Acetic acid, butyl ester
- Formula: C6H12O2
- Molecular weight: 116.1583
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 123-86-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5) - Isotopologues:
- Other names: n-Butyl acetate; Butyl acetate; Butyl ethanoate; 1-Butyl acetate; CH3COO(CH2)3CH3; Acetic acid n-butyl ester; n-Butyl ethanoate; Acetate de butyle; Butile(acetati di); Butylacetat; Butylacetaten; Butyle (acetate de); Butylester kyseliny octove; Butyl ester of acetic acid; 1-Acetoxybutane; 1-Butanol, acetate; Butyl ester, acetic acid; NSC 9298; Butile; Butyle; UN 1123
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | HP-5 MS | DB-5 | BPX-5 |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | ||
| Carrier gas | Helium | Hydrogen | Helium | ||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| Program | not specified | not specified | not specified | 35 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 17 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min) | 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min) |
| I | 813. | 819. | 811. | 776. | 813. |
| Reference | Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012 | Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012 | Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010 | da Fonseca, Bizerra, et al., 2009 | Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 2009 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | HP-5 | Squalane | DB-5 | Methyl Silicone | LM-5 |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | ||
| Carrier gas | Helium | ||||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | ||||
| Program | not specified | not specified | 50C(1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min) | not specified | 50 0C (10 min) 2 oC/min -> 75 0C 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 200 0C |
| I | 810. | 794. | 812. | 794. | 800. |
| Reference | Riahi, Pourbasheer, et al., 2009 | Chen, 2008 | Beaulieu and Lancaster, 2007 | Chen and Feng, 2007 | Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2007 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | LM-5 | VB-5 | SE-30 | HP-1 | ZB-5 |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 30. | 30. | |
| Carrier gas | Helium | He | He | ||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 | ||
| Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.33 | |||
| Program | not specified | 35C(1min) => 4C/min => 175C => 10C/min => 260C | not specified | 60C(5min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 280C(10min) | not specified |
| I | 793. | 812. | 794. | 813. | 820. |
| Reference | Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2007 | Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 2007 | Liu, Liang, et al., 2007 | Merle, Verdeguer, et al., 2007 | Kubota T., Dorea H.S., et al., 2006 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | HP-5MS | DB-5 | SPB-5 | SPB-5 | DB-5MS |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Program | 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 250C(5min) | 50C => 5C/min => 100C => 15C/min => 250C (19C) | 30C(3min) => 5C/min => 80C => 4C/min => 95C => 5C/min => 115C => 10C/min => 200C | 30C(3min) => 5C/min => 80C => 4C/min => 95C => 5C/min => 115C => 10C/min => 200C | 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C |
| I | 819. | 812. | 808. | 812. | 810. |
| Reference | Alissandrakis, Kibaris, et al., 2005 | Beaulieu, 2005 | Crook, Boylston, et al., 2004 | Crook, Boylston, et al., 2004 | Maia, Andrade, et al., 2004 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | SE-30 | SPB-5 | HP-5 | BPX-5 | HP-5 |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 30. | 60. | 30. | |
| Carrier gas | He | ||||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.25 | 1. | 0.25 | |
| Program | not specified | not specified | 40C(6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C | 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min) | not specified |
| I | 793. | 812. | 811. | 814. | 816. |
| Reference | Vinogradov, 2004 | Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003 | Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2003 | Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003 | Jordán, Goodner, et al., 2002 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Methyl Silicone | BPX-5 | Methyl Silicone | DB-1 | HP-1 |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 60. | 25. | ||
| Carrier gas | He | N2 | |||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | ||
| Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.25 | |||
| Program | not specified | -30C(1min) => 100C/min => 40C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C | not specified | 40 0C (10 min) 40 - 80 0C at 2 0C/min 80 - 200 0C at 5 0C/min 200 0C (10 min) | not specified |
| I | 794. | 812. | 796. | 804. | 799. |
| Reference | N/A | van Ruth, Grossmann, et al., 2001 | Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999 | Yen and Lin, 1999 | Ong, Acree, et al., 1998 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | SPB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 | SPB-1 | SPB-1 |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 60. | 60. | 60. | 60. |
| Carrier gas | He | Helium | Helium | ||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 5. | 0.25 | 0.25 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Program | 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C | not specified | 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min | 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C | not specified |
