Benzene, 1-chloro-3-nitro-

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-14.10kcal/molCcbMasalitinova, Oleinikova, et al., 1981 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-692.9 ± 0.6kcal/molCcbMasalitinova, Oleinikova, et al., 1981 

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil508.7KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil508.65KN/ALecat, 1947Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus317.KN/ATimmermans, 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC
Tfus316.3KN/ASidgwick and Rubie, 1921Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC
Tfus317.KN/ABuechner, 1906Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Tfus316.95KN/ABruner, 1894Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap14.4 ± 0.05kcal/molGSVerevkin and Schick, 2003Based on data from 319. - 364. K.; AC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub19.7 ± 0.36kcal/molCRibeiro da Silva, Lobo Ferreira, et al., 2009AC
Δsub19.4 ± 0.07kcal/molGSVerevkin and Schick, 2003Based on data from 281. - 314. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
12.3429.EBPutcha, Ivaturi, et al., 1984Based on data from 414. - 506. K.; AC

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
17.9 ± 0.5281.VWolf and Weghofer, 1938ALS
17.9 ± 0.41275. - 286.N/ATrieschmann, 1935See also Wolf and Weghofer, 1938, 2.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
4.665316.9Straka, Ruzicka, et al., 2007AC
4.457318.Verevkin and Schick, 2003AC
4.630317.6Acree, 1991AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Bromine anion + Benzene, 1-chloro-3-nitro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, 1-chloro-3-nitro-)

By formula: Br- + C6H4ClNO2 = (Br- • C6H4ClNO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.5 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.1 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.1423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
1.28 ± 0.10IMREChowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986ΔGea(423 K) = -28.8 kcal/mol; ΔSea (estimated) = -1.7 eu.; B
1.258 ± 0.087IMREHuh, Kang, et al., 1999ΔG(EA) 343K; anchored to ΔG value. Including anchor ΔS, EA is ca. 0.4 kcal/mol more bound.; B
<1.380 ± 0.050PDMock and Grimsrud, 1989B
1.258 ± 0.048IMREFukuda and McIver, 1985ΔGea(355 K) = -28.4 kcal/mol; ΔSea =-1.7, est. from data in Chowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.9 ± 0.1EIBrown, 1970RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C6H4Cl+12.0 ± 0.1NO2EIBrown, 1970RDSH
C6H4OCl+10.3 ± 0.1NOEIBrown, 1970RDSH

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Benzene, 1-chloro-3-nitro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, 1-chloro-3-nitro-)

By formula: Br- + C6H4ClNO2 = (Br- • C6H4ClNO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.5 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.1 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.1423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-8777
NIST MS number 229144

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-11179.Vezzani, Moretti, et al., 1994Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-11185.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M1847.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M1862.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1847.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP5-MS210.Vrana, Paschke, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Masalitinova, Oleinikova, et al., 1981
Masalitinova, T.N.; Oleinikova, T.P.; Ryadnenko, V.L.; Kiseleva, N.N.; Lebedeva, N.D., Thermal effects of the hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1981, 54, 1551-1554, In original 1799. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Lecat, 1947
Lecat, M., Some azeotropes of which one constituant is heterocyclic nitrogen, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. 1, 1947, 61, 73. [all data]

Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

Sidgwick and Rubie, 1921
Sidgwick, N.V.; Rubie, H.E., The solubility and volatility of the chloro- and nitro-anilines and of their acetyl derivatives, J. Chem. Soc., 1921, 119, 1013-24. [all data]

Buechner, 1906
Buechner, E.H., Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1906, 54, 665. [all data]

Bruner, 1894
Bruner, L., The heats of fusion of some organic compounds, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1894, 27, 2102. [all data]

Verevkin and Schick, 2003
Verevkin, Sergey P.; Schick, Christoph, Determination of vapor pressures, enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of vaporization, and enthalpies of fusion of a series of chloro-aminobenzenes and chloro-nitrobenzenes, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2003, 211, 2, 161-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(03)00181-X . [all data]

Ribeiro da Silva, Lobo Ferreira, et al., 2009
Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Lobo Ferreira, Ana I.M.C.; Moreno, Ana Rita G., Experimental thermochemical study of the monochloronitrobenzene isomers, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2009, 41, 1, 109-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2008.07.012 . [all data]

Putcha, Ivaturi, et al., 1984
Putcha, Sivaram; Ivaturi, Rao V.; Machiraju, Ramakrishna, Vapor pressures of o-and m-nitrochlorobenzene, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1984, 29, 2, 135-136, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00036a011 . [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H., Uber sublimationswarmen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1938, 39, 194-208. [all data]

Trieschmann, 1935
Trieschmann, H.G., , Ph.D. Dissertation, Inst. Fur Phys. Chem. and Electrochem. der Universitat Kiel, Germany, 1935. [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938, 2
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H.Z., Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. B, 1938, 39, 194. [all data]

Straka, Ruzicka, et al., 2007
Straka, Martin; Ruzicka, Kvetoslav; Ruzicka, Vlastimil, Heat Capacities of Chloroanilines and Chloronitrobenzenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2007, 52, 4, 1375-1380, https://doi.org/10.1021/je700080k . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Chowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986
Chowdhury, S.; Heinis, T.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Entropy Changes and Electron Affinities from Gas-Phase Electron Transfer Equilibria: A- + B = A + B-, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 12, 2747, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a037 . [all data]

Huh, Kang, et al., 1999
Huh, C.; Kang, C.H.; Lee, H.W.; Nakamura, H.; Mishima, M.; Tsuno, Y.; Yamataka, H., Thermodynamic stabilities and resonance demand of aromatic radical anions in the gas phase, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1999, 72, 5, 1083-1091, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.72.1083 . [all data]

Mock and Grimsrud, 1989
Mock, R.S.; Grimsrud, E.P., Gas-Phase Electron Photodetachment Spectroscopy of the Molecular Anions of Nitroaromatic Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric Pressure, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 8, 2861, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a020 . [all data]

Fukuda and McIver, 1985
Fukuda, E.K.; McIver, R.T., Jr., Relative electron affinities of substituted benzophenones, nitrobenzenes, and quinones. [Anchored to EA(SO2) from 74CEL/BEN], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2291. [all data]

Brown, 1970
Brown, P., Kinetic studies in mass spectrometry. IX. Competing [M-NO2] and [M-NO] reactions in substituted nitrobenzenes. Approximate activation energies from ionization and appearance potentials, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 4, 533. [all data]

Vezzani, Moretti, et al., 1994
Vezzani, S.; Moretti, P.; Castello, G., Fast and Accurate Method for the Automatic Prediction of Programmed-Temperature Retention Times, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 677, 2, 331-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80161-4 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Vrana, Paschke, et al., 2005
Vrana, B.; Paschke, H.; Paschke, A.; Popp, P.; Schuurmann, G., Performance of semipermeable membrane devices for sampling of organic contaminants in groun water, J. Envirom. Monit., 2005, 7, 5, 500-508, https://doi.org/10.1039/b411645c . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References