(E)-β-Famesene

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-6-14(4)10-8-12-15(5)11-7-9-13(2)3/h6,9,12H,1,4,7-8,10-11H2,2-3,5H3/b15-12+
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JSNRRGGBADWTMC-NTCAYCPXSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 18794-84-8
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Species with the same structure:
Stereoisomers:
Other names: 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (E)-; 7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene, trans; β-Farnesene (E); β-trans-Farnesene; Farnesene (E, β); t-β-Farnesene; trans-β-Farnesene; (6E)-7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene; 502-60-3; (E)-β-Farnesene; β-Farnesene; beta-(E)-Farnesene; 7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene; trans-β-farnesen; (E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene
Information on this page:
Other data available:
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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph	HP-5	DB-5	HP-5 MS	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium	Helium	Hydrogen
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)		0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	80.	60.	50.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	200.	240.	300.	220.	290.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	4.	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)			4.	10.
Final hold (min)	25.		5.
I	1458.	1457.	1442.	1461.	1460.
Reference	Priya, Prathapan, et al., 2012	Bertoli, Lepnardi, et al., 2011	Osorio, Carriazo, et al., 2011	Ogunwande, Flamini, et al., 2010	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	ZB-5	SPB-5	DB-5	HP-5	RTX-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	25.	60.
Carrier gas	Helium	Nitrogen	Nitrogen	Helium	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.53	0.20	0.20	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.50	0.32	0.33	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	210.	220.	240.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	10.	3.	5.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.	5.	3.
Final hold (min)	10.	45.		7.	30.
I	1456.	1453.	1458.	1454.	1446.
Reference	Alagarmalai, Nestel, et al., 2009	Gilani, Shah, et al., 2009	Kazemi and Akhavani, 2009	Maridass, 2009	Museli, Pau, et al., 2009
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-1	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5 MS	SLB-5 MS
Column length (m)	60.	30.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Nitrogen	Nitrogen	Helium	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.20	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	40.	60.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	230.	230.	220.	230.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	5.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)			3.	4.	2.
Final hold (min)	30.		5.	10.	10.
I	1448.	1457.	1457.	1457.	1451.
Reference	Museli, Pau, et al., 2009	Scrivanti, Anton, et al., 2009	Shafaghat and Sadeghi, 2009	Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008	Lo Presti, Sciarrone, et al., 2008
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5 MS	HP-5 MS	HP-5	HP-5MS	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.26
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	280.	250.	280.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	10.	5.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		1.	30.
Final hold (min)		7.
I	1491.	1461.	1432.	1444.	1479.
Reference	Sarikurkcu, Tepe, et al., 2008	Szarka, Hethelyi, et al., 2008	Yassa and Akhani, 2008	Basta, Pavlovic, et al., 2007	Bos, Woerdenbag, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5 MS	DB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5MS	Col-Elite 5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	30.
T_end (C)	280.	290.	250.	250.	246.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	2.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.		8.	8.
Final hold (min)			15.	15.
I	1454.	1479.	1453.	1450.	1469.
Reference	Capetanos, Saroglou, et al., 2007	Elfami, Bos, et al., 2007	Ferhat, Meklati, et al., 2007	Ferhat, Tigrine-Kordjani, et al., 2007	Gudaityte and Venskutonis R.P., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-1	SE-30	HP-5	AT-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	60.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	Helium	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	40.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	250.	250.	260.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	5.	5.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)		5.	5.
Final hold (min)	20.	10.	10.
I	1460.	1441.	1444.	1445.	1456.
Reference	Hachicha, Skanji, et al., 2007	Loizzo, Tundis, et al., 2007	Loizzo, Tundis, et al., 2007	Meccia, Rojas, et al., 2007	Miyazawa and Tamura, 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5	Methyl Silicone	DB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	H2	Helium	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.33		0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	95.
T_end (C)	300.	220.	240.	240.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	3.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1425.	1459.	1459.	1446.	1452.
Reference	Moreno, Lima, et al., 2007	Morteza-Semnani, Saeedi, et al., 2007	Oliveira, Leitão, et al., 2007	Ozcan and Chalchat, 2007	Pala-Paul, Brophy, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5 MS	DB-1	Elite-5MS	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	60.	60.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Hydrogen	Nitrogen	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	60.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	260.	260.	250.	280.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	5.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)				5.	5.
Final hold (min)		20.	10.	10.	10.
I	1452.	1458.	1476.	1453.	1446.
Reference	Ristic, Krivokuca-Dokic, et al., 2007	Rojas, Velasco, et al., 2007	Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007	Tava, Pecetti, et al., 2007	Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-5	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.32	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	80.	50.	70.
T_end (C)	250.	300.	270.	265.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	10.	2.5	2.
Initial hold (min)	30.			1.	2.
Final hold (min)				20.	20.
I	1432.	1448.	1446.	1455.	1451.
Reference	Yassa and Akhani, 2007	Apel, Sobral, et al., 2006	Ayoub, Al-Azizi, et al., 2006	Bazargani, Almasirad, et al., 2006	Choi, 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5	BP-1	HP-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	50.	50.
Carrier gas			Helium	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.26	0.22	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.33
