3-Carene

Formula: C₁₀H₁₆
Molecular weight: 136.2340
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+/m0/s1
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BQOFWKZOCNGFEC-DTWKUNHWSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 13466-78-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
- (+)-3-Carene
Other names: Bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, 3,7,7-trimethyl-; delta-3-Carene; 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene; δ 3-carene; 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]-3-heptene; 3-Karen; 3-Norcarene, 3,7,7-trimethyl-; 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-norcarene; Δ-car-3-ene; 3-δ-Carene; Car-3-ene; Carene
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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	PEG-20M Innowax	Supelco CO Wax-10	Supelco CO Wax-10	DB-Wax	Innowax
Column length (m)	30.	60.	60.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	Nitrogen	Helium	Helium	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.50	0.33
Program	50 0C (7 min) 20 0C/min -> 130 0C (1 min) 1 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 190 0C (5 min)	35 0C (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 25 0C/min -> 250 0C (6 min)	not specified	40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)	not specified
I	1158.	1114.	1143.	1187.	1157.
Reference	Wang, Tian, et al., 2013	Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012	Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012	Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 2011	Noorizadeh, Farmany, et al., 2011
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP-Wax 52 CB	DB-FFAP	DB-FFAP	HP Innowax FSP	Carbowax 20M
Column length (m)		30.	30.	60.	30.
Carrier gas		Helium	Helium	Helium	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Program	not specified	50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C	not specified	60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 240 0C (20 min)	not specified
I	1156.	1129.	1130.	1159.	1141.
Reference	Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	Wedge, Klun, et al., 2009	Hudaib and Aburjai, 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax FSC	HP-Innowax	HP-Innowax	Supelcowax-10	HP-Innowax FSC
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Nitrogen	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Program	60 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 240 0C	30C(5min) => 7C/min => 100C(5min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 195C(45min)	30C(5min) => 7C/min => 100C(5min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 195C(45min)	40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
I	1159.	1144.	1148.	1143.	1159.
Reference	Kaya, Benirci, et al., 2007	Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007	Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007	Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007	Erdurak, Coskun, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Innowax FSC	Supelcowax-10	DB-Wax	HP-Innowax FSC	HP-Innowax FSC
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	60.	60.
Carrier gas		He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Program	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C	40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 260C(5min)	35C(5min) => 2C/min => 173C(1min) => 15C/min => 210C(5min)	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
I	1159.	1142.	1112.	1159.	1159.
Reference	Tabanca, Demirci, et al., 2006	Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2006	Giuseppe, Manuela, et al., 2005	Sezik E., Kocakulak E., et al., 2005	Tabanca, Demirci, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Innowax FSC	Carbowax 20M	Innowax FSC	HP-Innowax	Innowax FSC
Column length (m)	60.		60.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He		He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25		0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.5	0.25
Program	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	not specified	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	40C (8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 240C	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
I	1159.	1144.	1159.	1107.	1159.
Reference	Demirci, Paper, et al., 2004	Vinogradov, 2004	Baser, Demirei, et al., 2002	Paroul, Rota, et al., 2002	Tunalier, Kirimer, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Carbowax 20M	Innowax	Innowax FSC	Innowax FSC	HP-Wax
Column length (m)		60.	60.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Program	not specified	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 200C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	50 0C 3 K/min -> 200 0C 8 K/min -> 280 0C
I	1150.	1159.	1159.	1159.	1135.
Reference	Gallori, Bilia, et al., 2001	Özcan, Akgül, et al., 2001	Saglam, Gozler, et al., 2001	Tabanca N., Demirci F., et al., 2001	Usubillaga, Aparicio, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax	HP-Innowax FSC	Innowax FSC	Innowax FSC	CP-Wax 52CB
Column length (m)	60.	60.	60.	60.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	Helium	Helium	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
Program	60 0C (10 min) 4 K/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 K/min -> 240 0C	60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C	60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 240 0C	60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 240 0C	30C (1.5min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 220C (3.5min)
I	1159.	1159.	1156.	1159.	1145.
Reference	Baser, Özek, et al., 2000	Bagci, Baser, et al., 1999	Kirimer, Tabanca, et al., 1999	Kirimer, Tabanca, et al., 1999	Jakobsen, Hansen, et al., 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	FFAP	Carbowax 20M	NB-351	CP-Wax 52CB	CP-Wax 52CB
Column length (m)	25.	60.	25.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.25	0.2	1.5	1.5
Program	40C(5min) => 4C/min => 170C => 8C/min => 240C (12min)	not specified	35C(5min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 5C/min => 240C (20min)	40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C	40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
I	1116.	1150.	1145.	1152.	1152.
Reference	Reddy, Angers, et al., 1998	Tirado, Stashenko, et al., 1995	Kerrola and Kallio, 1994	Luning, de Rijk, et al., 1994	Luning, de Rijk, et al., 1994
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program, Notes

