 MS593.Machiels and Istasse, 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (3min) => 10C/min => 50C => 4C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryHP-5MS612.Martí, Mestres, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 210C (30min)
CapillaryDB-5593.Qian and Reineccius, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: 35C(4min) => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-5MS587.Young, Lane, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 160C => 6C/min => 250C => 25C/min => 325C
CapillaryDB-5610.Bücking and Steinhart, 200230. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: -5C(1min) => 4C/min => 50C => 6C/min => 120C => 8C/min => 250C(2min)
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB578.Counet, Callemien, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB578.Counet, Callemien, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryMFE-73600.Ferreira, Ortín, et al., 2002H2; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)584.Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB604.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5580.van Ruth, Grossmann, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -30C(1min) => 100C/min => 40C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-5587.Young and Baumeister, 199930. m/0.53 mm/1. μm; Program: -40C(10min) => 70C/min => 40C(5min) => 3C/min => 180C => 6C/min => 280C(5min)
CapillaryRTX-5594.Masanetz, Guth, et al., 1998Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54595.Zehentbauer and Grosch, 199825. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 50C/min => 60C(2min) => 4C/min => 230C
CapillarySPB-1563.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-5600.Guth, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillarySE-54600.Guth, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillarySE-54592.Schermann and Schieberle, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillarySE-54592.Schermann and Schieberle, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillarySE-54592.Schermann and Schieberle, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillaryDB-5595.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone560.Misharina, 1995Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54600.Milo and Grosch, 1993He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 40 0C -> (unknowm rate) 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySE-54580.Blank, Sen, et al., 1992Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1563.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillaryDB-1558.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1563.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryOV-101575.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.619.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30565.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP999.Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 201130. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min
CapillaryDB-Wax988.Onishi, Inoue, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax964.Chen, Song, et al., 200930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax968.Chen, Song, et al., 200930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-FFAP993.Laselan, Buettner, et al., 200930. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 0. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP-Wax991.Mo, Fan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax968.Rochat, Egger, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
CapillaryDB-Wax973.Rochat, Egger, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
CapillaryDB-Wax991.Rochat, Egger, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
CapillaryDB-Wax995.Rochat, Egger, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
CapillaryDB-Wax998.Rochat, Egger, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
CapillaryCP-Wax 57 CB969.Callejon, Morales, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, Hydrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 150. C @ 17.5 min
CapillaryDB-Wax967.Ganeko, Shoda, et al., 20084. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryZB-Wax1000.Marin, Pozrl, et al., 200860. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryFFAP999.Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB976.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB987.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax996.Kishimoto, Wanikawa, et al., 200615. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax990.Senger-Emonnot, Rochard, et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-Wax978.Spadone, Matthey-Doret, et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M971.de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10994.Rochat and Chaintreau, 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10995.Rochat and Chaintreau, 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10996.Rochat and Chaintreau, 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax983.Culleré, Escudero, et al., 200430. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryTC-Wax984.Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax963.Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillaryHP-Wax962.Andueza, Maeztu, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 199. C
CapillaryHP-Wax962.Andueza, de Peña, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax977.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax980.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax989.Ferreira, Ortín, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax973.Kumazawa and Masuda, 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Kumazawa and Masuda, 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryFFAP955.Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-FFAP982.Sanz, Czerny, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-Wax962.Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryEC-10001005.Bendall, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax986.Cadwallader and Heo, 200130. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax977.Ferreira, Aznar, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
