Germacrene D

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-12(2)15-10-8-13(3)6-5-7-14(4)9-11-15/h7-8,10,12,15H,3,5-6,9,11H2,1-2,4H3/b10-8-,14-7-
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GAIBLDCXCZKKJE-BZXLUOIMSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 23986-74-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
Other names: (S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene; D-Germacrene; 1(10),4(14),5-Germacratriene; (-)-Germacrene D; 1,6-Cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-, [s-(E,E)]-
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Other data available:
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	HP-Innowax	BP-20	HP-20M	HP-20M
Column length (m)	50.	30.	50.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.22	0.2	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.2
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	70.	70.
T_end (C)	220.	280.	220.	180.	180.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	2.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)				4.	4.
Final hold (min)	20.		20.	10.	15.
I	1705.	1719.	1705.	1693.	1681.
Reference	Boti, Koukoua, et al., 2007	Kundakovic, Fokialakis, et al., 2007	Lesueur, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2007	Maksimovic, Vidic, et al., 2007	Maric, Jukic, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-Wax	RTX-Wax	RTX-Wax	HP-20M	HP-Innowax
Column length (m)	60.	60.	60.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.2	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.5
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	230.	230.	180.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)				4.
Final hold (min)	30.	35.	35.	15.
I	1676.	1701.	1700.	1673.	1727.
Reference	Muselli, Rossi, et al., 2007	Paolini J., Costa J., et al., 2007	Paolini, Muselli, et al., 2007	Politeo, Jukic, et al., 2007	Saroglou, Marin, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	Polyethylene Glycol	HP-Wax	BP-20	Supelcowax-10
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	He	N2	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.32	0.25	0.22	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	220.	230.	220.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	5.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)		10.	10.
Final hold (min)	20.	15.		20.	15.
I	1701.	1710.	1712.	1707.	1699.
Reference	Boti, Bighelli, et al., 2006	Dob, Dahmane, et al., 2006	Flamini, Tebano, et al., 2006	Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 2006	Pinto, Pina-Vaz, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Supelcowax-10	BP-20	PEG	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.22	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	60.	50.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	2.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)			3.
Final hold (min)	15.	20.	15.	20.	20.
I	1699.	1703.	1702.	1693.	1690.
Reference	Salgueiro L.R., Pinto E., et al., 2006	Boti J.B., Koukoua G., et al., 2005	Dob, Berramdane, et al., 2005	Fanciullino, Gancel, et al., 2005	Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax	RTX-Wax	BP-20	Megawax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	60.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.22	0.22	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	230.	230.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	2.	5.
Initial hold (min)	3.			6.	10.
Final hold (min)	20.	35.	35.	10.
I	1694.	1701.	1704.	1664.	1716.
Reference	Lee, Lee, et al., 2005	Paolini, Costa, et al., 2005	Vellutini, Baldovini, et al., 2005	Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2005	Bertoli, Menichini, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Wax	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10	HP-Wax	HP-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	60.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.2	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	32.	70.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	240.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	10.
Final hold (min)			15.
I	1716.	1708.	1703.	1722.	1722.
Reference	Bertoli, Pistelli, et al., 2004	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2004	Cavaleiro, Salgueiro, et al., 2004	Flamini, Bader, et al., 2004	Flamini, Cioni, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Wax	BP-20	HP-Innowax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	260.	200.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	2.	3.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)	10.			5.	5.
Final hold (min)		20.		20.	20.
I	1722.	1706.	1726.	1694.	1685.
Reference	Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2004	Gonny, Bradesi, et al., 2004	Grujic-Jovanovic, Skaltsa, et al., 2004	Yu, Kim, et al., 2004	Yu, Kim, et al., 2004, 2
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	HP-Wax	HP-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	N2	N2	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	60.	40.	70.
T_end (C)	200.	220.	220.	250.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	5.	5.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.	10.	10.		2.
Final hold (min)	20.			20.	20.
I	1701.	1699.	1722.	1678.	1722.
Reference	Zheng, Kim, et al., 2004	Bader, Caponi, et al., 2003	Bader, Caponi, et al., 2003, 2	Brat, Rega, et al., 2003	Choi, 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Wax	DB-Wax	RTX-Wax	HP-Innowax	HP-Innowax
Column length (m)	30.	60.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	H2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.5