| I | 795. | 802. | 802. | 795. | 794. |
| Reference | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | CP Sil 8 CB | DB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 |
| Column length (m) | 40. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
| Carrier gas | He | H2 | H2 | H2 | H2 |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Program | 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C | 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C | 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C | 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C | 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C |
| I | 812. | 796. | 796. | 800. | 800. |
| Reference | Weller and Wolf, 1989 | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 | Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | OV-1 |
| Column length (m) | 25. | 50. | ||
| Carrier gas | He | Hydrogen | ||
| Substrate | ||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.31 | 0.32 | ||
| Phase thickness (μm) | ||||
| Program | not specified | not specified | not specified | not specified |
| I | 793. | 793. | 799. | 797. |
| Reference | Morales and Duque, 1987 | Shibamoto, 1987 | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012
Robinson, A.L.; Adams, D.O.; Boss, P.K.; Heymann, H.; Solomon, P.S.; Trengove, R.D.,
Influence of geographic origine on the sensory characteristics and wine composition of Vitus viniferas cv. Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Australia (Supplemental data),
Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 2012, 64, 4, 467-476, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2012.12023
. [all data]
Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010
Pino, J.A.; Marquez, E.; Quijano, C.E.; Castro, D.,
Volatile compounds in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) at two ripening stages,
Ciencia e Technologia de Alimentos, 2010, 30, 1, 183-187, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612010000100028
. [all data]
da Fonseca, Bizerra, et al., 2009
da Fonseca, A.M.; Bizerra, A.M.C.; de Souza, J.S.N.; Monte, F.J.Q.; de Oliveira M.C.F.; de Mattos, M.C.; Cordell, G.A.; Braz-Filho, R.; Lemos, T.L.G.,
Constituents and antioxidant activity of two varieties of coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.),
Braz. J. Pharmacognosy, 2009, 19, 1B, 193-198. [all data]
Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 2009
Ortiz, A.; Echeverra, G.; Graell, J.; Lara, I.,
Calcium dips enhance volatile emission of cold-stored Fuji Kiki-8 apples,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11, 4931-4938, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9003576
. [all data]
Riahi, Pourbasheer, et al., 2009
Riahi, S.; Pourbasheer, E.; Ganjali, M.R.; Norouzi, P.,
Investigation of different linear and non-linear chemometric methods for modeling of retention index of essential oil components: Concerns to support vector mashine,
J. Hazard. Mat., 2009, 166, 2-3, 853-859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.097
. [all data]
Chen, 2008
Chen, H.-F.,
Quantitative prediction of gas chromatography retention indices with support vector machines, radial basis neutral networks and multiple linear regression,
Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 609, 1, 24-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.003
. [all data]
Beaulieu and Lancaster, 2007
Beaulieu, J.C.; Lancaster, V.A.,
Correlating Volatile Compounds, Sensory Attributes, and Quality Parameters in Stored Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 23, 9503-9513, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070282n
. [all data]
Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C.,
QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants,
Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]
Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2007
Janzanntti, N.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; Lancas, F.M.,
Identificacao de compostos volateis de macas (Malus domestica) cultivar fuji, por chromatoghrafia gasosa-espectrometria de massas, 2007, retrieved from http://www.bibvirt.futuro.nsp.br/content/download/7005/56300/file/cta20u26.pdf. [all data]
Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 2007
Karlshøj, K.; Nielsen, P.V.; Larsen, T.O.,
Prediction of Penicillium expansum Spoilage and Patulin Concentration in Apples Used for Apple Juice Production by Electronic Nose Analysis,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 11, 4289-4298, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070134x
. [all data]
Liu, Liang, et al., 2007
Liu, F.; Liang, Y.; Cao, C.; Zhou, N.,
QSPR study of GC retention indices for saturated esters on seven stationary phases based on novel topological indices,
Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1307-1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.01.038
. [all data]
Merle, Verdeguer, et al., 2007
Merle, H.; Verdeguer, M.; Blázquez, M.A.; Boira, H.,
Chemical composition of the essential oils from Eriocephalus africanus L. var. africanus populations growing in Spain,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 461-464, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1821
. [all data]
Kubota T., Dorea H.S., et al., 2006
Kubota T.; Dorea H.S.; de Lima Nogueira P.C.,
Constituintes voláteis dos frutos de Hancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae), 29a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Química, PN-271, 2006, retrieved from https://sec.sbq.org.br/cd29ra/listaresumo.htm, https://sec.sbq.org.br/cd29ra/resumos/T1917-1.pdf. [all data]