Wang, Tian, et al., 2013
Wang, G.-J.; Tian, L.; Fan, Y.-M.; Qi, M.-L., Headspace single drop microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile compounds from herba Asari, J. Anal. Methods in Chemistry, 2013, 1-6. [all data]

Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012
Prompona, K.-D.; Kandylis, P.; Tsakiris, A.; Kanellaki, M.; Kourkoutas, Y., Application of alternative technologies for elimination of artificial colorings in alcoholic beverages produced by Citrus medica and potential impact on human health, Food Nutrition Sci., 2012, 3, 07, 959-969, https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.37127 . [all data]

Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 2011
Miyazaki, T.; Plotto, A.; Goodner, K.; Gmitter F.G., Distribution of aroma volatile compounds in tangerine hybrids and proposed inheritance, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2011, 91, 3, 449-460, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4205 . [all data]

Noorizadeh, Farmany, et al., 2011
Noorizadeh, H.; Farmany, A.; Noorizadeh, M., Quantitative structure-retention relationships analysis of retention index of essential oils, Quim. Nova, 2011, 34, 2, 242-249, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422011000200014 . [all data]

Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011
Povolo, M.; Cabassi, G.; Profaizer, M.; Lanteri, S., Study on the use of evolved gas analysis FT-IR (EGA FT-IR) for the evaluation of cheese volatile fraction, The Open Food Sci. J., 2011, 5, 1, 10-16, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874256401105010010 . [all data]

Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009
Mebazaa, R.; Mahmoudi, A.; Fouchet, M.; Dos Santos, M.; Kamissoko, F.; Nafti, A.; Ben Cheikh, R.; Rega, B.; Camel, V., Characterization of volatile compounds in Tunisian fenugreek seeds, Food Chem., 2009, 115, 4, 1326-1336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.066 . [all data]

Wedge, Klun, et al., 2009
Wedge, D.E.; Klun, J.A.; Tabanca, N.; Demirci, B.; Ozek, T.; Baser, K.H.C.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, S.; Cantrell, C.L.; Zhang, J., Bioactivity-guided fractionation and GC/MS fingerprinting of Amgelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica root components for antifungal and mosquito deterrent activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 2, 464-470, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802820d . [all data]

Hudaib and Aburjai, 2007
Hudaib, M.; Aburjai, T., Volatile components of Thymus vulgaris L. from wild-growing and cultivated plants in Jordan, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 322-327, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1800 . [all data]

Kaya, Benirci, et al., 2007
Kaya, A.; Benirci, B.; Baser, K.H.C., Micromorphology of glandular trichomes of Nepeta congesta Fisch. Mey. var. congesta (LAmiaceae) and chemical analysis of the essential oils, South African J. Botany, 2007, 73, 1, 29-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2006.05.004 . [all data]

Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007
Narain, N.; Galvao, M.S.; Madruga, M.S., Volatile compounds captured through purge and trap technique in caja-umbu (Spondias sp.) fruits during maturation, Food Chem., 2007, 102, 3, 726-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.003 . [all data]

Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Guadayol, J.M.; Caixach, J.; López-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Analytical, Nutritional, and Clinical Methods. Comparative study of different extraction techniques for the analysis of virgin olive oil aroma, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 3, 1171-1178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.018 . [all data]

Erdurak, Coskun, et al., 2006
Erdurak, C.S.; Coskun, M.; Demirci, B.; Baser, K.H.C., Composition of the essential oil of fruits and roots of Ferulago isaurica Pesmen and F. syriaca Boiss. (Umbelliferae) from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 118-121, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1540 . [all data]

Tabanca, Demirci, et al., 2006
Tabanca, N.; Demirci, B.; Ozek, T.; Kirimer, N.; Can Baser, K.H.; Bedir, E.; Khan, I.A.; Wedge, D.E., Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oils from Pimpinella species gathered from Central and Northern Turkey, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1117, 2, 194-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.075 . [all data]

Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2006
Vichi, S.; Guadayol, J.M.; Caixach, J.; López-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of virgin olive oil by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1125, 1, 117-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.029 . [all data]

Giuseppe, Manuela, et al., 2005
Giuseppe, Z.; Manuela, G.; Marta, B.; Vincenzo, G., Application of artificial neural network on mono- and sesquiterpenes compounds determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the Piedmont ricotta cheese traceability, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1071, 1-2, 247-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.083 . [all data]

Sezik E., Kocakulak E., et al., 2005
Sezik E.; Kocakulak E.; Baser K.H.C.; Ozek T., Composition of the essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp macrocarpa from Turkey, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 3, 352-354, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0149-0 . [all data]

Tabanca, Demirci, et al., 2005
Tabanca, N.; Demirci, B.; Kirimer, N.; Baser, K.H.C.; Bedir, E.; Khand, I.A.; Wedge, D.E., Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oils from Pimpinella aurea, Pimpinella corymbosa, Pimpinella peregrina and Pimpinella puberula gathered from Eastern and Southern Turkey, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1097, 1-2, 192-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.047 . [all data]

