Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester

Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
Molecular weight: 172.2646
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-5-8(3)7-12-10(11)9(4)6-2/h8-9H,5-7H2,1-4H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PVYFCGRBIREQLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 2445-78-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
Other names: Butyric acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester; 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate; 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate; dl-2-Methylbutyric acid 2-methylbutyl ester; 2-Methylbutanoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester; 2-Methyl buthyl 2-methyl butanoate
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Gas Chromatography

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Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1107.	Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-1	1090.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	1091.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax	1284.	Rowan, Lane, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 220C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	1090.	Sonboli, Azizian, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min; T_start: 60. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1106.1	Andriamaharavo, 2014	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min)
Capillary	DB-1	1090.	Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -20C (5min) => 10C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 280C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1285.	Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1274.	Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	SE-30	70.	1096.	Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	ZB-1	1087.	Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 3. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-1	1096.	Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	DB-1	1088.	Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	HP-1	1090.	Filippi, Lanfranchi, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 40. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SE-52	1100.	Ozcan, Chalchat, et al., 2006	Helium, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	RTX-5Sil	1105.	Holland, Larkov, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	1104.4	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	DB-5	1103.	Masotti, Juteau, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	ZB-1	1087.	Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	RSL-200	1078.	Ngassoum, Jirovetz, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	OV-101	1088.	Camciuc, Bessière, et al., 1998	50. m/0.22 mm/1. μm, He, 100. C @ 1. min, 1. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5	1105.	Larsen and Frisvad, 1995	35. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	1089.	Binder and Flath, 1989	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	SE-30	1096.	Alves and Jennings, 1979	Helium, 2. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1102.	Nance and Setzer, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	RTX-5	1106.	Leela, Vipin, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 60 0C 95 min) 110 0C 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 5 0C/min -> 220 0C 95 min)
Capillary	SE-52	1109.	Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	DB-1	1090.	Binder and Flath, 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	1282.	Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Wax CB	1277.	Alves, da Penha, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 150. C @ 5. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1305.	Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 0.32 μm
Capillary	HP-20M	1260.	Filippi, Lanfranchi, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.1 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1276.	Dregus and Engel, 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	Innowax	1286.	Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1279.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1267.	Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009	20. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (1 min) 2/9 0C/min -> 100 0C 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (5 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1286.	Suleimenov Y.M., Atazhanova G.A., et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1283.	Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C (5min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1286.	Viljoen, Subramoney, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1286.	Demirci, Baser, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP-Innowax FSC	1286.	Kaya, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1286.	Baser, Demirci, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 10 K/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1K/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	FFAP	1292.	Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C(2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1292.	López, Lavilla, et al., 1998	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C (1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C (5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1279.	Binder and Flath, 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005
Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W., Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 1, 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.005 . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R.; Guentert, M., Volatile Constituents of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 2, 471-477, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a031 . [all data]

Rowan, Lane, et al., 1996
Rowan, D.D.; Lane, H.P.; Allen, J.M.; Fielder, S.; Hunt, M.B., Biosynthesis of 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and 2-methylbutanoate esters in Red Delicious and Granny Smith apples using deuterium-labeled substrates, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 10, 3276-3285, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9508209 . [all data]

Sonboli, Azizian, et al., 2007
Sonboli, A.; Azizian, D.; Yousefzadi, M.; Kanani, M.R.; Mehrabian, A.R., Volatile constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Tetrataenium lasiopetalum (Apiaceae) from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 119-122, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1767 . [all data]

Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]

Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000
Eri, S.; Khoo, B.K.; Lech, J.; Hartman, T.G., Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1140-1149, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9911850 . [all data]

Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 2006
Kourkoutas, D.; Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S., Comparison of the volatile compositions and flavour properties of cantaloupe, Galia and honeydew muskmelons, Food Chem., 2006, 97, 1, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.026 . [all data]

Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Ledauphin, J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F.; Lablanquie, O.; Guichard, H.; Founier, N.; Guichard, E.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5124-5134, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040052y . [all data]

Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977
Yabumoto, K.; Jennings, W.G.; Yamaguchi, M., Gas chromatographic retention as identification criteria, Anal. Biochem., 1977, 78, 1, 244-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90029-X . [all data]

Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A., Composition of commercial Cape chamomile oil (Eriocephalus punctuatus / Eriocephalus tenuifolius), 2008, retrieved from http://www.chemische-analysen-hamburg.de/Publikationen?Cape_Chamomile_Oil/. [all data]

Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007
Audino, P.G.; Alzogaray, R.A.; Vassena, C.; Masuh, H.; Fontán, A.; Gatti, P.; Martínez, A.; Camps, F.; Cork, A.; Zerba, E., Volatile compounds secreted by Brindley's glands of adult Triatoma infestans: identification and biological activity of previously unidentified compounds, Journal of Vector Ecology, 2007, 32, 1, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[75:VCSBBO]2.0.CO;2 . [all data]

Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007
Sonboli, A.; Kanani, M.R.; Yousefzadi, M.; Mojarrad, M., Biological activity and composition of the essential oil of Tetrataenium nephrophyllum (Apiaceae) from Iran, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1249-1252. [all data]

Filippi, Lanfranchi, et al., 2006
Filippi, J.-J.; Lanfranchi, D.-A.; Prado, S.; Baldovini, N.; Meierhenrich, U.J., Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica All. from Corsica, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 17, 6308-6313, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060752y . [all data]

Ozcan, Chalchat, et al., 2006
Ozcan, M.M.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Arslan, D.; Ates, A.; Unver, A., Comparative Essential Oil Composition and Antifungal Effect of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) Fruit Oils Obtained During Different Vegetation, J. Medicinal Food, 2006, 9, 4, 552-561, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.552 . [all data]

Holland, Larkov, et al., 2005
Holland, D.; Larkov, O.; Bar-Ya'akov, I.; Bar, E.; Zax, A.; Brandeis, E.; Ravid, U.; Lewinsohn, E., Developmental and varietal differences in volatile ester formation and acetyl-CoA: alcohol acetyl transferase activities in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 18, 7198-7203, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050519k . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

Masotti, Juteau, et al., 2003
Masotti, V.; Juteau, F.; Bessière, J.M.; Viano, J., Seasonal and phenological variations of the essential oil from the narrow endemic species Artemisia molinieri and its biological activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 24, 7115-7121, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034621y . [all data]

Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A., Composition of commercial Cape chamomile oil (Eriocephalus punctulatus), Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 510-514, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1259 . [all data]

Ngassoum, Jirovetz, et al., 2001
Ngassoum, M.B.; Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G., SPME/GC/MS analysis of headspace aroma compounds of the Cameroonian fruit Tetrapleura tetraptera (Thonn.) Taub., Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 213, 1, 18-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170100330 . [all data]

Camciuc, Bessière, et al., 1998
Camciuc, M.; Bessière, J.M.; Vilarem, G.; Gaset, A., Volatile components in okra seed coat, Phytochemistry, 1998, 48, 2, 311-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01127-8 . [all data]

Larsen and Frisvad, 1995
Larsen, T.O.; Frisvad, J.C., Characterization of volatile metabolites from 47 Penicillium taxa, Mycol. Res., 1995, 99, 10, 1153-1166, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80271-2 . [all data]

Binder and Flath, 1989
Binder, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile components of pineapple guava, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 734-736, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a034 . [all data]

Alves and Jennings, 1979
Alves, S.; Jennings, W.G., Volatile composition of certain Amazonian fruits, Food Chem., 1979, 4, 2, 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(79)90039-6 . [all data]

Nance and Setzer, 2011
Nance, M.R.; Setzer, W.N., Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing, J. of Brewing and Distilling, 2011, 2, 2, 16-22. [all data]

