Heptanoic acid, methyl ester

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Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54110.1023.9Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54130.1023.3Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54150.1022.9Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-30100.1005.Haken and Korhonen, 1984N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
PackedOctacosane100.1012.Müller, Dietrich, et al., 1978N2, Chromosorb P AW DMCS; Column length: 2.4 m
PackedE-301170.1002.Shashkova, Znamenskaia, et al., 1969He, Celite 545 (0.20-0.50 mm); Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-11006.Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-11011.Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryOV-1011007.Morales and Duque, 1987He, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.1241.Haken and Korhonen, 1984N2; Column length: 22. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
PackedPolyethylene Glycol170.1327.Shashkova, Znamenskaia, et al., 1969He, Celite 545 (0.20-0.50 mm); Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1281.Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 190. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB1026.Elmore, Campo, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOV-1011008.6Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 199750. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 8. K/min; Tstart: 140. C
CapillarySE-301008.1Grigor'eva, Golovnya, et al., 199725. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 8. K/min; Tstart: 140. C
PackedSE-301008.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryVF-5MS1027.7Tret'yakov, 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: Multi-step temperature program; T(initial)=60C; T(final)=270C
CapillaryVF-5MS1028.4Tret'yakov, 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: Multi-step temperature program; T(initial)=60C; T(final)=270C
CapillaryDB-51021.Beaulieu and Grimm, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C (1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min)
CapillaryDB-11005.Eri, Khoo, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -20C (5min) => 10C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 280C
CapillaryDB-11004.Eri, Khoo, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -20C (5min) => 10C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 280C
CapillaryDB-11007.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min)
PackedSE-301007.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1291.Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryLM-1201301.Pinto, Guedes, et al., 200650. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1292.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-Wax1299.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1291.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
PackedCarbowax 20M1282.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101288.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1296.Romeo, Ziino, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1284.Kaack, Christensen, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 33C(1.5min) => 1.5C/min => 60C(4min) => 2C/min => 100C => 8C/min => 220C(15min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTx-11006.Dib, Bendahou, et al., 201060. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP-5MS1026.Hadaruga, Hadaruga, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-51013.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-51013.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-11005.Guy and Vernin, 1996He, 70. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-11009.Takeoka and Butter, 1989He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-11010.Takeoka and Butter, 1989He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-11006.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-1011006.Stern, Flath, et al., 198540. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-1011006.Stern, Flath, et al., 198550. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS1025.Nance and Setzer, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C
CapillaryRTx-11005.Dib, Bendahou, et al., 201060. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-51025.Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
CapillaryDB-51021.Beaulieu and Lancaster, 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min)
CapillarySE-301006.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-11006.Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, N2; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB1014.Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1998He; Column length: 25. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-11005.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-11006.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryOV-1011006.Morales and Duque, 1987He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1008.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryZB-Wax1273.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryZB-Wax1279.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryTC-Wax1273.Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1279.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1279.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryInnowax FSC1296.Baser, Özek, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1276.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1273.Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 200150. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, N2; Program: 60C => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 220C
CapillaryDB-Wax1302.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5164.6Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 199330. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 285. C @ 29.5 min

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989
Grigor'eva, D.N.; Vasil'ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1989, 44, 1, 68-73. [all data]

Haken and Korhonen, 1984
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXV. Capillary column studies of monochlorinated C5-C18 n-carboxylic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 298, 89-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92697-4 . [all data]

Müller, Dietrich, et al., 1978
Müller, U.; Dietrich, P.; Prescher, D., Gas-chromatographische untersuchungen an perfluor-carbonverbindungen. I. Gas-chromatographische eigenschaften langkettiger perfluorcarbonsäureester, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 147, 31-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85114-6 . [all data]

Shashkova, Znamenskaia, et al., 1969
Shashkova, A.A.; Znamenskaia, A.P.; Pas'ko, L.Ya., Investigation of esters of odd series halohenated acids with Kovats indices, Gazovaya Khromatografiya, 1969, 9, 40-47. [all data]

Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992
Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 10, 1925-1929, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a040 . [all data]

Morales and Duque, 1987
Morales, A.L.; Duque, C., Aroma constituents of the fruit of the moutain papaya (Carica pubescens) from Colombia, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 4, 538-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a024 . [all data]

Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H., Studies of the volatile composition of hops during storage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1426-1430, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a036 . [all data]

Elmore, Campo, et al., 2002
Elmore, J.S.; Campo, M.M.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S., Effect of lipid composition on meat-like model systems containing cysteine, ribose, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1126-1132, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0108718 . [all data]

Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 1997
Golovnya, R.V.; Syomina, L.A.; Samusenko, A.L., Nonlinear variation of sorption parameters of n-alkane homologs in temperature-programmed gas chromatography (TPGC) and new equation for calculation of retention indices, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1997, 20, 11, 611-614, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240201108 . [all data]

Grigor'eva, Golovnya, et al., 1997
Grigor'eva, D.N.; Golovnya, R.V.; Syomina, L.A., An equation for the calculation of retention indices in temperature-programmed gas chromatography with allowance for the nonlinear variation of the retention parameters of n-alkanes, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1997, 46, 2, 309-313, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494369 . [all data]

van den Dool and Kratz, 1963
van den Dool, H.; Kratz, P. Dec., A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1963, 11, 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X . [all data]

