Dodecanal

Formula: C₁₂H₂₄O
Molecular weight: 184.3184
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13/h12H,2-11H2,1H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HFJRKMMYBMWEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 112-54-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Lauraldehyde; n-Dodecanal; n-Dodecyl aldehyde; n-Dodecylic aldehyde; n-Lauraldehyde; Aldehyde C-12; Dodecanaldehyde; Dodecyl aldehyde; Lauric aldehyde; Lauryl aldehyde; 1-Dodecanal; C-12 aldehyde, lauric; 1-Dodecyl aldehyde; Duodecylic aldehyde; Laurinaldehyde; Aldehyde C-12, lauric; NSC 46128
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
Options:
- Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	Equity-5MS	HP-5MS	BP-1	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas		He	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	270.	250.	250.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	15.	3.	2.	2.	5.
Initial hold (min)			8.		10.
Final hold (min)	15.	10.	30.	20.
I	1426.	1401.	1409.	1386.	1411.
Reference	Zaikin, 2010	Belsito E.L., Carbone C., et al., 2007	Benkaci-Ali, Baaliouamer, et al., 2007	Duquesnoy, Castola, et al., 2007	Flamini, Tebano, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-1	HP-5MS	DB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	20.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He			He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	1.	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	280.	290.	240.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	10.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)		5.	1.	4.
Final hold (min)	35.		10.	15.
I	1388.	1407.	1420.	1411.	1405.
Reference	Paolini, Muselli, et al., 2007	Saroglou, Marin, et al., 2007	Bylaite and Meyer, 2006	Kallio, Jussila, et al., 2006	Kukic J., Petrovic S., et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	HP-5	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-5MS	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.4	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	40.	80.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	280.	300.	270.	200.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	10.	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)	5.	5.		5.	10.
Final hold (min)				45.
I	1416.	1405.	1389.	1402.	1410.
Reference	Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006	Vundac, Pfeifhofer, et al., 2006	Ziegenbein, Hanssen, et al., 2006	Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005	Celik, Gokturk, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	BPX-5	MDN-5	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	DB-5
Column length (m)	60.	25.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	1.	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	50.	50.	40.	75.
T_end (C)	230.	300.	250.	250.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	5.	3.	7.	3.
Initial hold (min)	2.	5.		10.	10.
Final hold (min)	20.			5.	1.
I	1401.	1421.	1407.	1440.	1409.
Reference	Choi, 2005	Dickschat J.S., Wagner-Dobler I., et al., 2005	Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2005	Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005	bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	ZB-5	Mega 5MS	RTX-5	HP-5MS	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	45.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	265.	240.	300.	280.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	7.	3.	3.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)		2.	6.	5.
Final hold (min)	5.		10.
I	1403.	1402.	1408.	1407.	1413.
Reference	Mahattanatawee, Rouseff, et al., 2005	Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2005	Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2004	Grujic-Jovanovic, Skaltsa, et al., 2004	Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	SPB-1	SPB-1	SPB-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	25.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	35.	35.	35.	35.
T_end (C)	310.	225.	225.	225.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	4.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)		5.	5.	10.	10.
Final hold (min)		20.	20.
I	1409.	1386.	1390.	1388.	1388.
Reference	Singer, Flach, et al., 2004	Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003	Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	DB-5	HP-5	HP-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		N2	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.5
T_start (C)	35.	70.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	225.	230.	220.	220.	265.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	5.	5.	7.
Initial hold (min)	10.	2.	10.	10.
Final hold (min)		20.			5.
I	1387.	1401.	1412.	1410.	1409.
Reference	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003	Choi, 2003	Dural, Bagci, et al., 2003	Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003	Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	HP-5	Mega 5MS	BPX-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas		He	He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	40.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	265.	280.	240.	250.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	7.	4.	3.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)		5.	2.	5.	2.
Final hold (min)	5.			20.	20.
I	1411.	1407.	1402.	1422.	1401.
Reference	Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003	Skaltsa, Demetzos, et al., 2003	Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2003	Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002	Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 5 CB	BP-1	CP Sil 8 CB	SPB-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	50.	50.	60.	15.	15.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.15	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	40.	35.	35.
T_end (C)	300.	220.	250.	225.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	4.	6.	6.
Initial hold (min)	3.		8.	3.	3.
Final hold (min)		20.	10.	10.	10.
I	1408.	1389.	1399.	1387.	1395.
Reference	Heinrich, Pfeifhofer, et al., 2002	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2002	Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 2002	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2001	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	DB-5	HP-5	HP-5MS	CP Sil 8 CB
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas		H2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	50.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	240.	240.	200.	280.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	7.	3.	4.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)			1.	5.	2.
Final hold (min)	5.
I	1385.	1407.	1417.	1407.	1414.
Reference	Lin and Rouseff, 2001	Nogueira, Bittrich, et al., 2001	Shalit, Katzir, et al., 2001	Skaltsa, Mavrommati, et al., 2001	Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5	DB-5	HP-5	Mega 5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	100.	70.	40.
T_end (C)	280.	280.	275.	230.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	5.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.	5.	1.		2.
Final hold (min)			3.
I	1406.	1404.	1407.	1408.	1402.
Reference	Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000	Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000, 2	Marques, McElfresh, et al., 2000	Song, Sawamura, et al., 2000	Verzera, la Rosa, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Mega 5MS	HP-5	BP-1	OV-1	OV-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	20.	20.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.3	0.3
T_start (C)	40.	50.	60.	45.	45.
T_end (C)	240.	280.	230.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	2.	10.	10.
Initial hold (min)	2.	5.		5.	5.
Final hold (min)			35.	10.	10.
I	1402.	1406.	1389.	1389.	1396.
Reference	Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2000	Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 1999	Lota, Serra, et al., 1999	Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999	Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	OV-101	OV-101	OV-101	OV-101
Column length (m)	30.	50.	50.	50.	50.
Carrier gas		He	N2	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.31	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	1.	0.5			0.50
T_start (C)	-50.	50.	80.	80.	50.
T_end (C)	180.	250.	200.	200.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	6.	4.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1390.	1375.	1387.	1388.	1367.
Reference	Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996	Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1992	Yang, Sugisawa, et al., 1992	Yang, Sugisawa, et al., 1992	Misharina, Aerove, et al., 1991
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Packed	Packed	Packed
Active phase	OV-1	Apiezon M	Apiezon M	SE-30
Column length (m)	60.	1.5	1.5
Carrier gas	He	N2	N2
Substrate		Celite 545	Celite 545	Celite
Column diameter (mm)	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	50.	75.	75.	75.
T_end (C)	225.	200.	200.	228.
Heat rate (K/min)	1.5	6.	6.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	50.
I	1388.	1375.	1382.	1397.
Reference	Chen and Ho, 1987	Golovnya and Uraletz, 1971	Golovnya and Uraletz, 1971	van den Dool and Kratz, 1963
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Zaikin, 2010
Zaikin, V.G., Personal communication: Retention indices measured during 2010, 2010. [all data]

