Butanoic acid
- Formula: C4H8O2
- Molecular weight: 88.1051
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 107-92-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Butyric acid; n-Butanoic acid; n-Butyric acid; Ethylacetic acid; Propylformic acid; 1-Butyric acid; 1-Propanecarboxylic acid; n-C3H7COOH; Propanecarboxylic acid; Butanic acid; Buttersaeure; Kyselina maselna; UN 2820; 1-Butanoic acid; NSC 8415
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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | Innowax | DB-FFAP | FFAP | FFAP |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | H2 | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 50. | 45. | 35. | 35. | 35. |
Tend (C) | 180. | 210. | 225. | 225. | 225. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4. | 10. | 10. |
Initial hold (min) | 2. | 5. | 5. | 5. | 5. |
Final hold (min) | 25. | 20. | 30. | 25. | 25. |
I | 1637. | 1644. | 1624. | 1653. | 1625. |
Reference | Botelho, Caldeira, et al., 2007 | Botelho, Caldeira, et al., 2007 | Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007 | Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007 | Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | HP-20M | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | FFAP | FFAP |
Column length (m) | 50. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | Helium | He | He | He | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.20 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | |
Tstart (C) | 70. | 40. | 40. | 40. | 40. |
Tend (C) | 180. | 250. | 250. | 240. | 240. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 4. | 4. | 8. | 6. |
Initial hold (min) | 4. | 5. | 5. | 2. | 2. |
Final hold (min) | 15. | 15. | 15. | 5. | 10. |
I | 1576. | 1637. | 1637. | 1620. | 1620. |
Reference | Politeo, Jukic, et al., 2007 | Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007 | Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007 | Schlutt B., Moran N., et al., 2007 | Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | Innowax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-FFAP |
Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | H2 | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 40. | 50. | 40. | 30. |
Tend (C) | 265. | 230. | 220. | 200. | 230. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 7. | 4. | 4. | 5. | 3. |
Initial hold (min) | 4. | 4. | 3. | 2. | |
Final hold (min) | 5. | 20. | 20. | 8. | 4. |
I | 1644. | 1614. | 1607. | 1647. | 1613. |
Reference | Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006 | Lee, Lee, et al., 2006 | Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 2006 | Petka, Ferreira, et al., 2006 | Schwambach and Peterson, 2006 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | OV-351 | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | Supelcowax-10 |
Column length (m) | 30. | 50. | 30. | 30. | 60. |
Carrier gas | He | He | |||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 60. | 40. | 40. | 35. |
Tend (C) | 200. | 220. | 200. | 200. | 195. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 10. | 5. | 10. | 10. | 6. |
Initial hold (min) | 3. | 3. | 3. | 5. | |
Final hold (min) | 20. | 20. | 20. | 60. | |
I | 1663. | 1625. | 1661. | 1650. | 1576. |
Reference | Whetstine M.E.C., Drake M.A., et al., 2006 | Bonvehí, 2005 | Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005 | Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005 | Chung, Fung, et al., 2005 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-FFAP | Stabilwax | DB-Wax | Supelcowax-10 | Carbowax 20M |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 60. | 30. | 60. |
Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 1. | 1. | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 40. | 45. | 60. | 45. |
Tend (C) | 230. | 230. | 250. | 240. | 250. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 5. | 4. | 5. | 3. | 2. |
Initial hold (min) | 2. | 2. | 1. | 5. | 0.17 |
Final hold (min) | 6. | 10. | 12. | 10. | |
I | 1628. | 1652. | 1647. | 1620. | 1599. |
Reference | Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005 | Fang and Qian, 2005 | Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005 | Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005 | Verzera, Campisi, et al., 2005 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | ZB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | H2 | He | |||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 40. | 40. | 40. | 40. |
Tend (C) | 200. | 250. | 250. | 200. | 200. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 10. | 5. | 5. | 10. | 10. |
Initial hold (min) | 3. | 2. | 2. | 5. | 5. |
Final hold (min) | 20. | 5. | 5. | 15. | 15. |
I | 1610. | 1652. | 1647. | 1624. | 1624. |
Reference | Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005 | Wu, Zorn, et al., 2005 | Wu, Zorn, et al., 2005 | Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004 | Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | CP-Wax 52CB | DB-Wax | ZB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 0. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | Helium | He | He | He | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.50 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.15 | 0.5 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 80. | 40. | 35. | 40. |
Tend (C) | 240. | 240. | 240. | 220. | 230. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 7. | 10. | 7. | 1.8 | 5. |
Initial hold (min) | 4. | 10. | 2. | ||