Demirci, Paper, et al., 2004
Demirci, F.; Paper, D.H.; Franz, G.; Hüsnü Can Baser, K., Investigation of the origanum onites L. essential oil using the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 2, 251-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034850k . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Baser, Demirei, et al., 2002
Baser, K.H.C.; Demirei, B.; Özek, T.; Akalin, E.; Özhatay, N., Micro-distilled volatile compounds from Ferulago species growing in Western Turkey, Pharm. Biol., 2002, 40, 6, 466-471, https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.6.466.8439 . [all data]

Paroul, Rota, et al., 2002
Paroul, N.; Rota, L.; Frizzo, C.; Atti dos Santos, A.C.; Moyna, P.; Gower, A.E.; Serafini, L.A., Chemical composition of the volatiles of Angelica root obtained by hydrodistillation and supercritical CO₂ extraction, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2002, 14, 4, 282-285, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699855 . [all data]

Tunalier, Kirimer, et al., 2002
Tunalier, Z.; Kirimer, N.; Baser, K.H.C., The composition of essential oils from various parts of Juniperus foetidissima, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2002, 38, 1, 43-47, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015725630556 . [all data]

Gallori, Bilia, et al., 2001
Gallori, S.; Bilia, A.R.; Mulinacci, N.; Bicchi, C.; Rubiolo, P.; Vincieri, F.F., Identification of volatile constituents of Tambourissa leptophylla, Planta Medica, 2001, 67, 3, 290-292, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-12001 . [all data]

Özcan, Akgül, et al., 2001
Özcan, M.; Akgül, A.; Bascr, K.H.C.; Özck, T.; Tabanca, N., Essential oil composition of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) form Turkey, Nahrung/Food, 2001, 45, 5, 353-356, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3803(20011001)45:5<353::AID-FOOD353>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Saglam, Gozler, et al., 2001
Saglam, H.; Gozler, T.; Kivcak, B.; Demirci, B.; Baser, K.H.C., Volatile compounds from Haplophyllum myrtifolium, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 37, 5, 442-444, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014467225815 . [all data]

Tabanca N., Demirci F., et al., 2001
Tabanca N.; Demirci F.; Ozek T.; Tumen G.; Baser K.H.C., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Origanum x dolichosiphon P. H. Davis, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 37, 3, 238-241, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012513922871 . [all data]

Usubillaga, Aparicio, et al., 2001
Usubillaga, A.; Aparicio, R.; Romero, M.; Rojas, L.B.; Khouri, N., Volatile constituents from the leaves of four Libanothamus species from the Venezuelan Andes, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 209-211, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.981 . [all data]

Baser, Özek, et al., 2000
Baser, K.H.C.; Özek, T.; Demirci, B.; Duman, H., Composition of the essential oil of Glaucosciadium cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt et Davis from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 1, 45-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200001/02)15:1<45::AID-FFJ867>3.0.CO;2-L . [all data]

Bagci, Baser, et al., 1999
Bagci, E.; Baser, K.H.C.; Kürkcüoglu, M.; Babac, T.; Celik, S., Study of the essential oil composition of two subspecies of Abies cilicica (Ant. et Kotschy) Carr. from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 47-49, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<47::AID-FFJ782>3.0.CO;2-R . [all data]

Kirimer, Tabanca, et al., 1999
Kirimer, N.; Tabanca, N.; Ozek, T.; Basher, K.H.C.; Tumen, G., Composition of essential oils from two endemic Sideritis species of Turkey, Chem. Natural Comp., 1999, 35, 1, 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238211 . [all data]

Jakobsen, Hansen, et al., 1998
Jakobsen, H.B.; Hansen, M.; Christensen, M.R.; Brockhoff, P.B.; Olsen, C.E., Aroma volatiles of blanched green peas (Pisum sativum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 9, 3727-3734, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980026y . [all data]

Reddy, Angers, et al., 1998
Reddy, M.V.B.; Angers, P.; Gosselin, A.; Arul, J., Characterization and use of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer in strawberry fruits, Phytochemistry, 1998, 47, 8, 1515-1520, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00795-4 . [all data]

Tirado, Stashenko, et al., 1995
Tirado, C.B.; Stashenko, E.E.; Combariza, M.Y.; Martinez, J.R., Comparative study of Colombian citrus oils by high-resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 697, 1-2, 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)00955-9 . [all data]

Kerrola and Kallio, 1994
Kerrola, K.M.; Kallio, H.P., Extraction of volatile compounds of angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) root by liquid carbon dioxide, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 10, 2235-2245, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00046a030 . [all data]

Luning, de Rijk, et al., 1994
Luning, P.A.; de Rijk, T.; Wichers, H.J.; Roozen, J.P., Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sniffing port analyses of volatile compounds of fresh bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) at different ripening stages, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 4, 977-983, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a027 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program, References

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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