Belsito E.L., Carbone C., et al., 2007
Belsito E.L.; Carbone C.; Di Gioia M.L.; Leggio A.; Liguoiri A.; Perri F.; Siciliano C.; Viscomi M.C., Comparison of the volatile constituents in cold-pressed bergamot oil and a volatile oil isolated by vacuum distillation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 19, 7847-7851, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070997q . [all data]

Benkaci-Ali, Baaliouamer, et al., 2007
Benkaci-Ali, F.; Baaliouamer, A.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F., Chemical composition of seed essential oils from Algerian Nigella sativa extracted by microwave and hydrodistillation, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 148-153, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1773 . [all data]

Duquesnoy, Castola, et al., 2007
Duquesnoy, E.; Castola, V.; Casanova, J., Composition and chemical variability of the twig oil of Abies alba Miller from Corsica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1796 . [all data]

Flamini, Tebano, et al., 2007
Flamini, G.; Tebano, M.; Cioni, P.L., Volatiles emission patterns of different plant organs and pollen of Citrus limon, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2007, 589, 1, 120-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.053 . [all data]

Paolini, Muselli, et al., 2007
Paolini, J.; Muselli, A.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Bighelli, A.; Casanova, J.; Costa, J., Thymol derivatives from essential oil of Doronicum corsicum L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 479-487, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1824 . [all data]

Saroglou, Marin, et al., 2007
Saroglou, V.; Marin, P.D.; Rancic, A.; Veljic, M.; Skaltsa, H., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of six Hypericum species from Serbia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 3, 146-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.009 . [all data]

Bylaite and Meyer, 2006
Bylaite, E.; Meyer, A.S., · Characterisation of volatile aroma compounds of orange juices by three dynamic and static headspace gas chromatography techniques, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 222, 1-2, 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0141-8 . [all data]