T_start (C)	60.	40.	45.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	245.	250.	260.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	1.5	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	10.		6.
Final hold (min)		20.
I	1722.	1690.	1684.	1727.	1710.
Reference	Emilio Tomei, Manganelli, et al., 2003	Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2003	Shellie, Marriott, et al., 2003	Skaltsa, Demetzos, et al., 2003	Tzakou, Couladis, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Megawax	DB-Wax	BP-20	RTX-Wax	AT-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	60.	50.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	N2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	70.	60.	45.	65.
T_end (C)	220.	230.	220.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	6.			6.	10.
Final hold (min)	10.	20.	20.	10.	60.
I	1664.	1705.	1704.	1681.	1684.
Reference	Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2003	Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2002	Mondello, Zappia, et al., 2002	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Innowax	HP-Innowax	BP-20	AT-Wax	BP-20
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	60.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.32	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.50	0.50	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	65.	60.
T_end (C)	260.	260.	220.	250.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)				10.
Final hold (min)	10.			60.	20.
I	1713.	1710.	1704.	1684.	1701.
Reference	Couladis, Baziou, et al., 2001	Couladis, Tzakou, et al., 2001	Lota, Serra, et al., 2001	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001	Rezzi, Bighelli, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	CP-Wax 52CB
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	60.	25.
Carrier gas		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.5	0.53	0.53	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.32	1.0	1.0	0.15
T_start (C)	60.	40.	50.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	290.	220.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		2.			5.
Final hold (min)	20.	5.
I	1704.	1717.	1715.	1715.	1708.
Reference	Baldovini, Ristorcelli, et al., 2000	Bartley and Jacobs, 2000	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2000	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2000, 2	Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10	BP-20	BP-20
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.22	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	40.	75.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	200.	200.	230.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.5	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.	5.
Final hold (min)	20.	20.		35.	35.
I	1724.	1707.	1710.	1697.	1704.
Reference	Choi and Sawamura, 2000	Kim, Thuy, et al., 2000	Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Megawax	DB-Wax	BP-20	Innowax	Carbowax 20M
Column length (m)	30.	60.	50.	60.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.53	0.22	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.3
T_start (C)	40.	50.	60.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	230.	180.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	2.	2.5	3.
Initial hold (min)	6.			5.	1.
Final hold (min)	10.		35.		20.
I	1664.	1715.	1704.	1721.	1690.
Reference	Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2000	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1999	Lota, Serra, et al., 1999	Stashenko, Cervantes, et al., 1999	Bicchi, Rubiolo, et al., 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Carbowax 20M	SP-1000	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	60.	60.	25.	85.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.5	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)			0.3		0.5
T_start (C)	65.	35.	50.	65.	50.
T_end (C)	225.	220.	200.	225.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)			1.
Final hold (min)			20.		20.
I	1715.	1715.	1696.	1715.	1714.
Reference	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1998	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1998, 2	Bicchi, Fresia, et al., 1997	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1997	Sagrero-Nieves, Bartley, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP-Wax 52CB	DB-Wax	Carbowax 20M	DB-Wax	HP-20M
Column length (m)	50.	60.	50.	60.	50.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.23	0.25	0.2	0.20	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.12	0.25	0.2	0.20
T_start (C)	50.	50.	30.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	200.	180.	170.	180.	190.
Heat rate (K/min)	1.5	2.5	4.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	10.	5.	2.	5.
Final hold (min)	10.		20.
I	1720.	1726.	1708.	1713.	1705.
Reference	Chyau, Mau, et al., 1996	Stashenko, Prada, et al., 1996	Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995	Stashenko, Wiame, et al., 1995	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	30.
Carrier gas	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5
T_start (C)	40.
T_end (C)	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1702.
Reference	Le Quere and Latrasse, 1990
Comment	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Boti, Koukoua, et al., 2007
Boti, J.B.; Koukoua, G.; N'Guessan, T.Y.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of Conyza sumatrensis and Microglossa pyrifolia from Côte d'Ivoire, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 27-31, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1743 . [all data]

Kundakovic, Fokialakis, et al., 2007
Kundakovic, T.; Fokialakis, N.; Kovacevic, N.; Chinou, I., Essential oil composition of Achillea lingulata and A. umbellata, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 184-187, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1778 . [all data]

Lesueur, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2007
Lesueur, D.; de Rocca Serra, D.; Bighelli, A.; Hoi, T.M.; Ban, N.K.; Thai, T.H.; Casanova, J., Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Michelia foveolata Merryll ex Dandy from Vietnam, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 317-321, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1799 . [all data]

Maksimovic, Vidic, et al., 2007
Maksimovic, M.; Vidic, D.; Milos, M.; Solic, M.E.; Abadzic, S.; Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Effect of the environmental conditions on essential oil profile in two Dinaric Salvia species: S. brachyodon Vandas and S. officinalis L., Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 8, 473-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.02.005 . [all data]

Maric, Jukic, et al., 2007
Maric, S.; Jukic, M.; Katalinic, V.; Milos, M., Comparison of chemical composition and free radical scavenging ability of glycosidically bound and free volatiles from Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii Christ. var. leucodermis), Molecules, 2007, 12, 3, 283-289, https://doi.org/10.3390/12030283 . [all data]

Muselli, Rossi, et al., 2007
Muselli, A.; Rossi, P.-G.; Desjobert, J.-M.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Berti, L.; Costa, J., Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. Link essential oils from Corsica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 217-223, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1787 . [all data]

Paolini J., Costa J., et al., 2007
Paolini J.; Costa J.; Bernardini A.F., Analysis of the essential oil from the roots of Eupatorium cannabinum subsp corsicum (L.) by GC, GC-MS and C-13-NMR, Phytochem. Anal., 2007, 18, 3, 235-244, https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.977 . [all data]

Paolini, Muselli, et al., 2007
Paolini, J.; Muselli, A.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Bighelli, A.; Casanova, J.; Costa, J., Thymol derivatives from essential oil of Doronicum corsicum L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 479-487, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1824 . [all data]

Politeo, Jukic, et al., 2007
Politeo, O.; Jukic, M.; Milos, M., Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of free volatile aglycones from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) compared with its essential oil, Food Chem., 2007, 101, 1, 379-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.045 . [all data]

Saroglou, Marin, et al., 2007
Saroglou, V.; Marin, P.D.; Rancic, A.; Veljic, M.; Skaltsa, H., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of six Hypericum species from Serbia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 3, 146-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.009 . [all data]

Boti, Bighelli, et al., 2006
Boti, J.B.; Bighelli, A.; Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus berry and leaf oils from Corsica, analysed by combination of GC, GC-MS and ¹³C-NMR, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 268-273, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1579 . [all data]

Dob, Dahmane, et al., 2006
Dob, T.; Dahmane, D.; Agli, M.; Chelghoum, C., Essential oil composition of Lavandula stoechas from Algeria, Pharm. Biol., 2006, 44, 1, 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200500496421 . [all data]

Flamini, Tebano, et al., 2006
Flamini, G.; Tebano, M.; Cioni, P.L.; Bagci, Y.; Dural, H.; Ertugrul, K.; Uysal, T.; Savran, A., A multivariate statistical approach to Centaurea classification using essential oil composition data of some species from Turkey, Pl. Syst. Evol., 2006, 261, 1-4, 217-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-006-0448-3 . [all data]

Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 2006
Gonny, M.; Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L.; Casanova, J., Analysis of Juniperus communis subsp. alpina needle, berry, wood and root oils by combination of GC, GC/MS and ¹³C-NMR, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1527 . [all data]

Pinto, Pina-Vaz, et al., 2006
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Salgueiro L.R., Pinto E., et al., 2006
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Bartley and Jacobs, 2000
Bartley, J.P.; Jacobs, A.L., Effects of drying on flavour compounds in Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale), J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 2, 209-215, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000115)80:2<209::AID-JSFA516>3.0.CO;2-8 . [all data]

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Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2000, 2
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Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000
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Choi and Sawamura, 2000
Choi, H.-S.; Sawamura, M., Composition of the essential oil of Citrus tamurana Hort. ex Tanaka (Hyuganatsu), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 10, 4868-4873, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000651e . [all data]

Kim, Thuy, et al., 2000
Kim, T.H.; Thuy, N.T.; Shin, J.H.; Baek, H.H.; Lee, H.J., Aroma-active compounds of miniature beefsteakplant (Mosla dianthera Maxim.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 7, 2877-2881, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000219x . [all data]

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Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000
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Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2000
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Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1999
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Lota, Serra, et al., 1999
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Brophy, J.J.; Goldsack, R.J.; Forster, P.I., The leaf essential oils of the Australian species of Rhodamnia (Myrtaceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 5, 345-354, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199709/10)12:5<345::AID-FFJ658>3.0.CO;2-6 . [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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