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	280.	290.	220.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	3.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	15.			20.	60.
I	1458.	1456.	1479.	1448.	1443.
Reference	Damjanovic, Skala, et al., 2006	Ebrahim Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2006	Elfami, Komar, et al., 2006	Fanciullino, Tomi, et al., 2006	Fernandez, Pintaric, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5	RTX-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		Helium	He	Helium	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	210.	260.	280.	260.	300.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	5.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)	2.		4.	2.
Final hold (min)	33.		10.	13.
I	1462.	1455.	1460.	1460.	1473.
Reference	Garneau F.X., Collin G., et al., 2006	Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2006	Kim, El-Aty, et al., 2006	Kucuk, Gulec, et al., 2006	Kula, Izydorczyk, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1	HP-101	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	50.	25.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He		N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.15
T_start (C)	60.	70.	60.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	200.	220.	265.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	4.	2.5	4.
Initial hold (min)		2.		0.5	3.
Final hold (min)	20.	15.
I	1446.	1488.	1458.	1464.	1465.
Reference	Lesueur, Ban, et al., 2006	Mastelic, Jerkovic, et al., 2006	Morteza-Semnani, Akbarzadeh, et al., 2006	Nickavar B., Kamalinejad M., et al., 2006	Ouamba, Ouabonzi, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	H2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	280.	200.	200.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	10.	2.			5.
Final hold (min)		10.	60.	60.	20.
I	1456.	1458.	1450.	1454.	1448.
Reference	Pintore G., Chessa M., et al., 2006	Pino, Sauri-Duch, et al., 2006	Rout, Naik, et al., 2006	Rout, Naik, et al., 2006	Senatore, Landolfi, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 5 CB	SPB-1	HP-5	HP-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	50.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.32	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.33	0.25	0.25	0.15
T_start (C)	50.	50.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	230.	220.	260.	260.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	5.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)		1.	2.	2.	5.
Final hold (min)		10.	14.	14.
I	1448.	1445.	1458.	1459.	1450.
Reference	Tesso, König, et al., 2006	Wong, Lim, et al., 2006	Yayli, Gülec, et al., 2006	Yayli, Gülec, et al., 2006	Chagonda and Chalchat, 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-1	DB-1	DB-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	30.	60.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	250.	250.	300.	265.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	5.	3.	2.5
Initial hold (min)		5.		3.	1.
Final hold (min)	7.	15.			20.
I	1455.	1460.	1448.	1453.	1442.
Reference	Duarte, Figueira, et al., 2005	Facundo, Pinto, et al., 2005	Fakhari, Salehi, et al., 2005	Ferraz, Limberger, et al., 2005	Khanavi, Ghasemian, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-1	DB-1	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	50.	30.
Carrier gas		He	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	95.	95.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	220.	240.	240.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	4.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)	10.	4.
Final hold (min)	5.
I	1465.	1457.	1452.	1452.	1457.
Reference	Melkani, Dev, et al., 2005	Morteza-Semnani and Saeedi, 2005	Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005	Pala-Paul, Perez-Alonso, et al., 2005	Petrakis, Roussis, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5MS	DB-1	HP-5MS	PE-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	280.	265.	280.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	2.5	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)			1.	5.	2.
Final hold (min)			20.		4.
I	1458.	1459.	1445.	1460.	1448.
Reference	Saeidnia, Gohari, et al., 2005	Sajjadi, 2005	Sarkhail, Amin, et al., 2005	Setzer, Noletto, et al., 2005	Singh, Raina, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	RTX-5	DB-5	DB-1	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	He		He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	90.	40.
T_end (C)	280.	220.	280.	240.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)					5.
Final hold (min)					10.
I	1458.	1457.	1421.	1438.	1446.
Reference	Slavkovska, Couladis, et al., 2005	Szafranek, Chrapkowska, et al., 2005	Tzakou and Constantinidis, 2005	Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005	Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	DB-5	DB-1	SPB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	60.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	N2	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.25	0.25	1.	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	50.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	240.	200.	200.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	5.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)	3.
Final hold (min)	30.			30.
I	1448.	1457.	1445.	1464.	1458.
Reference	Wong, Lee, et al., 2005	Cicció, 2004	Fekam Boyom, Fotio, et al., 2004	Gauvin, Ravaomanarivo, et al., 2004	González, Guerra, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5MS	HP-5MS	NB-30
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	50.
Carrier gas	Nitrogen	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	230.	280.	275.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	3.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)		2.
Final hold (min)		10.	30.
I	1458.	1443.	1427.	1463.	1453.
Reference	JAvidnia, Mojab, et al., 2004	Li and Jiang, 2004	Marongiu, Piras, et al., 2004	Mehrabani, Asadipour, et al., 2004	Orav, Stulova, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	NB-30	NB-30	DB-1	DB-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	50.	50.	30.	60.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	50.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	265.	230.	300.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.5	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)			1.	2.
Final hold (min)			20.	20.
I	1450.	1448.	1445.	1457.	1457.
Reference	Orav, Stulova, et al., 2004	Raal, Paaver, et al., 2004	Sarkhail, Amin, et al., 2004	Sawamura, Son, et al., 2004	Tirillini, Pellegrino, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5MS	HP-1	HP-5	RSL-200
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	70.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	200.	275.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	10.	4.	6.
Initial hold (min)	10.	20.			5.
Final hold (min)		20.			5.
I	1450.	1468.	1445.	1464.	1455.