Kallio, Jussila, et al., 2006
Kallio, M.; Jussila, M.; Rissanen, T.; Anttila, P.; Hartonen, K.; Reissell, A.; Vreuls, R.; Adahchour, M.; Hyotylainen, T., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the identification of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols from coniferous forest, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1125, 2, 234-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.050 . [all data]

Kukic J., Petrovic S., et al., 2006
Kukic J.; Petrovic S.; Pavlovic M.; Couladis M.; Tzakou O.; Niketic M., Composition of essential oil of Stachys alpina L. ssp dinarica Murb., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 539-542, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1684 . [all data]

Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D., Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087 . [all data]

Vundac, Pfeifhofer, et al., 2006
Vundac, V.B.; Pfeifhofer, H.W.; Brantner, A.H.; Males, Z.; Plazibat, M., Essential oils of seven Stachys taxa from Croatia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2006, 34, 12, 875-881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.04.010 . [all data]

Ziegenbein, Hanssen, et al., 2006
Ziegenbein, F.C.; Hanssen, H.-P.; König, W.A., Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three wood-rotting fungi, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 813-816, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1732 . [all data]

Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005
Carunchia Whetstine, M.E.; Croissant, A.E.; Drake, M.A., Characterization of Dried Whey Protein Concentrate and Isolate Flavor, J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88, 11, 3826-3839, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73068-X . [all data]

Celik, Gokturk, et al., 2005
Celik, S.; Gokturk, R.S.; Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I., Essential oils of Phlomis leucophracta, Phlomis chimerae and Phlomis grandiflora var. grandiflora from Turkey, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 6, 617-623, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.11.010 . [all data]

Choi, 2005
Choi, H.-S., Characteristic odor components of kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) peel oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 5, 1642-1647, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040324x . [all data]

Dickschat J.S., Wagner-Dobler I., et al., 2005
Dickschat J.S.; Wagner-Dobler I.; Schulz S., The chafer pheromone buibuilactone and ant pyrazines are also produced by marine bacteria, J. Chem. Ecol., 2005, 31, 4, 925-947, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-3553-9 . [all data]

Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2005
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Favoino, O.; Cicero, L.; Rodriguez Zenteno, N.A.; Dugo, G., Characterization of cold-pressed Mexican dancy tangerine oils, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 60-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1367 . [all data]

Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005
Estevez, M.; Ventanas, S.; Ramirez, R.; Cava, R., Influence of the Addition of Rosemary Essential Oil on the Volatiles Pattern of Porcine Frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 21, 8317-8324, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051025q . [all data]

bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 2005
bin Jantan, I.; Yalvema, M.F.; Ayop, N.; Ahmad, A.S., Constituents of the essential oils of Cinnamomum sintoc Blume from a mountain forest of Peninsular Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 601-604, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1495 . [all data]

Mahattanatawee, Rouseff, et al., 2005
Mahattanatawee, K.; Rouseff, R.; Filomena Valim, M.; Naim, M., Identification and aroma impact of norisoprenoids in orange juice, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 2, 393-397, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049012k . [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2005
Verzera, A.; Trozzi, A.; Zappala, M.; Condurso, C.; Cotroneo, A., Essential Oil Composition of Citrus meyerii Y. Tan. and Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante and Their Lemon Hybrids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 12, 4890-4894, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047879c . [all data]

Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2004
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Zappia, G.; Bonaccorsi, I.; Cotroneo, A.; Russo, M.T., The composition of the volatile fraction and the enantiomeric distribution of five volatile components of faustrime oil (Monocitrus australatica x Fortunella sp. x Citrus aurantifolia), J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 328-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698734 . [all data]

Grujic-Jovanovic, Skaltsa, et al., 2004
Grujic-Jovanovic, S.; Skaltsa, H.D.; Marin, P.; Sokovic, M., Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of six Stachys species from Serbia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 2, 139-144, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1275 . [all data]

Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2004
Javidnia, K.; Miri, R.; Kamalinejad, M.; Sarkarzadeh, H.; Jamalian, A., Chemical composition of the essential oils of Anthemis altissima L. grown in Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 213-216, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1277 . [all data]

Singer, Flach, et al., 2004
Singer, R.B.; Flach, A.; Koehler, S.; Marsaioli, A.J.; Amaral, M.C.E., Sexual Mimicry in Mormolyca ringens (Lindl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae), Ann. Bot. Rome, 2004, 93, 6, 755-762, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch091 . [all data]

Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Jell, J.A.; Cass, D.M., Jr., Characterization of the major odorants found in the peel oil of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Clementine using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 275-281, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1188 . [all data]

Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Wilson, M.A.; Gaskey, G.M., Characterization of aroma volatiles in key lime essential oils (Cirtrus aurantifolia Swingle), Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1172 . [all data]

Choi, 2003
Choi, H.-S., Character impact odorants of Citrus Hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov × C. sinensis Osbeck) × C. reticulata Blanco] cold-pressed peel oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 9, 2687-2692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021069o . [all data]

Dural, Bagci, et al., 2003
Dural, H.; Bagci, Y.; Ertugrul, K.; Demirelma, H.; Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I., Essential oil composition of two endemic Centaurea species from Turkey, Centaurea mucronifera and Centaurea chrysantha, collected in the same habitat, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2003, 31, 12, 1417-1425, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00128-5 . [all data]

Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003
Flamini, G.; Luigi Cioni, P.; Morelli, I., Short communication. Use of solid-phase micro-extraction as a sampling technique in the determination of volatiles emitted by flowers, isolated flower parts and pollen, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 998, 1-2, 229-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00641-1 . [all data]

Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003
Högnadóttir, Á.; Rouseff, R.L., Identification of aroma active compounds in organce essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 998, 1-2, 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00524-7 . [all data]

Skaltsa, Demetzos, et al., 2003
Skaltsa, H.D.; Demetzos, C.; Lazari, D.; Sokovic, M., Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of eight Stachys species from Greece, Phytochemistry, 2003, 64, 3, 743-752, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00386-8 . [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2003
Verzera, A.; Trozzi, A.; Gazea, F.; Cicciarelloi, G.; Cotroneo, A., Effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 1, 206-210, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0206872 . [all data]

Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002
Bredie, W.L.P.; Mottram, D.S.; Guy, R.C.E., Effect of temperature and pH on the generation of flavor volatiles in extrusion cooking of wheat flour, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1118-1125, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0111662 . [all data]

Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002
Choi, H.-S.; Kim. M.-S.L.; Sawamura, M., Constituents of the essential oil of cnidium officinale Makino, a Korean medicinal plant, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 49-53, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1038 . [all data]

Heinrich, Pfeifhofer, et al., 2002
Heinrich, G.; Pfeifhofer, H.W.; Stabentheiner, E.; Sawidis, T., Glandular hairs of Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth (Asteraceae): morphology, histochemistry and composition of essential oil, Ann. Bot. Rome, 2002, 89, 4, 459-469, retrieved from http://www.aob.oupjournals.org, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf062 . [all data]

Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2002
Lota, M.-L.; de Rocca Serra, D.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Casanova, J., Volatile components of peel and leaf oils of lemon and lime species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 4, 796-805, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010924l . [all data]

Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 2002
Oruna-Concha, M.J.; Ames, J.M.; Bakker, J., Comparison of the volatile components of eight cultivars of potato after microwave baking, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2002, 35, 1, 80-86, https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.2001.0819 . [all data]

Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2001
Chisholm, M.G.; Wilson, M.A.; Gaskey, G.M.; Jell, J.A.; Cass, D.M., Jr., Chapter 9. The identification of aroma compounds in key lime oil using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-olfactometry, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 100-112. [all data]

Lin and Rouseff, 2001
Lin, J.; Rouseff, R.L., Characterization of aroma-impact compounds in cold-pressed grapefruit oil using time-intensity GC-olfactometry and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 6, 457-463, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1041 . [all data]

Nogueira, Bittrich, et al., 2001
Nogueira, P.C.L.; Bittrich, V.; Shepherd, G.J.; Lopes, A.V.; Marsaioli, A.J., The ecological and taxonomic importance of flower volatiles of Clusia species (Guttiferae), Phytochemistry, 2001, 56, 5, 443-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00213-2 . [all data]

Shalit, Katzir, et al., 2001
Shalit, M.; Katzir, N.; Tadmor, Y.; Larkov, O.; Burger, Y.; Shalekhet, F.; Lastochkin, E.; Ravid, U.; Amar, O.; Edelstein, M.; Karchi, Z.; Lewinsohn, E., Acetyl-CoA: alcohol acetyltransferase activity and aroma formation in ripening melon fruits, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 2, 794-799, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001075p . [all data]

