Carbon dioxide

Formula: CO₂
Molecular weight: 44.0095
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 124-38-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Carbon dioxide (¹²C¹⁶O₂)
Other names: Carbon oxide (CO2); Carbonic acid, gas; Carbonic anhydride; Dry ice; CO2; Anhydride carbonique; Carbonica; Kohlendioxyd; Kohlensaure; UN 1013; UN 1845; UN 2187; Cardice; Dricold; Drikold; Carbonic acid anhydride; Khladon 744; R 744
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 143
- Henry's Law data
- Gas phase ion energetics data
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
- Fluid Properties
Data at other public NIST sites:
Options:
- Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: Br^- + CO₂ = (Br^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995	gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
_rH°	6.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	16.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	1.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (Br^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	6.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (Br^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (Br^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (Br^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (Br^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 6 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 7)

By formula: (Br^- 6CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 7CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 7 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 8)

By formula: (Br^- 7CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 8CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 8 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 9)

By formula: (Br^- 8CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 9CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 9 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 10)

By formula: (Br^- 9CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 10CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 10 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 11)

By formula: (Br^- 10CO₂) + CO₂ = (Br^- 11CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	0.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: CHO⁺ + CO₂ = (CHO⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (CHO⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (CHO⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (CHO⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (CHO⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (CHO⁺ 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (CHO⁺ 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CHO₂⁺ + Carbon dioxide = (CHO₂⁺ )

By formula: CHO₂⁺ + CO₂ = (CHO₂⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1992	gas phase; M
_rH°	18.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
_rH°	19.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Jennings, Headley, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
_rH°	20.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	26.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1992	gas phase; M
_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
_rS°	27.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Jennings, Headley, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M

(CHO₂⁺ Carbon dioxide ) + = (CHO₂⁺ 2)

By formula: (CHO₂⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (CHO₂⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(CHO₂⁺ 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = (CHO₂⁺ 3)

By formula: (CHO₂⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (CHO₂⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( 4294967295 Carbon dioxide ) + =

By formula: (CHO₂^- 4294967295CO₂) + CO₂ = CHO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	51.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989	gas phase; B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: CH₃⁺ + CO₂ = (CH₃⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	49.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988	gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 48.3 kcal/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M

CH₆N⁺ + Carbon dioxide = (CH₆N⁺ )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + CO₂ = (CH₆N⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

CN^- + Carbon dioxide = (CN^- )

By formula: CN^- + CO₂ = (CN^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	17.30 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	31.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	7.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: CO₂⁺ + CO₂ = (CO₂⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	16. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rS°	18.6	cal/mol*K	DT	Illies, 1988	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH(0 K)=15.9 kcal/mol; M
_rS°	19.5	cal/mol*K	DT	Van Koppen, Kemper, et al., 1983	gas phase; M
_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Headley, Mason, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (CO₂⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₂⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.6 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rH°	8.3	kcal/mol	EI	Cameron, Aitken, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
_rH°	3.3	kcal/mol	PI	Linn and Ng, 1981	gas phase; M
_rH°	6.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	14.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (CO₂⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₂⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.0	kcal/mol	EI	Cameron, Aitken, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
_rH°	5.1 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rH°	2.8	kcal/mol	PI	Linn and Ng, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (CO₂⁺ 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₂⁺ 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.8 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (CO₂⁺ 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₂⁺ 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.3 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (CO₂⁺ 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₂⁺ 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CO₃^- + Carbon dioxide = C₂O₅^-

By formula: CO₃^- + CO₂ = C₂O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
_rH°	7.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	1.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
_rG°	0.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B

CO₃^- + Carbon dioxide = (CO₃^- )

By formula: CO₃^- + CO₂ = (CO₃^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.9 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	16.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- Carbon dioxide ) + = (CO₃^- 2)

By formula: (CO₃^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₃^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.7 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	17.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = (CO₃^- 3)