Final hold (min) | 5. | 5. | 10. | 10. | |
I | 1633. | 1617. | 1616. | 1637. | 1645. |
Reference | Bell, 2004 | Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004 | Gocmen, Gurbuz, et al., 2004 | Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004 | Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax Etr | DB-Wax | OV-351 | DB-Wax | DB-FFAP |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 50. | 60. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 40. | 60. | 40. | 35. |
Tend (C) | 245. | 240. | 220. | 210. | 200. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 6. | 5. | 2. | 10. |
Initial hold (min) | 3. | 10. | 5. | ||
Final hold (min) | 20. | 25. | 40. | 30. | |
I | 1607. | 1613. | 1625. | 1604. | 1616. |
Reference | Ménager, Jost, et al., 2004 | Varming, Petersen, et al., 2004 | Bonvehi and Coll, 2003 | Chyau, Ko, et al., 2003 | Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-FFAP | DB-FFAP | DB-FFAP |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 15. |
Carrier gas | |||||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 35. | 40. | 35. | 35. | 30. |
Tend (C) | 240. | 240. | 200. | 200. | 225. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 6. | 7. | 10. | 10. | 10. |
Initial hold (min) | 2. | 5. | 5. | 2. | |
Final hold (min) | 6. | 5. | 30. | 30. | 20. |
I | 1627. | 1628. | 1624. | 1604. | 1613. |
Reference | Peterson and Reineccius, 2003 | Valim, Rouseff, et al., 2003 | Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002 | Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002 | Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 2002 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | CP-Wax 52CB | DB-FFAP | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | H2 | H2 | H2 | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 1. | 1. |
Tstart (C) | 35. | 45. | 40. | 40. | 40. |
Tend (C) | 200. | 250. | 240. | 210. | 210. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 10. | 2. | 5. | 3. | 3. |
Initial hold (min) | 5. | 0.17 | 2. | ||
Final hold (min) | 30. | ||||
I | 1606. | 1599. | 1637. | 1623. | 1624. |
Reference | Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001 | Verzera, Campisi, et al., 2001 | Charles, Martin, et al., 2000 | Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000 | Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | FFAP | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 15. | 60. | 60. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | H2 | H2 | ||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1. | 1. |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 50. | 40. | 40. | 40. |
Tend (C) | 220. | 230. | 200. | 210. | 210. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 5. | 5. | 3. | 3. | 3. |
Initial hold (min) | 3. | 3. | 5. | ||
Final hold (min) | 30. | 15. | 60. | ||
I | 1666. | 1646. | 1624. | 1623. | 1624. |
Reference | Peng, 2000 | Stephan and Steinhart, 1999 | Cha, Kim, et al., 1998 | Moio and Addeo, 1998 | Moio and Addeo, 1998 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 60. | 60. | 60. |
Carrier gas | H2 | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 20. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Tend (C) | 210. | 200. | 230. | 230. | 230. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 4. | 3. | 3. | 2. |
Initial hold (min) | 5. | ||||
Final hold (min) | 10. | ||||
I | 1624. | 1623. | 1631. | 1631. | 1635. |
Reference | Moio and Addeo, 1998 | Ott, Fay, et al., 1997 | Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 1996 | Shimoda, Wu, et al., 1996 | Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 60. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | ||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 50. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Tend (C) | 200. | 230. | 230. | 220. | 240. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 2. | 2. | 4. | 4. |
Initial hold (min) | 5. | 4. | 4. | 3. | 3. |
Final hold (min) | 30. | 30. | 20. | ||
I | 1625. | 1630. | 1630. | 1598. | 1598. |
Reference | Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994 | Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993 | Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993 | Humpf and Schreier, 1991 | Krammer, Winterhalter, et al., 1991 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Packed | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | CP-Wax 58CB | Carbowax 20M | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax |
Column length (m) | 30. | 3.05 | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | |
Substrate | Supelcoport | ||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.259 | 0.259 | 0.259 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 40. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Tend (C) | 220. | 200. | 240. | 240. | 240. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 8. | 4. | 4. | 4. |
Initial hold (min) | 4. | 3. | 3. | 3. | |
Final hold (min) | |||||
I | 1606. | 1600. | 1596. | 1599. | 1598. |
Reference | Pabst, Barron, et al., 1991 | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991 | Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991 | Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | Carbowax 20M | Carbowax 20M |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 50. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.259 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Tstart (C) | 50. | 50. | 50. | 40. | 50. |