Skaltsa, Mavrommati, et al., 2001
Skaltsa, H.D.; Mavrommati, A.; Constantinidis, T., A chemotaxonomic investigation of volatile constituents in Stachys subsect. Swainsonianeae (Labiatae), Phytochemistry, 2001, 57, 2, 235-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00003-6 . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Hierro, E., Two-fibre solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds in cooked pork, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 905, 1-2, 233-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00990-0 . [all data]

Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000
Lazari, D.M.; Skaltsa, H.D.; Constantinidis, T., Volatile constituents of Cerastium candidissimum, a Greek endemic species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 3, 174-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<174::AID-FFJ886>3.0.CO;2-Y . [all data]

Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000, 2
Lazari, D.M.; Skaltsa, H.D.; Constantinidis, T., Volatile constituents of Centaurea pelia DC., C. thessala Hausskn. subsp. drakiensis (Freyn Sint.) Georg. and C. zuccariniana DC. from Greece, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 1, 7-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200001/02)15:1<7::AID-FFJ860>3.0.CO;2-3 . [all data]

Marques, McElfresh, et al., 2000
Marques, F.A.; McElfresh, J.S.; Millar, J.G., Kováts retention indexes of monounsaturated C₁₂, C₁₄, and C₁₆ alcohols, acetates and aldehydes commonly found in lepidopteran pheromone blends, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2000, 11, 6, 592-599, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532000000600007 . [all data]

Song, Sawamura, et al., 2000
Song, H.S.; Sawamura, M.; Ito, T.; Kawashimo, K.; Ukeda, H., Quantitative determination of characteric flavour of Citrus junos (yuzu) peel oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 4, 245-250, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<245::AID-FFJ904>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Verzera, la Rosa, et al., 2000
Verzera, A.; la Rosa, G.; Zappalà, M.; Cotroneo, A., Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily, Ital. J. Food Sci., 2000, 12, 4, 493-501. [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2000
Verzera, A.; Trozzi, A.; Cotroneo, A.; Lorenzo, D.; Dellacassa, E., Uruguayan essential oil. 12. Composition of Nova and Satsuma mandarin oils, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 7, 2903-2909, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990734z . [all data]

Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 1999
Lazari, D.M.; Skaltsa, H.D.; Constantinidis, T., Essential oils of Marrubium velutinum Sm. and Marrubium peregrinum L., growing wild in Greece, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 290-292, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<290::AID-FFJ828>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Lota, Serra, et al., 1999
Lota, M.-L.; Serra, D.R.; Tomi, F.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Casanova, J., Chemical composition of peel and leaf essential oils of Citrus medica L. and C. limonimedica Lush., Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 3, 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199905/06)14:3<161::AID-FFJ801>3.0.CO;2-8 . [all data]

Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999
Valero, E.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., Volatile components in microwave- and conventionally-heated milk, Food Chem., 1999, 66, 3, 333-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00069-2 . [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1992
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Artamonova, M.P.; Zhuravskaya, N.K., Identification of volatile components of a model system with meat aroma, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1992, 47, 850-857. [all data]

Yang, Sugisawa, et al., 1992
Yang, R.; Sugisawa, H.; Nakatani, H.; Tamura, H.; Takagi, N., Comparison of odor quality in peel oils of acid citrus, Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi, 1992, 39, 1, 16-24, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.39.16 . [all data]

Misharina, Aerove, et al., 1991
Misharina, T.A.; Aerove, A.F.; Golovnya, R.E.; Kalugina, V.I.; Rogovskaya, L.V.; Vysotskaya, L.E.; Shevtsov, V.K., Identification of volatile components of an aromatizer with a chicken odor by chromatography-mass spectrometry and chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1991, 8, 1187-1193. [all data]

Chen and Ho, 1987
Chen, C.-C.; Ho, C.-T., Gas chromatographic analysis of thermal degradation products of gingerol compounds in steam-distilled oil from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), J. Chromatogr., 1987, 387, 499-504, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94559-5 . [all data]

Golovnya and Uraletz, 1971
Golovnya, V.; Uraletz, V.P., Gas chromatographic analysis of flavour components with correlation isothermal retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 61, 65-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)92384-7 . [all data]

van den Dool and Kratz, 1963
van den Dool, H.; Kratz, P. Dec., A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1963, 11, 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.