CapillaryHP-Wax962.Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryHP-Wax962.Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax981.Kim, Baek, et al., 200030. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min, 280. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax987.Kotseridis and Baumes, 200030. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax978.Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax972.Umano, Hagi, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax972.Kumazawa and Masuda, 199930. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Kumazawa and Masuda, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M969.Lopez, Ferreira, et al., 199960. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax987.Schlüter, Steinhart, et al., 199960. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 34. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax954.Schlüter, Steinhart, et al., 199960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 34. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 199930. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax977.Umano, Nakahara, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax966.Buttery and Ling, 199830. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M968.Roberts and Acree, 199650. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10990.Wong and Lai, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax960.Christensen and Reineccius, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 20. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax967.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M948.Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
PackedCarbowax963.Schieberle and Grosch, 1983He, Chromosorb G AW DMCS, 4. K/min; Column length: 3. m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M935.Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1980N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M938.Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1980N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1000.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySOLGel-Wax965.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52 CB987.Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax987.Xiao, Dai, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax957.San-Juan, Petka, et al., 201030. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax957.Ferreira, Juan, et al., 200930. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (40 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax960.Rochat, Egger, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-10975.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200950. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 10975.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 10975.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10986.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10988.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP981.Buettner, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP970.Buettner, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryHP-FFAP991.Carrapiso and Garsia, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 150 0C 20 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax979.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax963.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-FFAP993.Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax Etr995.Loskos, Hernandez-Orte, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 10C/min => 90C => 2C/min => 230C (37min)
CapillaryDB-Wax941.Tian, Zhang, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax977.Viegas and Bassoli, 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax976.Viegas and Bassoli, 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-10935.Kourkoutas, Kandylis, et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 58CB966.Tokitomo, Steihaus, et al., 200525. m/0.32 mm/0.20 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 60 0C (1 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP970.Buettner and Welle, 200430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP970.Buettner, 200430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP981.Buettner, 200430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP984.Didzbalis, Ritter, et al., 200430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 60C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 230C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M963.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-10985.Baek and Cadwallader, 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB980.Martí, Mestres, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 100C => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 210C (10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax979.Peterson and Reineccius, 2003, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Qian and Reineccius, 200360. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C(4min) => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-FFAP968.Triqui and Bouchriti, 200330. m/0.3 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (5min) => 4C/min => 220C
CapillaryFFAP990.Bel Rhild, Fleury, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillaryFFAP990.Bel Rhild, Fleury, et al., 2002, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 oC/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
CapillaryFFAP976.Zehentbauer and Grosch, 199825. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 230C
CapillaryDB-FFAP967.Guth, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP967.Guth, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP981.Lizárraga-Guerra, Guth, et al., 1997He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C
CapillaryFFAP984.Schermann and Schieberle, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillaryFFAP984.Schermann and Schieberle, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB962.Luning, de Rijk, et al., 199450. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB962.Luning, de Rijk, et al., 199450. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
CapillarySupelcowax-10980.Schieberle and Grosch, 1994He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 4C/min => 240C
CapillaryFFAP967.Guth and Grosch, 1993Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax980.Milo and Grosch, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 200C
CapillaryFFAP990.Blank, Sen, et al., 1992Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M963.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.949.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.972.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Nicholson, G.R.; Szwarc, M.; Taylor, J.W., The heats of formation of diacetyl and of benzyl methyl ketone in the vapour phase, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2767-2769. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
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Nicholson, Szwarc, et al., 1954, 2
Nicholson, G.R.; Szwarc, M.; Taylor, J. Watson, The heats of formation of diacetyl and of benzyl methyl ketone in the vapour phase, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2767, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9540002767 . [all data]