Leela, Vipin, et al., 2009
Leela, N.K.; Vipin, T.M.; Shafeekh, K.M.; Priyanka, V.; Rema, J., Chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burman f.) Bercht Presl., Flavor Fragr. J., 2009, 24, 1, 13-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1910 . [all data]

Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 2006
Tognolini, M.; Barocelli, E.; Ballabeni, V.; Bruni, R.; Bianchi, A.; Chiavarini, M.; Impicciatore, M., Comparative screening of plant essential oils: Phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity, Life Sciences, 2006, 78, 13, 1419-1432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.07.020 . [all data]

Alves, da Penha, et al., 2012
Alves, V.C.C.; da Penha, M.F.A.; Pinto, N. deO.F.; Garruti, D. dosS., Volatile compounds profile of Musa FHIA 02: an option to counter losses by Black Sigatoka, Nat. Prod. J., 2012, 5, 55-60. [all data]

Dregus and Engel, 2003
Dregus, M.; Engel, K.-H., Volatile constituents of uncooked Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) stalks, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6530-6536, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030399l . [all data]

Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003
Suleimenov, E.M.; Atazharova, G.A.; Demirchi, B.; Baser, K.H.C.; Adekenov, S.M., Essential oil composition of Artemisia Lercheana and A. Sieversiana of Kazakhstan flora in Recent problems of development of new medicines of natural origin, Proceedings of symposium, St.Petersburg - Pushkin, 2003, 382-385. [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from leaves of Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pamp.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 8, 3463-3469, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0001738 . [all data]

Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009
Rowan, D.D.; Hunt, M.B.; Dimouro A.; Alspach P.A.; Weskett R.; Volz, R.K.; Gardiner, S.E.; Chagne, D., Profiling fruit volatiles in the progeny of a Royal Gala x Granny Smith apple (Malus x domestica) cross, J. Agr. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 17, 7953-7961, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901678v . [all data]

Suleimenov Y.M., Atazhanova G.A., et al., 2006
Suleimenov Y.M.; Atazhanova G.A.; Ozek T.; Demirci B.; Kulyyasov A.T.; Adekenov S.M.; Baser K.H.C., Essential oil composition of three species of Achillea from Kazakhstan, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2006, 37, 5, 447-450, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014471326724 . [all data]

Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005
Mattheis, J.P.; Fan, X.; Argenta, L.C., Interactive Responses of Gala Apple Fruit Volatile Production to Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Chemical Inhibition of Ethylene Action, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 11, 4510-4516, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050121o . [all data]

Viljoen, Subramoney, et al., 2005
Viljoen, A.M.; Subramoney, S.; van Vuuren, S.F.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B., The composition, geographical variation and antimicrobial activity of Lippia javanica (Verbenaceae) leaf essential oils, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 96, 1-2, 271-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.017 . [all data]

Demirci, Baser, et al., 2003
Demirci, B.; Baser, K.H.C.; Yildiz, B.; Bahcecioglu, Z., Composition of the essential oils of six endemic Salvia spp. from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 116-121, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1173 . [all data]

Kaya, Demirci, et al., 2003
Kaya, A.; Demirci, B.; Baser, K.H.C., The essential oil of Seseli tortuosum L. growing in Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 159-161, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1162 . [all data]

Baser, Demirci, et al., 2001
Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Tabanca, N.; Özek, T.; Gören, N., Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip., T. balsamita L., T. chiliophyllum (Fisch. Mey.) Schultz Bip. var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani (Rech. fil.) Grierson and the enantiomeric distribution of camphor and carvone, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.977 . [all data]

Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 2000
Lopez, M.L.; Lavilla, M.T.; Recasens, I.; Graell, J.; Vendrell, M., Changes in aroma quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples after storage at different oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 3, 311-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200002)80:3<311::AID-JSFA519>3.0.CO;2-F . [all data]

López, Lavilla, et al., 1998
López, M.L.; Lavilla, T.; Recasens, I.; Riba, M.; Vendrell, M., Influence of different oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations during storage on production of volatile compounds by Starking delicious apples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 634-643, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9608938 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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