By formula: (CO₃^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₃^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.5 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = (CO₃^- 4)

By formula: (CO₃^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₃^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.2 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = (CO₃^- 5)

By formula: (CO₃^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₃^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.8 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = (CO₃^- 6)

By formula: (CO₃^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₃^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.7 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- 6 Carbon dioxide ) + = (CO₃^- 7)

By formula: (CO₃^- 6CO₂) + CO₂ = (CO₃^- 7CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.45	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( 4294967295 Carbon dioxide ) + =

By formula: (C₂H₂O₂^- 4294967295CO₂) + CO₂ = C₂H₂O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	61.7 ± 2.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Wenthold and Squires, 1994	gas phase; B

( 4294967295 Carbon dioxide ) + =

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- 4294967295CO₂) + CO₂ = C₂H₃O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	59.7 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	CIDC	Wenthold and Squires, 1994	gas phase; B

C₂H₈N⁺ + Carbon dioxide = (C₂H₈N⁺ )

By formula: C₂H₈N⁺ + CO₂ = (C₂H₈N⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

C₂O₅^- + 2 Carbon dioxide = C₃O₇^-

By formula: C₂O₅^- + 2CO₂ = C₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

C₃O₇^- + 3 Carbon dioxide = C₄O₉^-

By formula: C₃O₇^- + 3CO₂ = C₄O₉^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

C₄O₉^- + 4 Carbon dioxide = C₅O₁₁^-

By formula: C₄O₉^- + 4CO₂ = C₅O₁₁^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

C₅O₁₁^- + 5 Carbon dioxide = C₆O₁₃^-

By formula: C₅O₁₁^- + 5CO₂ = C₆O₁₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

C₆O₁₃^- + 6 Carbon dioxide = C₇O₁₅^-

By formula: C₆O₁₃^- + 6CO₂ = C₇O₁₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

C₇O₁₅^- + 7 Carbon dioxide = C₈O₁₇^-

By formula: C₇O₁₅^- + 7CO₂ = C₈O₁₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-2.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

(Ca⁺² 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = (Ca⁺² 5 )

By formula: (Ca⁺² 4CO₂ CCaO₃) + CO₂ = (Ca⁺² 5CO₂ CCaO₃)

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.6	296.	FA	Spears and Fehsenfeld, 1972	gas phase; M

(Ca⁺² 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = (Ca⁺² 6)

By formula: (Ca⁺² 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (Ca⁺² 6CO₂)

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	296.	FA	Spears and Fehsenfeld, 1972	gas phase; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: Cl^- + CO₂ = (Cl^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.80 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995	gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
_rH°	7.60	kcal/mol	TDEq	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	8.00 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	2.10	kcal/mol	TDEq	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; B
_rG°	2.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (Cl^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (Cl^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
_rH°	7.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
_rG°	1.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; B

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (Cl^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (Cl^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
_rH°	6.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
_rG°	0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; B

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (Cl^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (Cl^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; entropy estimated.; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; entropy estimated.; B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: Cs⁺ + CO₂ = (Cs⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.2	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	14.3	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.4	301.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( ) + Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: (Cs⁺ H₂O) + CO₂ = (Cs⁺ CO₂ H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.2	301.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: F^- + CO₂ = (F^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	32.07	kcal/mol	N/A	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995	gas phase; B
_rH°	32.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	31.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1985	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	33.0 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	McMahon and Northcott, 1978	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	26.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1985	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	24.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
_rG°	24.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1985	gas phase; B,M
_rG°	11.6	kcal/mol	FA	Spears and Ferguson, 1973	gas phase; DG>; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (F^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (F^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	1.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (F^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (F^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (F^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (F^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (F^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (F^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (F^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (F^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 6 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 7)

By formula: (F^- 6CO₂) + CO₂ = (F^- 7CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: Fe⁺ + CO₂ = (Fe⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	14.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