Tret'yakov, 2007
Tret'yakov, K.V., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2007. [all data]

Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001
Beaulieu, J.C.; Grimm, C.C., Identification of volatile compounds in cantaloupe at various developmental stages using solid phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1345-1352, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0005768 . [all data]

Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000
Eri, S.; Khoo, B.K.; Lech, J.; Hartman, T.G., Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1140-1149, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9911850 . [all data]

Peng, 2000
Peng, C.T., Prediction of retention indices. V. Influence of electronic effects and column polarity on retention index, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 903, 1-2, 117-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00901-8 . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 2006
Kourkoutas, D.; Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S., Comparison of the volatile compositions and flavour properties of cantaloupe, Galia and honeydew muskmelons, Food Chem., 2006, 97, 1, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.026 . [all data]

Pinto, Guedes, et al., 2006
Pinto, A.B.; Guedes, C.M.; Moreira, R.F.A.; de Maria, C.A.B., Volatile constituents from headspace and aqueous solution of genipap (Genipa americana) fruit isolated by the solid-phase extraction method, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1623 . [all data]

Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994
Sumitani, H.; Suekane, S.; Nakatani, A.; Tatsuka, K., Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 3, 785-790, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00039a037 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Romeo, Ziino, et al., 2007
Romeo, V.; Ziino, M.; Giuffrrida, D.; Condurso, C.; Verzera, A., Flavour profile of capers (Capparis spinosa L.) from the Eolian Archipelago by HS-SPME/GC?MS, Food Chem., 2007, 101, 3, 1272-1278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.029 . [all data]

Kaack, Christensen, et al., 2005
Kaack, K.; Christensen, L.P.; Hughes, M.; Eder, R., The relationship between sensory quality and volatile compounds in raw juice processed from elderberries ( Sambucus nigra L.), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2005, 221, 3-4, 244-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-1141-4 . [all data]

Dib, Bendahou, et al., 2010
Dib, M.A.; Bendahou, M.; Bendiabdellah, A.; Djabou, N.; Allali, H.; Tabti, B.; Paolini, J.; Costa, J., Partial chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Daucus crinitus Desf. extracts, Grasas y Aceites, 2010, 61, 3, 271-278, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.122609 . [all data]

Hadaruga, Hadaruga, et al., 2006
Hadaruga, N.G.; Hadaruga, D.I.; Paunescu, V.; Tatu, C.; Ordodi, V.L.; Bandur, G.; Lupea, A.X., Thermal stability of the linoleic acid/α- and β-cyclodextrin complexes, Food Chem., 2006, 99, 3, 500-508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.012 . [all data]

Guy and Vernin, 1996
Guy, I.; Vernin, G., Minor compounds from Cistus ladaniferus L. essential oil from esterel. 2. Acids and phenols, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1996, 8, 4, 455-462, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9700666 . [all data]

Takeoka and Butter, 1989
Takeoka, G.; Butter, R.G., Volatile constituents of pineapple (Ananas Comosus [L.] Merr.) in Flavor Chemistry. Trends and Developments, Teranishi,R.; Buttery,R.G.; Shahidi,F., ed(s)., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1989, 223-237. [all data]

Habu, Flath, et al., 1985
Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Morton, J.F., Volatile components of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a024 . [all data]

Stern, Flath, et al., 1985
Stern, D.J.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R.; Lundin, R.E.; Benson, M.E., Crude oleic acid volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 180-184, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a005 . [all data]

Nance and Setzer, 2011
Nance, M.R.; Setzer, W.N., Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing, J. of Brewing and Distilling, 2011, 2, 2, 16-22. [all data]

Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 2009
Rotsatschakul, P.; Visesanguan, W.; Smitinont, T.; Chaiseri, S., Changes in volatile compounds during fermentation of nham (Thai fermented sausage), Int. Food Res. J., 2009, 16, 391-414. [all data]

Beaulieu and Lancaster, 2007
Beaulieu, J.C.; Lancaster, V.A., Correlating Volatile Compounds, Sensory Attributes, and Quality Parameters in Stored Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 23, 9503-9513, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070282n . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 2001
Teai, T.; Claude-Lafontaine, A.; Schippa, C.; Cozzolino, F., Volatile compounds in fresh pulp of pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) from French Polynesia, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2001, 13, 5, 314-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2001.9712222 . [all data]

Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1998
Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Weirauch, M.; Thefeld, K.; Surburg, H., Constituents of commercial Labdanum oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 5, 295-318, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(1998090)13:5<295::AID-FFJ751>3.0.CO;2-I . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Güntert, M.; Jennings, W., Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 3, 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a037 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 2002
Suhardi, S.; Suzuki, M.; Yoshida, K.; Muto, T.; Fujita, A.; Watanbe, N., Changes in the volatile compounds and in the chemical and physical properties of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) Cv. Pondoh during maturation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 26, 7627-7633, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020620e . [all data]

Baser, Özek, et al., 2004
Baser, K.H.C.; Özek, T.; Kirimer, N.; Deliorman, D.; Ergun, F., Composition of the essential oils of Galium aparine L. and Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. from Turkey, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 305-307, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698728 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 1993
Donnelly, J.R.; Abdel-Hamid, M.S.; Jeter, J.L.; Gurka, D.F., Application of gas chromatographic retention properties to the identification of environmental contaminants, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 642, 1-2, 409-415, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80106-I . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References