Reference	Bertoli, Menichini, et al., 2003	Feizbaksh, Saber Tehrani, et al., 2003	Fekam Boyom, Amvam Zollo, et al., 2003	Ghannadi and Zolfaghari, 2003	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RSL-200	DB-5	HP-5	DB-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	He	Helium	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.2	0.32	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	50.	70.	95.	75.
T_end (C)	280.	220.	210.	240.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	6.	3.	2.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.	2.			4.
Final hold (min)	5.		60.
I	1451.	1460.	1457.	1458.	1460.
Reference	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003, 2	Masotti, Juteau, et al., 2003	Mookdasanit, Tamura, et al., 2003	Perez-Alonso, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2003	Priestap, van Baren, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	NB-30	HP-5	HP-5	DB-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	He		N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	40.	70.
T_end (C)	250.	280.	280.	260.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)				5.	2.
Final hold (min)					20.
I	1450.	1460.	1455.	1454.	1456.
Reference	Raal, Arak, et al., 2003	Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2003	Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2003, 2	Senatore and Bruno, 2003	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	Cross-Linked Methylsilicone	DB-5	BP-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	60.	25.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.50	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.33	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	70.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	250.	240.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	3.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)	2.
Final hold (min)	20.			10.
I	1457.	1438.	1457.	1445.	1460.
Reference	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003, 2	Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2003	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2003	Das, Ram, et al., 2002	Flamini, Ertugrul, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	RSL-200	RSL-200	CP Sil 8 CB	DB-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	H2	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	50.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	245.	280.	280.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	6.	6.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	20.	5.	5.	2.
Final hold (min)		5.	5.
I	1438.	1445.	1442.	1461.	1460.
Reference	Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2002	Jirovetz, Ngassoum, et al., 2002	Juteau, Masotti, et al., 2002	Maia, Zoghbi, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	DB-5	SPB-5	HP-5	Optima-5
Column length (m)	50.	25.	60.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.32	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25			0.25
T_start (C)	80.	60.	40.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	225.	220.	220.	220.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	3.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)			5.	10.	3.
Final hold (min)			15.
I	1431.	1459.	1458.	1455.	1457.
Reference	Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2002	Schwob, Bessière, et al., 2002	Cornu, Carnat, et al., 2001	Gallori, Flamini, et al., 2001	Jacquemond-Collet, Bessière, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-101	DB-1	DB-1	PTE-5	CP Sil 5 CB
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	60.	25.
Carrier gas	He	N2	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.2	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25		0.3	0.15
T_start (C)	50.	80.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	250.	225.	240.	285.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	3.	4.3	3.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1445.	1435.	1467.0	1458.	1438.
Reference	Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001	Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2001	Santos, Moreira, et al., 2001	Stojanovic, Palic, et al., 2001	Asekun and Ekundayo, 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	SPB-1	RSL-200	DB-5	OV-101
Column length (m)	33.	30.	60.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	N2	He	H2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.32	0.22	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.50	0.2	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	80.	40.	70.	50.
T_end (C)	135.	300.	250.	230.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	20.	5.	6.	4.	5.
Initial hold (min)	2.	3.		2.
Final hold (min)				20.
I	1450.	1459.	1436.	1454.	1448.
Reference	Feger, Brandauer, et al., 2000	Fraternale, Giamperi, et al., 2000	Jirovetz, Puschmann, et al., 2000	Mitiku, Sawamura, et al., 2000	Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-1	DB-1	DB-5	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	50.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25		0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.39	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	70.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	240.	240.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	3.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.
Final hold (min)	5.
I	1444.	1435.	1458.	1449.	1459.
Reference	Oberhofer, Nikiforov, et al., 1999	Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 1999	Tellez, Canel, et al., 1999	Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1999	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-101	Methyl Silicone	Methyl Silicone	SE-54	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	50.	50.	30.	60.
Carrier gas		N2	N2	Hydrogen
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)		0.17	0.17	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	80.	80.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	200.	200.	200.	250.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	2.	3.	2.	4.
Initial hold (min)				5.
Final hold (min)				2.	10.
I	1454.	1448.	1445.	1458.	1447.
Reference	Zollo, Biyiti, et al., 1998	Gopalakrishnan, Menon, et al., 1993	Gopalakrishnan, Menon, et al., 1993	Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992	Binder, Benson, et al., 1990
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	DB-1	CP Sil 8 CB	OV-3	OV-1
Column length (m)		60.	25.	150.	183.
Carrier gas				He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)		0.32	0.20	0.66	0.762
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	50.	50.	60.	30.	0.
T_end (C)	230.	230.	230.	170.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	3.	1.	1.
Initial hold (min)			10.
Final hold (min)	10.	10.
I	1447.	1447.	1494.	1450.	1448.
Reference	Binder, Turner, et al., 1990	Binder, Turner, et al., 1990, 2	Jantan and Goh, 1990	Buttery, Flath, et al., 1986	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