HO^- + Carbon dioxide = (HO^- )

By formula: HO^- + CO₂ = (HO^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	50.9 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	CIDT	Squires, 1992	gas phase; Dissociative protonation threshold at nPrSH, 9 kcal> calc. CIDC(HOCO2-..HSH) = 7:1 HOCO2-; B
_rH°	87.60	kcal/mol	Endo	Hierl and Paulson, 1984	gas phase; Implies «DELTA»Hacid = 291.4, anion appears too stable - JEB; B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: HO^- + CO₂ = (HO^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	88.	kcal/mol	CID	Hierl and Paulson, 1984	gas phase; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: H₃O⁺ + CO₂ = (H₃O⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	14.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1992	gas phase; M
_rH°	15.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
_rH°	14.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1992	gas phase; M
_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (H₃O⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (H₃O⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + CO₂ = (H₄N⁺ CO₂)

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.3	296.	FA	Spears and Fehsenfeld, 1972	gas phase; M

( 2) + Carbon dioxide = ( 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ 2H₂O) + CO₂ = (H₄N⁺ CO₂ 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	1.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: I^- + CO₂ = (I^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.7 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	N/A	Piani, Becucci, et al., 2008	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
_rH°	4.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	4.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
_rH°	5.60 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	13.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
_rG°	0.80 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B,M
_rG°	0.40 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (I^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	4.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	2.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	17.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (I^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	2.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
_rH°	3.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	4.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (I^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
_rH°	3.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	4.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (I^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
_rH°	3.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	4.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (I^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
_rH°	4.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( 6 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 7)

By formula: (I^- 6CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 7CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	1.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B

( 7 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 8)

By formula: (I^- 7CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 8CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	3.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
_rH°	1.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002	gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B

( 8 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 9)

By formula: (I^- 8CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 9CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	2.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 9 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 10)

By formula: (I^- 9CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 10CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	0.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 10 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 11)

By formula: (I^- 10CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 11CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 11 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 12)

By formula: (I^- 11CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 12CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

( 12 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 13)

By formula: (I^- 12CO₂) + CO₂ = (I^- 13CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	1.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	PDis	Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: K⁺ + CO₂ = (K⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	8.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Castleman and Keesee, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	15.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Castleman and Keesee, 1981	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.7	310.	DT	Keller and Beyer, 1971	gas phase; low E/N; M

Kr⁺ + Carbon dioxide = (Kr⁺ )

By formula: Kr⁺ + CO₂ = (Kr⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	18.9 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	SIFT	Praxmarer, Jordan, et al., 1993	gas phase; switching reaction(Kr+)Kr; Wadt, 1978, Radzig and Smirnov, 1985; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: Mg⁺ + CO₂ = (Mg⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	13.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (Mg⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (Mg⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	11.5 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (Mg⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (Mg⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	10.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: NO^- + CO₂ = (NO^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	8.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	DT	Illies, 1988	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH(0 K)=8.60 kcal/mol; M
_rH°	7.7 ± 0.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M
_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	FA	Dunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971	gas phase; switching reaction(NO+)NO, «DELTA»_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.0	cal/mol*K	DT	Illies, 1988	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH(0 K)=8.60 kcal/mol; M
_rS°	13.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (NO^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.4 ± 0.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	17.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (NO^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.2 ± 0.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (NO^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.7 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (NO^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.2 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; M

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (NO^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: NO₂^- + CO₂ = (NO₂^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	9.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	17.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	2.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
_rG°	2.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (NO₂^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	1.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (NO₂^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (NO₂^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (NO₂^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (NO₂^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-2.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 6 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 7)

By formula: (NO₂^- 6CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 7CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-2.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 7 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 8)

