3-Carene

Formula: C₁₀H₁₆
Molecular weight: 136.2340
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+/m0/s1
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BQOFWKZOCNGFEC-DTWKUNHWSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 13466-78-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
- (+)-3-Carene
Other names: Bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, 3,7,7-trimethyl-; delta-3-Carene; 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene; δ 3-carene; 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]-3-heptene; 3-Karen; 3-Norcarene, 3,7,7-trimethyl-; 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-norcarene; Δ-car-3-ene; 3-δ-Carene; Car-3-ene; Carene
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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Supelcowax-10	Supelcowax-10	HP-Innowax	Supelcowax-10	HP-Innowax
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Nitrogen	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.20	0.25	0.52	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	70.	35.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	205.	200.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	3.	1.	5.
Initial hold (min)			10.	1.	1.
Final hold (min)	15.		10.		4.
I	1151.	1118.	1159.	1143.	1148.
Reference	Neves, Rosa, et al., 2010	Benites, Moiteiro, et al., 2009	Wannes, Mhamdi, et al., 2009	Calyecac-cortero, Cibrian-Tovar, et al., 2007	Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP-Wax 52CB	TC-FFAP	CP-Wax 52CB	Carbowax	Supelcowax-10
Column length (m)	30.		60.	60.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	40.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	180.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	4.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)	1.		8.		5.
Final hold (min)	2.	30.	20.		10.
I	1146.	1160.	1154.	1156.	1141.
Reference	Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007	Kurose, Okamura, et al., 2007	Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007	Singh, Kumar, et al., 2007	Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax	Innowax	AT-Wax	BP-20	Supelcowax 10
Column length (m)	30.	30.	60.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	N2	He		Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.20
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.20
T_start (C)	50.	50.	60.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	280.	280.	200.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	9.	9.	4.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	3.	3.
Final hold (min)	3.	3.	20.	20.	15.
I	1130.	1147.	1147.	1149.	1152.
Reference	Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006	Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006	Borges, Rojas, et al., 2006	Boti, Yao, et al., 2006	Cavaleiro, Pinto, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	BP-20	FFAP	Supelcowax-10	Supelcowax-10
Column length (m)	60.	50.	20.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	60.	90.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	230.	220.	250.	220.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	6.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)	2.			1.	1.
Final hold (min)	20.	20.		10.	10.
I	1167.	1147.	1170.	1141.	1121.
Reference	Choi, 2006	Fanciullino, Tomi, et al., 2006	Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006	Wong, Lim, et al., 2006	Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax	Stabilwax	Stabilwax	HP-20M	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	50.	60.
Carrier gas	He	H2		Helium	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.32	0.32	0.20	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.20	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	40.	40.	70.	70.
T_end (C)	250.	280.	280.	180.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	6.	6.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)		5.	5.	4.	2.
Final hold (min)	60.	5.	5.	10.	20.
I	1129.	1149.	1154.	1131.	1142.
Reference	Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 2	Kulisic, Radonic, et al., 2005	Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Stabilwax DA	CP-Wax 52CB	Supelcowax-10	Supelcowax-10	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		He			He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	40.	40.	90.
T_end (C)	180.	220.	210.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	2.	3.	7.
Initial hold (min)	5.	1.	2.	5.	2.
Final hold (min)			33.	10.	5.
I	1122.	1147.	1137.	1141.	1162.
Reference	Nogueira, Lubachevsky, et al., 2005	Rohloff and Bones, 2005	Stevanovic, Garneau, et al., 2005	Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2005	Agnihotri, Thappa, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-Wax	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10	Supelcowax-10	Supelcowax-10
Column length (m)	60.	60.	60.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	He	N2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	70.	60.	70.	70.
T_end (C)	230.	230.	200.	230.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)		2.
Final hold (min)	45.	20.	40.
I	1149.	1156.	1127.	1146.	1149.
Reference	Cavalli, Tomi, et al., 2004	Choi, 2004	Gauvin, Ravaomanarivo, et al., 2004	Orav, Stulova, et al., 2004	Orav, Stulova, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax	TC-Wax	DB-Wax	HP-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	50.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	H2	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.2		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	80.	40.	75.	70.
T_end (C)	220.	240.	245.	220.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	1.5	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)				4.
Final hold (min)			20.
I	1169.	1162.	1138.	1144.	1162.
Reference	Palá-Paúl, García-Jiménez, et al., 2004	Miyazawa, Teranishi, et al., 2003	Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002	Priestap, van Baren, et al., 2002	Tu, Thanh, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	TC-Wax	PEG-20M	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10
Column length (m)	50.	60.	50.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.2	0.2	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25				0.25
T_start (C)	60.	80.	70.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	250.	220.	180.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	2.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)				8.
Final hold (min)	35.	47.
I	1145.	1176.	1148.	1142.	1136.
Reference	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2001	Miyazawa, Kurose, et al., 2001	Orav and Kann, 2001	Franco and Shibamoto, 2000	Korány, Mednyánszky, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	HP-20M	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10	Innowax
Column length (m)	25.	50.	60.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Nitrogen	He	Nitrogen		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.50	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.20		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	70.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	200.	180.	200.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	2.	4.
Initial hold (min)		4.	10.		10.
Final hold (min)
I	1138.	1131.	1164.	1147.	1159.
Reference	Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 2000	Mastelic, Milos, et al., 2000	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Choo, Wong, et al., 1999	Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Supelcowax-10	DB-Wax	HP-20M	DB-Wax	HP-Innowax
Column length (m)	30.	60.	50.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	70.	45.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	240.	180.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	4.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)			4.		5.
Final hold (min)			10.
I	1149.	1152.	1131.	1151.	1171.
Reference	Labuckas, Zygadlo, et al., 1999	Ngassoum, Yonkeu, et al., 1999	Milso, Mastelic, et al., 1998	Mölleken, Sinnwell, et al., 1998	Stashenko, Cervantes, et al., 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	PEG-20M	PEG-20M	Carbowax 20M	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	50.	60.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.319	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	70.	70.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	300.	250.	180.	150.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	8.	2.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)			7.	10.	4.
Final hold (min)	15.			20.
I	1141.	1148.	1158.	1150.	1146.
Reference	Malizia, Molli, et al., 1996	Orav, Kailas, et al., 1996	Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1995	Tirado, Stashenko, et al., 1995	Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Packed
Active phase	Carbowax 20M	DB-Wax	BP-20	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M
Column length (m)	45.	30.	25.	150.	2.
Carrier gas	Hydrogen				Hydrogen
Substrate					Gas-Chrom Z (80-100 mesh)
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.2	0.64
Phase thickness (μm)	1.0
T_start (C)	60.	70.	70.	50.	65.
T_end (C)	200.	200.	180.	170.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	3.	1.	4.
Initial hold (min)	5.	2.	5.	30.
Final hold (min)
I	1159.	1163.	1165.	1150.	1167.
Reference	Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992	Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990	MacLeod and Snyder, 1985	Buttery and Kamm, 1980	Stancher and Pertoldi, 1967
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Neves, Rosa, et al., 2010
Neves, A.; Rosa, S.; Goncalves, J.; Rufino, A.; Judas, F.; Salgueiro, L.; Lopes, M.C.; Cavaleiro, C.; Mendes, A.F., Screening of five essential oils for identification of potential inhibitors of IL-1-unduced Nf-kB activation and NO production in human clondrocytes: characterization of the inhibitory activity of alpha-pinene, Plante Med., 2010, 76, 03, 303-308, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1186085 . [all data]