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Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

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McGlynn, S.P.; Meeks, J.L., Photoelectron spectra of carbonyls: Acetaldehyde, acetamide, biacetyl, pyruvic acid, methyl pyruvate and vamide, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 269. [all data]

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Kelder, J.; Cerfontain, H.; Higginson, B.R.; Lloyd, D.R., Photoelectron and ultraviolet absorption spectra of cyclopropyl conjugated 1,2-diketones, Tetrahedron Lett., 1974, 739. [all data]

Arnett, Newkome, et al., 1974
Arnett, J.F.; Newkome, G.; Mattice, W.L.; McGlynn, S.P., Excited electronic states of the α-dicarbonyls, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 4385. [all data]

Cowan, Gleiter, et al., 1971
Cowan, D.O.; Gleiter, R.; Hashmall, J.A.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V., Interaction between the orbitals of lone pair electrons in dicarbonyl compounds, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1971, 10, 401. [all data]

Burgers, Holmes, et al., 1983
Burgers, P.C.; Holmes, J.L.; Szulejko, J.E.; Mommers, A.A.; Terlouw, J.K., The gas phase ion chemistry of the acetyl cation and isomeric [C2H3O]+ ions. On the structure of the [C2H3O]+ daughter ions generated from the enol of acetone radical cation, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1983, 18, 254. [all data]

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Holmes and Lossing, 1984
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Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966
Reymond, D.; Mueggler-Chavan, F.; Viani, R.; Vuataz, L.; Egli, R.H., Gas chromatographic analysis of steam volatile aroma constituents: application to coffee, tea and cocoa aromas, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 28-31, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.28 . [all data]

Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965
Viani, R.; Müggler-Chavan, F.; Reymond, D.; Egli, R.H., 196. Sur la composition de l'arôme de café, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 195-196, 1809-1815, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480743 . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R.; Guentert, M., Volatile Constituents of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 2, 471-477, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a031 . [all data]

Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981
Shibamoto, T.; Kamiya, Y.; Mihara, S., Isolation and identification of volatile compounds in cooked meat: sukiyaki, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 1, 57-63, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00103a015 . [all data]

Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990
Shimoda, M.; Shibamoto, T., Isolation and identification of headspace volatiles from brewed coffee with an on-column GC/MS method, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 3, 802-804, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a045 . [all data]

Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990
Tatsuka, K.; Suekane, S.; Sakai, Y.; Sumitani, H., Volatile constituents of kiwi fruit flowers: simultaneous distillation and extraction versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 12, 2176-2180, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00102a015 . [all data]

Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 1989
Nishimura, O.; Yamaguchi, K.; Mihara, S.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile Constituents of Guava Fruits (Psidium guajava L.) and Canned Puree, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 1, 139-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00085a033 . [all data]

Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986
Umano, K.; Shoji, A.; Hagi, Y.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of peel of quince fruit, Cydonia oblonga Miller, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1986, 34, 4, 593-596, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00070a003 . [all data]

Galt and MacLeod, 1984
Galt, A.M.; MacLeod, G., Headspace sampling of cooked beef aroma using Tenax GC, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 1, 59-64, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00121a016 . [all data]

MacLeod and Pieris, 1983
MacLeod, A.J.; Pieris, N.M., Volatile components of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with particular reference to glucosinolate products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 5, 1005-1008, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00119a021 . [all data]

Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980
Brander, C.F.; Kepner, R.E.; Webb, A.D., Identification of Some Volatile Compounds of Wine of Vitis Vinifera Cultivar Pinot Noir, Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 1980, 31, 1, 69-75. [all data]

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Drake M.; Benitez D.; Cadwallader K.R., Instrumental and sensory characterization of heat-induced odorants in aseptically packaged soy milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3018-3026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631225 . [all data]

Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Miracle E.R.; Krause A.J.; Drake M.; Cadwallader K.R., Effect of cold storage and packaging material on the major aroma components of sweet cream butter, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 19, 7840-7846, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071075q . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

Insausti, Goñi, et al., 2005
Insausti, K.; Goñi, V.; Petri, E.; Gorraiz, C.; Beriain, M.J., Effect of weight at slaughter on the volatile compounds of cooked beef from Spanish cattle breeds, Meat Sci., 2005, 70, 1, 83-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.12.003 . [all data]

Mahattanatawee, Goodner, et al., 2005
Mahattanatawee, K.; Goodner, K.L.; Baldwin, E.A., Volatile constituents and character impact compounds of selected Florida's tropical fruit, Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 2005, 118, 414-418. [all data]

Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004
Avsar, Y.K.; Karagul-Yuceer, Y.; Drake, M.A.; Singh, T.K.; Yoon, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characterization of nutty flavor in cheddar cheese, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 7, 1999-2010, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70017-X . [all data]

Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004
Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004
Mahajan, S.S.; Goddik, L.; Qian, M.C., Aroma Compounds in Sweet Whey Powder, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 12, 4057-4063, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73547-X . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Volatile components of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grown in Cuba, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 318-320, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698731 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1269 . [all data]

Siegmund and Murkovic, 2004
Siegmund, B.; Murkovic, M., Changes in chemical composition of pumpkin seeds during the roasting process for production of pumpkin seed oil (Part 2: volatile compounds), Food Chem., 2004, 84, 3, 367-374, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00241-3 . [all data]

Peterson and Reineccius, 2003
Peterson, D.G.; Reineccius, G.A., Characterization of the volatile compounds that constitute fresh sweet cream butter aroma, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 3, 215-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1192 . [all data]

Peterson and Reineccius, 2003, 2
Peterson, D.G.; Reineccius, G.A., Determination of the aroma impact compounds in heated sweet cream butter, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 320-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1228 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of fruits of Garcinia dulcis Kurz. from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1187 . [all data]

Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2002
Duckham, S.C.; Dodson, A.T.; Bakker, J.; Ames, J.M., Effect of cultivar and storage time on the volatile flavor components of baked potato, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 20, 5640-5648, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011326+ . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2, 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010648a . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Pino, J.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A., Volatile constituents of star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 401-403, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1116 . [all data]

Wu and Cadwallader, 2002
Wu, Y.-F.G.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characterization of the aroma of a meatlike process flavoring from soybean-based enzyme-hydrolyzed vegetable protein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 10, 2900-2907, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0114076 . [all data]

Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 2002
Zhou, Q.; Wintersteen, C.L.; Cadwallader, K.R., Identification and quantification of aroma-active components that contribute to the distinct malty flavor of buckwheat honey, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 7, 2016-2021, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011436g . [all data]

Baek, Kim, et al., 2001
Baek, H.H.; Kim, C.J.; Ahn, B.H.; Nam, H.S.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma extract dilution analysis of a beeflike process flavor from extruded enzyme-hydrolyzed soybean protein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 2, 790-793, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000609j . [all data]

Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2001
Bruna, J.M.; Hierro, E.M.; de la Hoz, L.; Mottram, D.S.; Fernández, M.; Ordóñez, J.A., The contribution of Penicillium aurantiogriseum to the volatile composition and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages, Meat Sci., 2001, 59, 1, 97-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00058-4 . [all data]

Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 2001
Larráyoz, P.; Addis, M.; Gauch, R.; Bosset, J.O., Comparison of dynamic headspace and simultaneous distillation extraction techniques used for the analysis of the volatile components in three European PDO ewes milk cheeses, Int. Dairy J., 2001, 11, 11-12, 911-926, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00144-3 . [all data]

Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 2001
Lee, G.-H.; Suriyaphan, O.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma components of cooked tail meat of American lobster (Homarus americanus), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4324-4332, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001523t . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Hierro, E., Two-fibre solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds in cooked pork, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 905, 1-2, 233-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00990-0 . [all data]

Chevance and Farmer, 1999
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J., Identification of major volatile odor compounds in frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5151-5160, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990515d . [all data]

Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 1998
Aaslyng, M.D.; Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S., Comparison of the aroma characteristics of acid-hydrolyzed and enzyme-hydrolyzed vegetable proteins produced from soy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5225-5231, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9806816 . [all data]

Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998
Verdier-Metz., I.; Coulon, J.-B.; PPradel, P.; Viallon, C.; Berdague, J.-L., Effect of forage conservation (hay or silage) and cow breed on the coagulation properties of milks and on the characteristics of ripened cheeses, J. Dairy Res., 1998, 65, 1, 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029997002616 . [all data]

Milo and Reineccius, 1997
Milo, C.; Reineccius, G.A., Identification and quantification of potent odorants in regular-fat and low-fat mild cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 9, 3590-3594, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970152m . [all data]

Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1992
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Notes

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