By formula: (NO₂^- 7CO₂) + CO₂ = (NO₂^- 8CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-2.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: NO₃^- + CO₂ = (NO₃^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	2.70 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B,M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: Na⁺ + CO₂ = (Na⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	15.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	FA	Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	FA	Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	310.	DT	Keller and Beyer, 1971, 2	gas phase; low E/N; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (Na⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.8	310.	DT	Keller and Beyer, 1971, 2	gas phase; low E/N; M

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (Na⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (Na⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (Na⁺ 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (Na⁺ 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.7	310.	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( ) + Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: (Na⁺ H₂O) + CO₂ = (Na⁺ CO₂ H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M

( 2) + Carbon dioxide = ( 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ 2H₂O) + CO₂ = (Na⁺ CO₂ 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; M

( 3) + Carbon dioxide = ( 3)

By formula: (Na⁺ 3H₂O) + CO₂ = (Na⁺ CO₂ 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

O^- + Carbon dioxide = (O^- )

By formula: O^- + CO₂ = (O^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	48. ± 10.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	48.0 ± 5.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Adams and Bohme, 1970	gas phase; O₃^- + CO₂ <=> CO₃^- + O₂; B

(O^- Carbon dioxide ) + = (O^- 2)

By formula: (O^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (O^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	7.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M

(O^- ) + Carbon dioxide = (O^- )

By formula: (O^- H₂O) + CO₂ = (O^- CO₂ H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	36.4	kcal/mol	PDiss	Roehl, Snodgrass, et al., 1991	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH>; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: O₂⁺ + CO₂ = (O₂⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	9.8 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	17.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rS°	18.9	cal/mol*K	DT	Illies, 1988	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH(0 K)=9.80 kcal/mol; M
_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	N/A	Dotan, Davidson, et al., 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(O2+)O2, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Conway and Janik, 1970; M
_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, «DELTA»_rH>; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	4.4	kcal/mol	DT	Rakshit and Warneck, 1981	gas phase; M
_rG°	4.3	kcal/mol	FA	Dotan, Davidson, et al., 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(O2+)O2, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Conway and Janik, 1970; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	600.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, «DELTA»_rH>; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (O₂⁺ CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂⁺ 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	8.6 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rH°	7.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
_rS°	15.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (O₂⁺ 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂⁺ 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.2 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (O₂⁺ 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂⁺ 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	5.1 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (O₂⁺ 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂⁺ 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.5 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (O₂⁺ 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂⁺ 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: O₂^- + CO₂ = (O₂^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	19.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
_rH°	17.7 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	IMRE	Pack and Phelps, 1966	gas phase; Corrected with more recent EA(O2) = 0.45 eV; B,M
_rH°	25.4 ± 4.6	kcal/mol	PDis	Vestal and Mauclaire, 1977	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
_rS°	21.	cal/mol*K	DT	Pack and Phelps, 1966	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	11.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B
_rG°	12.2 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	IMRE	Pack and Phelps, 1966	gas phase; Corrected with more recent EA(O2) = 0.45 eV; B
_rG°	10.0	kcal/mol	FA	Adams and Bohme, 1970	gas phase; switching reaction(O2-)O2; Conway and Nesbit, 1968; M

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.9	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; switching reaction(O2-)H2O; Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970; M

( Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 2)

By formula: (O₂^- CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂^- 2CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	1.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 2 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 3)

By formula: (O₂^- 2CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂^- 3CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 3 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 4)

By formula: (O₂^- 3CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂^- 4CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-0.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 4 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 5)

By formula: (O₂^- 4CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂^- 5CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	18.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 5 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 6)

By formula: (O₂^- 5CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂^- 6CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( 6 Carbon dioxide ) + = ( 7)

By formula: (O₂^- 6CO₂) + CO₂ = (O₂^- 7CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	4.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	-1.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992	gas phase; B

( ) + Carbon dioxide = ( )

By formula: (O₂^- H₂O) + CO₂ = (O₂^- CO₂ H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; switching reaction(O2-)2H2O; Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970; M

O₂S⁺ + Carbon dioxide = (O₂S⁺ )