Benites, Moiteiro, et al., 2009
Benites, J.; Moiteiro, C.; Miguel, G.; Rojo, L.; Lopez, J.; Venancio, F.; Ramalho, L.; Feio, S.; Dandlen, S.; Casanova, H.; Torres, I., Composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Peruvial Lantana camara, J. Chilean Chem. Soc., 2009, 54, 4, 379-384, https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-97072009000400012 . [all data]

Wannes, Mhamdi, et al., 2009
Wannes, W.A.; Mhamdi, B.; Marzouk, B., GC comparative analysis of least essential oils from two Myrtle varieties at different phenological stages, Chromatographia, 2009, 69, 1/2, 145-150, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0818-9 . [all data]

Calyecac-cortero, Cibrian-Tovar, et al., 2007
Calyecac-cortero, H.G.; Cibrian-Tovar, J.; Soto-Hernandez, M.; Garcia-Velasco, R., Aislamento e identificacion de volatiles de Physalis philadelphica LAM. (Isolation and identification of Physalis philadelphica LAM. volatiles), Agrociencia, 2007, 41, 337-346. [all data]

Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 2007
Cheraif, I.; Ben Jannet, H.; Hammami, M.; Khouja, M.L.; Mighri, Z., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Cupressus arizonica Greene, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 12, 813-820, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.05.009 . [all data]

Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007
Hymete, A.; Rohloff, J.; Iversen, T.-H.; Kjosen, H., Volatile constituents of the roots of Echinops kebericho Mesfin, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 35-38, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1746 . [all data]