Tend (C) | 240. | 250. | 250. | 240. | 200. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 4. | 4. | 4. | 2. |
Initial hold (min) | 3. | 3. | 3. | 3. | 5. |
Final hold (min) | 40. | ||||
I | 1600. | 1598. | 1602. | 1591. | 1627. |
Reference | Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991 | Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989 | Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989 | Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989 | Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Botelho, Caldeira, et al., 2007
Botelho, G.; Caldeira, I.; Mendes-Faia, A.; Clímaco, M.C.,
Evaluation of two quantitative gas chromatography-olfactometry methods for clonal red wines differentiation,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 414-420, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1815
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Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007
Jarunrattanasri, A.; Theerakulkait, C.; Cadwallader, K.R.,
Aroma Components of Acid-Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein Made by Partial Hydrolysis of Rice Bran Protein,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3044-3050, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631474
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Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Drake M.; Benitez D.; Cadwallader K.R.,
Instrumental and sensory characterization of heat-induced odorants in aseptically packaged soy milk,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3018-3026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631225
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Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Miracle E.R.; Krause A.J.; Drake M.; Cadwallader K.R.,
Effect of cold storage and packaging material on the major aroma components of sweet cream butter,
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Politeo, Jukic, et al., 2007
Politeo, O.; Jukic, M.; Milos, M.,
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Free Volatile Aglycones from Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Compared to Its Essential Oil,
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Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007
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Influence of eggs on the aroma composition of a sponge cake and on the aroma release in model studies on flavored sponge cakes,
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Schlutt B., Moran N., et al., 2007
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Sensory-directed identification of creaminess-enhancing volatiles and semivolatiles in full-fat cream,
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Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007
Steinhaus, P.; Schieberle, P.,
Characterization of the key aroma compounds in soy sauce using approaches of molecular sensory science,
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Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006
Gurbuz O.; Rouseff J.M.; Rouseff R.L.,
Comparison of aroma volatiles in commercial Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines using gas chromatography - Olfactometry and gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry,
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Lee, Lee, et al., 2006
Lee, S.-J.; Lee, J.-E.; Kim, H.-W.; Kim, S.-S.; Koh, K.-H.,
Development of Korean red wines using Vitis labrusca varieties: instrumental and sensory characterization,
Food Chem., 2006, 94, 3, 385-393, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.11.035
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Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 2006
Osorio, C.; Alarcon, M.; Moreno, C.; Bonilla, A.; Barrios, J.; Garzon, C.; Duque, C.,
Characterization of Odor-Active Volatiles in Champa ( Campomanesia lineatifolia R. P.),
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Petka, Ferreira, et al., 2006
Petka, J.; Ferreira, V.; González-Viñas, M.A.; Cacho, J.,
Sensory and Chemical Characterization of the Aroma of a White Wine Made with Devín Grapes,
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Schwambach and Peterson, 2006
Schwambach, S.L.; Peterson, D.G.,
Reduction of Stale Flavor Development in Low-Heat Skim Milk Powder via Epicatechin Addition,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 2, 502-508, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0519764
. [all data]
Whetstine M.E.C., Drake M.A., et al., 2006
Whetstine M.E.C.; Drake M.A.; Nelson B.K.; Barbano D.M.,
Flavor profiles of full-fat and reduced-fat cheese and cheese fat made from aged cheddar with the fat removed using a novel process,
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Bonvehí, 2005
Bonvehí, J.S.,
Investigation of aromatic compounds in roasted cocoa powder,
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Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005
Carunchia Whetstine, M.E.; Croissant, A.E.; Drake, M.A.,
Characterization of Dried Whey Protein Concentrate and Isolate Flavor,
J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88, 11, 3826-3839, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73068-X
. [all data]
Chung, Fung, et al., 2005
Chung, H.Y.; Fung, P.K.; Kim, J.-S.,
Aroma impact components in commercial plain sufu,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp, References
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