By formula: O₂S⁺ + CO₂ = (O₂S⁺ CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	9.6 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	DT	Illies, 1988	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH(0 K)=10.2 kcal/mol; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	16.5	cal/mol*K	DT	Illies, 1988	gas phase; «DELTA»_rH(0 K)=10.2 kcal/mol; M

O₃S^- + Carbon dioxide = (O₃S^- )

By formula: O₃S^- + CO₂ = (O₃S^- CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rH°	6.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
_rG°	0.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Notes

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kim, E.H.; Neumark, D.M., Study of halogen carbon dioxide clusters and the fluoroformyloxyl radical by photodetachment of X(-)(CO2) (X=I,Cl,Br) and FCO2-, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 9, 3493, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.468575 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Stability and Structure of Cluster Ions: Halide Ions with CO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 6, 3647, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452962 . [all data]

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kim, E.H.; Neumark, D.M., Study of I-(CO2)n, Br-(CO2)n, and I-(N2O)n clusters by anion photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 9, 3510, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.468576 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986
Hiraoka, K.; Shoda, T.; Morise, K.; Yamabe, S.; Kawai, E.; Hirao, K., Stability and structure of cluster ions in the gas phase: Carbon dioxide with Cl^-, H₃O⁺, HCO₂⁺ and HCO⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 2091. [all data]

Szulejko and McMahon, 1992
Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., personal communication, 1992. [all data]

Jennings, Headley, et al., 1982
Jennings, K.R.; Headley, J.V.; Mason, R.S., The Temperature Dependence of Ion - Molecule Association Reactions, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion Phys, 1982, 45, 315. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Proton Affinity and Ion - Molecule Clustering in CO2 and CS2. Applications in Martian Ionospheric Chemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 10, 4527, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433706 . [all data]

Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.; Renneboog, R.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Acidities of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Based on Measurements of Proton Transfer Equilibria, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 4, 661, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-092 . [all data]

McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988
McMahon, T.; Heinis, T.; Nicol, G.; Hovey, J.K.; Kebarle, P., Methyl Cation Affinities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7591, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a002 . [all data]

Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974
Foster, M.S.; Williamson, A.D.; Beauchamp, J.L., Photoionization mass spectrometry of trans-azomethane, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 15, 429. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion - Molecule Condensation Reactions: A Mechanism for Chemical Synthesis in Ionized Reducing Planetary Atmospheres, Origins Life, 1978, 9, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931409 . [all data]

Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988
Larson, J.W.; Szulejko, J.E.; McMahon, T.B., Gas Phase Lewis Acid-Base Interactions. An Experimental Determination of Cyanide Binding Energies From Ion Cyclotron Resonance and High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Equilibrium Measurements., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7604, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a004 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Nakajima, G.; Shoda, S., Determination of the Stabilities of CO2+(CO2)n and O2+(CO2)n Clusters with n = 1 - 6, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, 146, 6, 535, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)87495-5 . [all data]

Illies, 1988
Illies, A.J., Thermochemistry of the Gas - Phase Ion - Molecule Clustering of CO2+CO2, SO2+CO2, N2O+N2O, O2+CO2, NO+CO2 and NO+N2O: Description of a New Hybrid Drift Tube/Ion Source with Coaxial Electron Beam and Ion Exit Apertures, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 10, 2889, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100321a037 . [all data]

Van Koppen, Kemper, et al., 1983
Van Koppen, P.A.M.; Kemper, P.R.; Illies, A.J.; Bowers, M.T., An Improved High - Pressure, Temperature - Variable Ion Source with Coaxial Electron Beam/Ion Exit Slit, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1983, 54, 3, 263, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(83)80015-9 . [all data]

Headley, Mason, et al., 1982
Headley, J.V.; Mason, R.S.; Jennings, K.R., Kinetics, Equilibria and Diffusion of Ions Produced in N2, CO and CO2, Studied as a Function of Temperature using a High - Pressure Pulsed Mass Spectrometer, J. Chem. Soc., 1982, 78, 933. [all data]