Kurose, Okamura, et al., 2007
Kurose, K.; Okamura, D.; Yatagai, M., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of nine Pinus species and the cones of three of Pinus species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1609 . [all data]

Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007
Povolo, M.; Contarini, G.; Mele, M.; Secchiari, P., Study on the influence of pasture on volatile fraction of Ewes' dairy products by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Dairy Sci., 2007, 90, 2, 556-569, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71539-4 . [all data]

Singh, Kumar, et al., 2007
Singh, B.; Kumar, R.; Bhandari, S.; Pathania, S.; Lal, B., Volatile constituents of natural Boswellia serrata oleo-gum-resin and commercial samples, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 145-147, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1772 . [all data]

Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Riu-Aumatell, M.; Mora-Pons, M.; Guadayol, J.M.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods. HS-SPME coupled to GC/MS for quality control of Juniperus communis L. berries used for gin aromatization, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 4, 1748-1754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.026 . [all data]

Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006
Abdelwahed, A.; Hayder, N.; Kilani, S.; Mahmoud, A.; Chibani, J.; Hammami, M.; Chekir-Ghedira, L.; Ghedira, K., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian Pituranthos tortuosus (Coss.) Maire, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 129-133, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1542 . [all data]

Borges, Rojas, et al., 2006
Borges, R.; Rojas, L.B.; Cegarra, J.A.; Usubillaga, A., Study of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Lepechinia conferta (Benth) Epl., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 155-157, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1550 . [all data]

Boti, Yao, et al., 2006
Boti, J.B.; Yao, P.A.; Koukoua, G.; N'Guessan, T.Y.; Casanova, J., Components and chemical variability of Isolona campanulata Engler Diels leaf oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 166-170, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1555 . [all data]

Cavaleiro, Pinto, et al., 2006
Cavaleiro, C.; Pinto, E.; Gonsales, M.J.; Salguero, L., Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils agains dermatophyte, Asrgillus and Candida strains, J. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 100, 6, 1333-1338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02862.x . [all data]

Choi, 2006
Choi, H.-S., Headspace analyses of fresh leaves and stems of Angelica gigas Nakai, a Korean medicinal herb, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 604-608, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1602 . [all data]

Fanciullino, Tomi, et al., 2006
Fanciullino, A.-L.; Tomi, F.; Luro, F.; Desjobert, J.M.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of peel and leaf oils of mandarins, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 359-367, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1658 . [all data]

Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006
Kitchlu, S.; Bakshi, S.K.; Kaul, M.K.; Bhan, M.K.; Thapa, R.K.; Agarwal, S.G., Tanacetum gracile Hook. f T. A new source of lavandulol from Ladakh Himalaya (India), Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 690-692, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1674 . [all data]

Wong, Lim, et al., 2006
Wong, K.C.; Lim, T.B.; Ali, D.M.H., Essential oil of Homalomena sagittifolia Jungh., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 786-788, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1714 . [all data]

Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006
Wong, K.C.; Sivasothy, Y.; Boey, P.L., Essential oil of Elettariopsis elan C.K. Lim, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1654 . [all data]

Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005
Bendimerad, N.; Bendiab, S.A.T., Composition and antibacterial activity of Pseudocytisus integrifolius (Salisb.) essential oil from Algeria, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 2947-2952, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047937u . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Ngassoum, M.B.; Parmentier, M., Chemical composition and olfactory characterization of essential oils of fruits and seeds of African pear (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam) from Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 215-218, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1324 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 2
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Stoyanova, A.; Balinova, A.; Guangjiun, Z.; Xihan, M., Solid phase microextraction/gas chromatographic and olfactory analysis of the scent and fixative properties of the essential oil of Rosa damascena L. from China, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 7-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1375 . [all data]

Kulisic, Radonic, et al., 2005
Kulisic, T.; Radonic, A.; Milos, M., Inhibition of Lard Oxidation by Fractions of Different Essential Oil, Grasas y Aceites, 2005, 56, 4, 284-291, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2005.v56.i4.94 . [all data]

Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005
Njoroge, S.M.; Koaze, H.; Mwaniki, M.; Minh Tu, N.T.; Sawamura, M., Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits: volatile components of two varieties of mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and a tangelo (C. paradisi × C. tangerina), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 74-79, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1376 . [all data]

Nogueira, Lubachevsky, et al., 2005
Nogueira, M.C.L.; Lubachevsky, G.; Rankin, S.A., A study of the volatile composition of Minas cheese, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2005, 38, 5, 555-563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.07.019 . [all data]

Rohloff and Bones, 2005
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Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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