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Priya, R.; Prathapan, A.; Raghu, K.G.; Menon, A.N., Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative potential of essential oil isolated from Curcuma longa L. leaves, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, 2, 2, s695-s699, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60298-6 . [all data]

Bertoli, Lepnardi, et al., 2011
Bertoli, A.; Lepnardi, M.; Krzyzanowska, J.; Oleszek, W.; Pistelli, L., Mentha longifolia in vitro cultures as safe source of flavouring ingradients, Acta Biochem. Polonica, 2011, 58, 4, 581-587. [all data]

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Ogunwande, Flamini, et al., 2010
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Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
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Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008
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Lo Presti, Sciarrone, et al., 2008
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Bos, Woerdenbag, et al., 2007
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Meccia, Rojas, et al., 2007
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Miyazawa and Tamura, 2007
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Moreno, Lima, et al., 2007
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Ozcan and Chalchat, 2007
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Rojas, Velasco, et al., 2007
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Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007
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Tava, Pecetti, et al., 2007
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Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
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Yassa and Akhani, 2007
Yassa, N.; Akhani, H., The essential oils composition in two species of the genus Eriocycla Lindl. (Apiaceae) from Iran, 2007, retrieved from http://biology.ut.ac.ir/members/akhani/PdfReprintNumber/27.pdf. [all data]

Apel, Sobral, et al., 2006
Apel, M.A.; Sobral, M.; Zuanazzi, J.A.S.; Henriques, A.T., Essential oil composition of four Plinia species (Myrtaceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 565-567, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1638 . [all data]

Ayoub, Al-Azizi, et al., 2006
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Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2003
Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, M.H.; Carreira, L.M.M.; Maia, J.G.S., Essential oils from three Myrcia species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 421-424, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1242 . [all data]

Das, Ram, et al., 2002
Das, M.; Ram, G.; Singh, A.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Ramesh, S.; Ram, M.; Kumar, S., Volatile constituents of different plant parts of Chamomilla recutita L. Rausch grown in the Indo-Gangetic plains, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 9-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1035 . [all data]

Flamini, Ertugrul, et al., 2002
Flamini, G.; Ertugrul, K.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I.; Dural, H.; Bagci, Y., Volatile constituents of two endemic Centaurea species from Turkey: C. pseudoscabiosa subsp. pseudoscabiosa and C. hadimensis, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2002, 30, 10, 953-959, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00043-1 . [all data]

Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollé, D.; Ollitrault, P.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf and peel volatile compounds of an interspecific citrus somatic hybrid [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing. + Citrus paradisi Macfayden], Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 6, 416-424, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1119 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2002
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Jirovetz, Ngassoum, et al., 2002
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Juteau, Masotti, et al., 2002
Juteau, F.; Masotti, V.; Bessière, J.-M., Compositional characteristics of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris var. glutinosa, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2002, 30, 11, 1065-1070, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00052-2 . [all data]

Maia, Zoghbi, et al., 2002
Maia, J.G.S.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, M.H.L.; Luz, A.I.R.; da Silva, J.D., Essential oils composition of Eupatorium species growing wild in the Amazon, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2002, 30, 11, 1071-1077, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00059-5 . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2002
Palá-Paúl, J.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Sanz, J., Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatile components of Ageratina adenophora Spreng., growing in the Canary Islands, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 947, 2, 327-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00016-X . [all data]

Schwob, Bessière, et al., 2002
Schwob, I.; Bessière, J.-M.; Viano, J., Composition of the essential oils of Hypericum perforatum L. from southeastern France, C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. 3:, 2002, 325, 781-785. [all data]

Cornu, Carnat, et al., 2001
Cornu, A.; Carnat, A.-P.; Martin, B.; Coulon, J.-B.; Lamaison, J.-L.; Berdagué, J.-L., Solid-phase microextraction of volatile components from natural grassland plants, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 203-209, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0008341 . [all data]

Gallori, Flamini, et al., 2001
Gallori, S.; Flamini, G.; Bilia, A.R.; Morelli, I.; Landini, A.; Vincieri, F.F., Chemical composition of some traditional herbal drug preparations: essential oil and aromatic water of costmary (Balsamita suaveolens Pers.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 12, 5907-5910, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0107656 . [all data]

Jacquemond-Collet, Bessière, et al., 2001
Jacquemond-Collet, I.; Bessière, J.-M.; Hannedouche, S.; Bertrand, C.; Fourasté, I.; Moulis, C., Identification of the alkaloids of Galipea officinalis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Phytochem. Anal., 2001, 12, 5, 312-319, https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.594 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Ivask, K., Volatile constituents of Matricaria recutita L. from Estonia, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2001, 50, 39-45. [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2001
Palá-Paúl, J.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Palá-Paúl, R.; Sanz, J.; Conejero, Fco., Seasonal variation in chemical constituents of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. ssp. rosmarinifolia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2001, 29, 7, 663-672, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00032-1 . [all data]

Santos, Moreira, et al., 2001
Santos, P.R.; Moreira, D.L.; Guimaraes, E.F.; Kaplan, M.A.C., Essential oil analysis of 10 piperaceae species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, Phytochemistry, 2001, 58, 4, 547-551, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00290-4 . [all data]

Stojanovic, Palic, et al., 2001
Stojanovic, G.; Palic, R.; Naskovic, T.; Dokovic, D.; Milosavljevic, S., Volatile constituents of Achillea lingulata W.K., J. Essent. Oil Res., 2001, 13, 5, 378-379, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2001.9712239 . [all data]

Asekun and Ekundayo, 2000
Asekun, O.T.; Ekundayo, O., Essential oil constituents of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Bush tea) leaves from Nigeria, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2000, 12, 227-230. [all data]

Feger, Brandauer, et al., 2000
Feger, W.; Brandauer, H.; Ziegler, H., Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of cold-pressed lime oils, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 4, 281-284, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<281::AID-FFJ916>3.0.CO;2-W . [all data]

Fraternale, Giamperi, et al., 2000
Fraternale, D.; Giamperi, L.; Ricci, D.; Manunta, A., Composition of the essential oil of Peucedanum verticillare, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 143-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00049-6 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Puschmann, et al., 2000
Jirovetz, L.; Puschmann, C.; Stojanova, A.; Metodiev, S.; Buchbauer, G., Analysis of the essential oil volatiles of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) from Bulgaria, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 6, 434-437, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200011/12)15:6<434::AID-FFJ935>3.0.CO;2-0 . [all data]

Mitiku, Sawamura, et al., 2000
Mitiku, S.B.; Sawamura, M.; Itoh, T.; Ukeda, H., Volatile components of peel cold-pressed oils of two cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) from Ethiopia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 4, 240-244, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<240::AID-FFJ902>3.0.CO;2-F . [all data]

Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999
Kuiate, J.-R.; Zollo, P.-H.A.; Nguefa, E.H.; Bessière, J.-M.; Lamaty, G.; Menut, C., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) O. Kuntze and Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Less. growing in Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 2, 82-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199903/04)14:2<82::AID-FFJ780>3.0.CO;2-Z . [all data]

Oberhofer, Nikiforov, et al., 1999
Oberhofer, B.; Nikiforov, A.; Buchbauer, G.; Jirovetz, L.; Bicchi, C., Investigation of the alteration of the composition of various essential oils used in aroma lamp applications, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<293::AID-FFJ829>3.0.CO;2-T . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 1999
Palá-Paúl, J.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Ramos-Vázquez, P.; Gómez-Contreras, F.; Sanz, J., Essential oil of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. ssp. rosmarinifolia: first isolation of capillene, a diacetylene derivative, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 2, 131-134, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199903/04)14:2<131::AID-FFJ794>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Tellez, Canel, et al., 1999
Tellez, M.R.; Canel, C.; Rimando, A.M.; Duke, S.O., Differential accumulation of isoprenoids in glanded and glandless Artemisia annua L, Phytochemistry, 1999, 52, 6, 1035-1040, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00308-8 . [all data]

Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1999
Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Thefeld, K.; Rustaiyan, A., Constituents of the essential oil of Tanacetum (syn. Chrysanthemum) fruticulosum Ledeb. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 2, 112-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199903/04)14:2<112::AID-FFJ786>3.0.CO;2-1 . [all data]

Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 1999
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Zollo, Biyiti, et al., 1998
Zollo, P.H.A.; Biyiti, L.; Tchoumbougnang, F.; Menut, C.; Lamaty, G.; Bouchet, Ph., Aromatic plants of tropical central Africa. Part XXXII. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of thirteen essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 2, 107-114, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199803/04)13:2<107::AID-FFJ701>3.0.CO;2-G . [all data]

Gopalakrishnan, Menon, et al., 1993
Gopalakrishnan, M.; Menon, N.; Padmakumari, K.P.; Jayalekshmy, A.; Narayanan, C.S., GC Analysis and Odor Profiles of Four New Indian Genotypes of Piper nigrum L., J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 3, 247-253, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698217 . [all data]

Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992
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Binder, Benson, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Benson, M.E.; Flath, R.A., Volatile Components of Safflower, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 5, 1245-1248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a020 . [all data]

Binder, Turner, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Turner, C.E.; Flath, R.A., Volatile components of purple starthistle, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 4, 1053-1055, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a030 . [all data]

Binder, Turner, et al., 1990, 2
Binder, R.G.; Turner, C.E.; Flath, R.A., Comparison of yellow starthistle volatiles from different plant parts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 3, 764-767, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a038 . [all data]

Jantan and Goh, 1990
Jantan, I.; Goh, S.H., The essential oils of Cinnamomum mollissimum as natural sources of safrole and benzyl benzoate, J. Tropical Forest Sci., 1990, 2, 3, 252-259. [all data]

Buttery, Flath, et al., 1986
Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Ling, L.C., Identification of germacrene D in walnut and fig leaf volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1986, 34, 5, 820-822, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00071a013 . [all data]

Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979
Schreyen, L.; Dirinck, P.; Sandra, P.; Schamp, N., Flavor analysis of quince, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1979, 27, 4, 872-876, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60224a058 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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