Cameron, Aitken, et al., 1994
Cameron, B.R.; Aitken, C.G.; Harland, P.W., Appearence Energies of Small Cluster Ions and their Fragments, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1994, 90, 7, 935, https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9949000935 . [all data]

Linn and Ng, 1981
Linn, S.H.; Ng, C.Y., Photoionization Study of CO2, N2O Dimers and Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 10, 4921, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441931 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992
Hiraoka, K.; Yamabe, S., Formation of the Chelate Bonds in the Cluster O2(-)(CO2)n, CO3(-)(CO2)n, and NO2(-)(CO2)n, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 1, 643, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463560 . [all data]

Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Lee, N.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Properties of clusters in the gas phase: V. Complexes of neutral molecules onto negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 73, 2195. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1994
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Gas-phase properties and reactivity of the acetate radical anion. Determination of the C-H bond strengths in acetic acid and acetate ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 26, 11890, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a032 . [all data]

Spears and Fehsenfeld, 1972
Spears, K.G.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Termolecular Association Reactions of Mg, Ca, and Ba Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 11, 5698, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1677091 . [all data]

McKnight and Sawina, 1972
McKnight, L.G.; Sawina, J.M., Drift Velocities and Interactions of Cs+ Ions with Atmospheric Gases, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 12, 5156, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1678205 . [all data]

Banic and Iribarne, 1985
Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V., Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1985
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of the main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ICR halide exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 766. [all data]

McMahon and Northcott, 1978
McMahon, T.B.; Northcott, C.J., The Fluoroformate Ion FCO₂-: An ICR study of the gas phase lewis acidity of carbon dioxide and related isoelectronic species, Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1068. [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Spears and Ferguson, 1973
Spears, K.G.; Ferguson, E.E., Termolecular and Saturated Termolecular Kinetics for Li+ and F-, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 8, 4174, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680610 . [all data]

Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000
Rodgers, M.T.; Armentrout, P.B., Noncovalent Metal-Ligand Bond Energies as Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2000, 19, 4, 215, https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<215::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Squires, 1992
Squires, R.R., Gas Phase Thermochemical Properties of the Bicarbonate and Bisulfate Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1992, 117, 565, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(92)80114-G . [all data]

Hierl and Paulson, 1984
Hierl, P.M.; Paulson, J.F., Translational energy dependence of cross sections for reactions of OH^- (H₂O)n with CO₂ and SO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 4890. [all data]

Piani, Becucci, et al., 2008
Piani, G.; Becucci, M.; Bowen, M.S.; Oakman, J.; Hu, Q.; Continetti, R.E., Photodetachment and dissociation dynamics of microsolvated iodide clusters, Phys. Scripta, 2008, 78, 5, 058110, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/78/05/058110 . [all data]

Gomez, Taylor, et al., 2002
Gomez, H.; Taylor, T.R.; Neumark, D.M., Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of I-2(-)(CO2)(n)(n=1-8) clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 14, 6111-6117, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1458246 . [all data]

Castleman and Keesee, 1981
Castleman, A.W.; Keesee, R.G., Electron and Ion Swarms, Proc. Second Int. Swarm Seminar, L. G. Christoforou, ed. (Pergamon Press, New York), 1981, 189-201. [all data]

Keller and Beyer, 1971
Keller, G.E.; Beyer, R.A., Drift Tube Studies of Carbon Dioxide Clustering to Potassium and Sodium Ions, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1971, 16, 214. [all data]

Praxmarer, Jordan, et al., 1993
Praxmarer, C. Hansel; Jordan, A.; Kraus, H.; Lindinger, W., Reactions of Kr2+ with Various Neutrals, Int.J. Mass Spectrom. Ion. Proc., 1993, 129, 121, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)87036-R . [all data]