Alissandrakis, Kibaris, et al., 2005
Alissandrakis, E.; Kibaris, A.C.; Tarantilis, P.A.; Harizanis, P.C.; Polissiou, M.,
Flavour compounds of Greek cotton honey,
J. Sci. Food Agric., 2005, 85, 9, 1444-1452, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2124
. [all data]
Beaulieu, 2005
Beaulieu, J.C.,
Within-Season Volatile and Quality Differences in Stored Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe Cultivars,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 22, 8679-8687, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050241w
. [all data]
Crook, Boylston, et al., 2004
Crook, L.R.; Boylston, T.D.; Glatz, B.A.,
Effect of gas environment and sorbate addition on flavor characteristics of irradiated apple cider during storage,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 23, 6997-7004, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049454w
. [all data]
Maia, Andrade, et al., 2004
Maia, J.G.S.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.,
Aroma volatiles from two fruit varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.),
Food Chem., 2004, 85, 2, 195-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00292-9
. [all data]
Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A.,
Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]
Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003
Begnaud, F.; Pérès, C.; Berdagué, J.-L.,
Characterization of volatile effluents of livestock buildings by solid-phase microextraction,
Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2003, 83, 10, 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310310001603349
. [all data]
Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2003
Jordán, M.J.; Margaría, C.A.; Shaw, P.E.; Goodner, K.L.,
Volatile components and aroma active compounds in aqueous essence and fresh pink guava fruid puree (Psidium guajava L.) by GC-MS and multidimensional GC/GC-O,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 5, 1421-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020765l
. [all data]
Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L.,
Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats,
Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4
. [all data]
Jordán, Goodner, et al., 2002
Jordán, M.J.; Goodner, K.L.; Shaw, P.E.,
Characterization of the aromatic profile in aqueous essence and fruit juice of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims F. Flavicarpa degner) by GC-MS and GC/O,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 6, 1523-1528, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011077p
. [all data]
van Ruth, Grossmann, et al., 2001
van Ruth, S.M.; Grossmann, I.; Geary, M.; Delahunty, C.M.,
Interactions between artificial saliva and 20 aroma compounds in water and oil model systems,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 5, 2409-2413, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001510f
. [all data]
Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999
Estrada, E.; Gutierrez, Y.,
Modeling chromatographic parameters by a novel graph theoretical sub-structural approach,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 858, 2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00808-0
. [all data]
Yen and Lin, 1999
Yen, G.-C.; Lin, H.-T.,
Changes in volatile flavor components of guava juice with high-pressure treatment and heat processing and during storage,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 5, 2082-2087, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9810057
. [all data]
Ong, Acree, et al., 1998
Ong, P.K.C.; Acree, T.E.; Lavin, E.H.,
Characterization of volatiles in rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 611-615, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970665t
. [all data]
Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D.,
Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]
Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R.,
Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas,
Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]
Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M.,
Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F
. [all data]
Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning,
Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111
. [all data]
Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M.,
Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC,
Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]
Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Güntert, M.; Jennings, W.,
Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 3, 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a037
. [all data]
Morales and Duque, 1987
Morales, A.L.; Duque, C.,
Aroma constituents of the fruit of the moutain papaya (Carica pubescens) from Colombia,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 4, 538-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a024
. [all data]
Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T.,
Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis
in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]
Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W.,
Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]
Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program, References
- Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.
© 2026 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by the Standard Reference Data Act.
