Azulene, 1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1R-(1α,3aβ,4α,7β)]-

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-10(2)13-7-5-11(3)14-8-6-12(4)15(14)9-13/h9,11-14H,1,5-8H2,2-4H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DUYRYUZIBGFLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 22567-17-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
- (+)-γ-Gurjunene
Other names: 1β,4βH,10βH-Guaia-5,11-diene; γ-Gurjunene; 7-Isopropenyl-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulene; 1α,3aβ,4α,7β-Azulene, 1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl); [1R-(1α,3aβ,4α,7β)]-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-7-isopropenyl-1,4-dimethylazulene
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	HP-5	HP-5 MS	DB-5	HP-5 MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium	Nitrogen	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	100.	40.	70.
T_end (C)	250.	240.	220.	230.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	2.	2.	5.
Initial hold (min)		5.			1.
Final hold (min)					5.
I	1477.	1459.	1471.	1477.	1479.
Reference	Ho, Wang, et al., 2010	Monsef-Esfahani, Miri, et al., 2010	Pripdeevech, Chumpolsri, et al., 2010	Scrivanti, Anton, et al., 2009	Bouwmeester, de Kraker, et al., 2008
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-5 MS	HP-5	Col-Elite 5MS	HP-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	100.	50.	60.	30.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	300.	250.	246.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	5.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.	5.	30.
Final hold (min)	5.	5.			20.
I	1473.	1468.	1473.	1487.	1468.
Reference	Lago, Romoff, et al., 2008	Noudogbessi, Yedomonhan, et al., 2008	Yassa and Akhani, 2008	Gudaityte and Venskutonis R.P., 2007	Hachicha, Skanji, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5 MS	HP-5	HP-5MS	HP-5	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	Hydrogen	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	40.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	260.	250.	260.	300.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	5.	4.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)		30.		5.
Final hold (min)	20.
I	1475.	1473.	1472.2	1472.	1471.
Reference	Rojas, Velasco, et al., 2007	Yassa and Akhani, 2007	Zizovic, Stamenic, et al., 2007	Champagnat, Figueredo, et al., 2006	Ebrahim Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	CP Sil 5 CB	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He		N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	40.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	220.	200.	220.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	5.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)					5.
Final hold (min)	10.	3.
I	1473.	1477.	1468.	1478.	1471.
Reference	Havlik, Kokoska, et al., 2006	Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2006	Martin, Joseph, et al., 2006	Morteza-Semnani, Akbarzadeh, et al., 2006	Askari and Sefidkon, 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-1	DB-5	CP Sil 5 CB
Column length (m)	30.	30.	60.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.15
T_start (C)	50.	60.	50.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	300.	250.	250.	220.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	4.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.		5.	4.
Final hold (min)	5.	10.
I	1459.	1484.	1472.	1479.	1471.
Reference	Figuérédo, Cabassu, et al., 2005	Jassbi, Mehrdad, et al., 2005	Khajeh, Yamini, et al., 2005	Morteza-Semnani and Saeedi, 2005	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	DB-5	DB-5	RTX-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	95.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	300.	300.	25.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	3.	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)				10.	10.
I	1463.	1470.	1470.	1454.	1446.
Reference	Pala-Paul, Perez-Alonso, et al., 2005	Simoes-Pires C.A., Debenedetti S., et al., 2005	Simoes-Pires C.A., Debenedetti S., et al., 2005	Sonboli, Salehi, et al., 2005	Sonboli, Salehi, et al., 2005, 2
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5 MS	ZB-5	RTX-1	DB-5MS	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	60.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.50	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	40.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	260.	260.	300.	280.	275.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	6.	4.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)		4.6
Final hold (min)	20.	1.		30.
I	1472.	1491.	1461.	1454.	1473.
Reference	Topçu, Barla, et al., 2005	Jürgens and Dötterl, 2004	Kalemba and Thiem, 2004	Marongiu, Piras, et al., 2004	Afsharypuor and Jahromy, 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5	DB-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	250.	280.	280.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)	2.
Final hold (min)	10.
I	1477.	1470.	1451.	1454.	1451.
Reference	Juteau, Jerkovic, et al., 2003	Limberger, Simões-Pires, et al., 2003	Pitarokili, Tzakou, et al., 2003	Ahmadi, Mirza, et al., 2002	Sefidkon, Dabiri, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-1	DB-5	DB-1	DB-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	25.	60.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	Nitrogen	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.50	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	75.
T_end (C)	300.	270.	240.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	3.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)					1.
Final hold (min)					8.
I	1471.	1472.	1475.0	1473.	1487.
Reference	Kalemba, Marschall, et al., 2001	Palmeira, Conserva, et al., 2001	Santos, Moreira, et al., 2001	Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 2000	Bailac, Dellacasa, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	DB-1	SE-54
Column length (m)	30.	30.		30.
Carrier gas	He	He		Hydrogen
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25		0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25
T_start (C)	40.	65.	80.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	300.	220.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	6.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.	2.		5.
Final hold (min)	60.			2.
I	1471.	1479.	1474.	1465.
Reference	Porta, Porcedda, et al., 1999	Elias, Simoneit, et al., 1997	Salgueiro, Vila, et al., 1997	Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Ho, Wang, et al., 2010
Ho, C.-L.; Wang, E.I.-C.; Yu, H.-T.; Yu, H.-M.; Su, Y.-C., Composition amd antioxidant activities of essential oils of different tissues from Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, Quarterly J. Chin. Forestry, 2010, 32, 1, 63-76. [all data]

Monsef-Esfahani, Miri, et al., 2010
Monsef-Esfahani, H.R.; Miri, A.; Amini, M.; Amanzadeh, Y.; Hadjiakhoondi, A.; Hajiaghaee, R.; Ajani, Y., Seasonal variations in the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Teucrium persicum Boiss. essential oils, Res. J. Biol. Sci., 2010, 5, 7, 492-498, https://doi.org/10.3923/rjbsci.2010.492.498 . [all data]

Pripdeevech, Chumpolsri, et al., 2010
Pripdeevech, P.; Chumpolsri, W.; Suttiarporn, P.; Wongpornchai, S., The chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Basil from Thailand using retention indices and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, J. Seb. Chem. Soc., 2010, 75, 11, 1503-1513, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC100203125P . [all data]

Scrivanti, Anton, et al., 2009
Scrivanti, L.R.; Anton, A.M.; Zygadlo, J.A., Essential oil conposition of Bothriochloa Kuntze (Poaceae) from South America and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Systematics Ecol., 2009, 37, 3, 206-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2009.03.009 . [all data]

Bouwmeester, de Kraker, et al., 2008
Bouwmeester, H.J.; de Kraker, J.-W.; Schurink, M.; Bino, R.J.; de Groot, A., Plant Enzymes for Bioconversion, 2008, 57. [all data]

Lago, Romoff, et al., 2008
Lago, J.H.G.; Romoff, P.; Favero, O.A.; Souza, F.O.; Soares, M.G.; Baraldi, P.T.; Correa, A.G., Chemical composition of male and female Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae) essential oils, Biochem. Systematics Ecol., 2008, 36, 9, 737-740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2008.05.009 . [all data]

Noudogbessi, Yedomonhan, et al., 2008
Noudogbessi, J.-P.; Yedomonhan, P.; Sohounhloue, D.C.K.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Figueredo, G., Chemical composition of essential oil of syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. var. guineense (Myrtaceae) from Benin, Rec. Nat. Prod., 2008, 33-38. [all data]

Yassa and Akhani, 2008
Yassa, N.; Akhani, H., The essential oils composition in two species of the genus Eriocycla Lindl. (Apiaceae) from Iran, 2008, retrieved from http://biology.ut.ac.ir/members/akhani/PdfReprintNumber/27.pdf. [all data]

Gudaityte and Venskutonis R.P., 2007
Gudaityte, O.; Venskutonis R.P., Chemotypes of Achillea millefolium transferred from 14 different locations in Lithuania to the controlled environment, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 9, 582-592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.03.016 . [all data]

Hachicha, Skanji, et al., 2007
Hachicha, S.F.; Skanji, T.; Barrek, S.; Ghrabi, Z.G.; Zarrouk, H., Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. (Lamiaceae) from Tunisia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 101-104, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1764 . [all data]

Rojas, Velasco, et al., 2007
Rojas, J.; Velasco, J.; Rojas, L.B.; Carmona, J.; Morales, A., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Baacharis latifolia Pers. and B. prunifolia H.B.K. (Asteraceae), Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1245-1248. [all data]

Yassa and Akhani, 2007
Yassa, N.; Akhani, H., The essential oils composition in two species of the genus Eriocycla Lindl. (Apiaceae) from Iran, 2007, retrieved from http://biology.ut.ac.ir/members/akhani/PdfReprintNumber/27.pdf. [all data]

Zizovic, Stamenic, et al., 2007
Zizovic, I.; Stamenic, M.; Ivanovic, J.; Orlovic, A.; Ristic, M.; Djordjevic, S.; Petrovic, S.D.; Skala, D., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of sesquiterpenes from valerian root, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 2007, 43, 2, 249-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2007.05.007 . [all data]

Champagnat, Figueredo, et al., 2006
Champagnat, P.; Figueredo, G.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Bessiere, J.-M., Essential oil composition of Vetiveria nigritana from Mali, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 6, 647-649, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699193 . [all data]

Ebrahim Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2006
Ebrahim Sajjadi, S.; Mehregan, I., Volatile constituents of flowers and leaves of Anthemis hyalina, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2006, 42, 5, 531-533, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0207-2 . [all data]

Havlik, Kokoska, et al., 2006
Havlik, J.; Kokoska, L.; Vasickova, S.; Valterova, I., Chemical composition of essential oil from the seeds of Nigella arvensis L. and assessment of its actimicrobial activity, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 713-717, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1713 . [all data]

Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2006
Hymete, A.; Rohloff, J.; Iversen, T.-H., Essential oil from seeds and husks of Aframomum corrorima from Ethiopia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 642-644, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1634 . [all data]

Martin, Joseph, et al., 2006
Martin, M.A.C.K.; Joseph, H.; Bercion, S.; Menut, C., Chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Aframomum exscapum (Sims) Hepper collected in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 6, 902-905, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1741 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani, Akbarzadeh, et al., 2006
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Akbarzadeh, M.; Changizi, S., Essential oils composition of Stachys byzantina, S. inflata, S. lavandulifolia and S. laxa from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 300-303, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1594 . [all data]

Askari and Sefidkon, 2005
Askari, F.; Sefidkon, F., Volatile components of Pimpinella tragium Vill. from Iran, Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 2005, 2, 117-120. [all data]

Figuérédo, Cabassu, et al., 2005
Figuérédo, G.; Cabassu, P.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Pasquier, B., Studies of Mediterranean oregano populations- V. Chemical composition of essential oils of oregano: Origanum syriacum L. var. bevanii (Holmes) Ietswaart, O. syriacum L. var. sinaicum (Boiss.) Ietswaart, and O. syriacum L. var. syriacum from Lebanon and Israel, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 164-168. [all data]

Jassbi, Mehrdad, et al., 2005
Jassbi, A.R.; Mehrdad, M.; Soleimani, M.; Mirzaeian, M.; Sonboli, A., Chemical composition of the essential oils of Bunium elegans and Bunium caroides, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 4, 415-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0165-0 . [all data]

Khajeh, Yamini, et al., 2005
Khajeh, M.; Yamini, Y.; Bahramifar, N.; Sefidkon, F.; Reza Pirmoradei, M., Comparison of essential oils compositions of Ferula assa-foetida obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods, Food Chem., 2005, 91, 4, 639-644, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.06.033 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani and Saeedi, 2005
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Saeedi, M., The essential oil composition of Phlomis bruguieri Desf. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 3, 344-346, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1459 . [all data]

Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2005
Ogunwande, I.A.; Olawore, N.O.; Adeleke, K.A.; Ekundayo, O., Volatile constituents from the leaves of Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell and E. propinqua Deane Maiden from Nigeria, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 637-639, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1516 . [all data]

Pala-Paul, Perez-Alonso, et al., 2005
Pala-Paul, J.; Perez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Vadare, J.; Villa, A.M.; Sanz, J.; Brophy, J.J., Essential oil composition of the different parts of Eryngium bourgatii Gouan from Spain, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1074, 1-2, 235-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.036 . [all data]

Simoes-Pires C.A., Debenedetti S., et al., 2005
Simoes-Pires C.A.; Debenedetti S.; Spegazzini E.; Mentz L.A.; Matzenbacher N.I.; Limberger R.P.; Henriques A.T., Investigation of the essential oil from eight species of Baccharis belonging to sect. Caulopterae (Asteraceae, Astereae): a taxonomic approach, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2005, 253, 1-4, 23-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-005-0296-6 . [all data]

Sonboli, Salehi, et al., 2005
Sonboli, A.; Salehi, P.; Ebrahimi, S.N., Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of the leaves of Stachys schtschegleevii from Iran, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 2, 171-175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0105-z . [all data]

Sonboli, Salehi, et al., 2005, 2
Sonboli, A.; Salehi, P.; Allahyari, L., Essential oil composition of Nepeta involucrata from Iran, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 6, 683-685, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0011-z . [all data]

Topçu, Barla, et al., 2005
Topçu, G.; Barla, A.; Gören, A.C.; Bilsel, G.; Bilsel, M.; Tümen, G., Analysis of the essential oil composition of Sideritis albiflora using direct thermal desorption and headspace GC-MS techniques, Turk. J. Chem., 2005, 29, 525-529. [all data]

Jürgens and Dötterl, 2004
Jürgens, A.; Dötterl, S., Chemical composition of anther volatiles in Ranunculaceae: genera-specific profiles in Aemone, Aquilegia, Caltha, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, and Trollius species, American Journal of Botany, 2004, 91, 12, 1969-1980, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.12.1969 . [all data]

Kalemba and Thiem, 2004
Kalemba, D.; Thiem, B., Constituents of the essential oils of four micropropagated Solidago species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 40-43, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1271 . [all data]

Marongiu, Piras, et al., 2004
Marongiu, B.; Piras, A.; Porcedda, S., Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical CO₂ extract of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) maton, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 20, 6278-6282, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034819i . [all data]

Afsharypuor and Jahromy, 2003
Afsharypuor, S.; Jahromy, M.M., Constituents of the essential oil from Tanacetum lingulatum (Boiss.) Bornm., J. Essent. Oil Res., 2003, 15, 2, 74-76, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712069 . [all data]

Juteau, Jerkovic, et al., 2003
Juteau, F.; Jerkovic, I.; Masotti, V.; Milos, M.; Mastelic, J.; Bessière, J.-M.; Viano, J., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium from Croatia and France, Planta Medica, 2003, 69, 2, 158-161, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-37714 . [all data]

Limberger, Simões-Pires, et al., 2003
Limberger, R.P.; Simões-Pires, C.A.; Sobral, M.; Menut, C.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Henriques, A.T., Essential oils of six Gomidesia spp. from southern Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 144-147, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1122 . [all data]

Pitarokili, Tzakou, et al., 2003
Pitarokili, D.; Tzakou, O.; Loukis, A.; Harvala, C., Volatile metabolites from Salvia fruticosa as antifungal agents in soilborne pathogens, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 11, 3294-3301, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0211534 . [all data]

Ahmadi, Mirza, et al., 2002
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Sefidkon, Dabiri, et al., 2002
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Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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