Wadt, 1978
Wadt, W.R., The Electronic States of Ar2+, Kr2+, Xe2+. I. Potential Curves with and without Spin-Orbit Coupling, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2, 402, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.435773 . [all data]

Radzig and Smirnov, 1985
Radzig, R.; Smirnov, B.M., Reference Data on Atoms in Molecules and Ions, Springer, Berlin, 1985. [all data]

Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000
Andersen, A.; Muntean, F.; Walter, D.; Rue, C.; Armentrout, P.B., Collision-Induced Dissociation and Theoretical Studies of Mg+ Complexes with CO, CO2, NH3, CH4, CH3OH, and C6H6, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2000, 104, 4, 692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp993031t . [all data]

Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991
Hiraoka, K.; Yamabe, S., Cluster Ions: Gas Phase Stabilities of NO+(O2)n and NO+(CO2)n with n = 1 - 5, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 9, 6800, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461518 . [all data]

Dunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971
Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Schelmetekopf, A.L.; Ferguson, E.E., Three-Body Association Reactions of NO+ with O2, N2, and CO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 9, 3817, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675432 . [all data]

Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984
Peterson, K.I.; Mark, T.D.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Thermochemical Properties of Gas - Phase Mixed Clusters: H2O/CO2 with Na+, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 13, 2880, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150657a042 . [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]

Keller and Beyer, 1971, 2
Keller, G.E.; Beyer, R.A., CO2 and O2 Clustering to Sodium Ions, J. Geophys. Res., 1971, 74, 1, 289, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA076i001p00289 . [all data]

Adams and Bohme, 1970
Adams, N.G.; Bohme, D., Flowing Afterglow Studies of Formation and Reactions of Cluster Ions of O₂⁺, O₂^-, and O^-, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 6, 3133, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1673449 . [all data]

Roehl, Snodgrass, et al., 1991
Roehl, C.M.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Deakyne, C.A.; Bowers, M.T., Photodissociation of CO3-.H2O: Observation of the O-.H2O + CO2 Product Channel, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 10, 6546, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.460281 . [all data]

Dotan, Davidson, et al., 1978
Dotan, I.; Davidson, J.A.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Albritton, D.L., Reactions of O2+.O2 with CO2, O3 and CH4 and O2+.O3 with H2O and CH4 and their Role in Stratospheric Ion Chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83, C8, 4036, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC083iC08p04036 . [all data]

Conway and Janik, 1970
Conway, D.C.; Janik, G.S., Determination of the Bond Energies for the Series O2 - O2+ through O2 - O10+, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 5, 1859, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674262 . [all data]

Rakshit and Warneck, 1981
Rakshit, A.B.; Warneck, P., Formation and Reactions of O2+.CO2, O2+.H2O and O2+(CO2)2 Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom Ion Phys., 1981, 40, 2, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(81)80037-X . [all data]

Pack and Phelps, 1966
Pack, J.L.; Phelps, A.V., Electron Attachment and Detachment . II. Mixtures of O₂ and CO₂ and of O₂ and H₂O, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 11, 4316, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1727491 . [all data]

Vestal and Mauclaire, 1977
Vestal, M.L.; Mauclaire, G.H., Photodissociaton of negative ions formed in CO₂ and CO₂/O₂ Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 3758. [all data]

Conway and Nesbit, 1968
Conway, D.C.; Nesbit, L.E., Stability of O₄^-, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 1, 509, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1667956 . [all data]

Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Laboratory studies of negative ion reactions with atmospheric trace constituents, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 3181. [all data]

Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970
Arshadi, M.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of OH^- and O₂^- in the Gas Phase. Comparative Solvation of OH^- by Water and the Hydrogen Halides. Effect of Acidity, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1483, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a015 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, References

Symbols used in this document:

T Temperature

_rG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions

_rH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

_rS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.

T	Temperature
_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions