2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-

Formula: C₁₀H₁₆O
Molecular weight: 152.2334
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7-8H,4,6H2,1-3H3/b10-7-
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 106-26-3
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
- 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-
- 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-
Other names: β-Citral; cis-Citral; cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; beta-Citral; Neral; Z-Citral; (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; Citral B; (2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (2Z)-; (Z)-Neral; Neroli aldehyde; (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienal; Z-Citral (neral)
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Other data available:
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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Innowax	BP-20	BP-20	Innowax	Carbowax
Column length (m)	30.		50.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Helium	Nitrogen	Helium	Helium	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25		0.22	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	200.	220.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	2.	6.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.			1.	8.
Final hold (min)	10.		20.	4.	15.
I	1694.	1676.	1691.	1690.	1670.
Reference	Menichini, Tundis, et al., 2011	Mishra, Chaudhary, et al., 2010	Ottavioli, Bighelli, et al., 2009	Seo, Kim, et al., 2009	Ferhat, Meklati, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Carbowax	PEG-20M	Supelcowax-10	CP-Wax 52CB	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	60.	60.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	90.	40.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	250.	225.	250.	220.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	2.	3.3	2.
Initial hold (min)	8.			7.	2.
Final hold (min)	15.	15.	33.	3.	20.
I	1647.	1685.	1688.	1678.	1679.
Reference	Ferhat, Tigrine-Kordjani, et al., 2007	Gil A., Van Baren C.M., et al., 2007	Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2007	Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2006	Lan Phi N.T., Nishiyama C., et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	NB-20M	DB-Wax	Carbowax-PEG
Column length (m)	60.	25.	30.	60.	60.
Carrier gas		He	He		Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.20
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	100.	50.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	250.	250.	230.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	8.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.			2.	8.
Final hold (min)	20.			20.	15.
I	1680.	1685.	1645.	1682.	1680.
Reference	Lan Phi N.T., Nishiyama C., et al., 2006	Lattoo, Dhar, et al., 2006	Orav, Raal, et al., 2006	Sawamura, Onishi, et al., 2006	Tigrine-Kordiani, Meklati, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Supelcowax-10	HP-20M	Stabilwax	Stabilwax	Innowax
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	He	Helium	H2		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.20	0.32	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.20	0.5	0.5	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	70.	40.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	280.	280.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	6.	6.	5.
Initial hold (min)	1.	4.	5.	5.
Final hold (min)	10.	10.	5.	5.	30.
I	1676.	1633.	1675.	1677.	1693.
Reference	Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006	Bezic, Skocibusic, et al., 2005	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 2	Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-20M	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Helium	N2	N2	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	70.	70.	50.	70.
T_end (C)	180.	230.	230.	220.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	2.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)	4.	2.	2.	3.	2.
Final hold (min)	10.	20.	20.	30.	20.
I	1641.	1686.	1686.	1675.	1698.
Reference	Kulisic, Radonic, et al., 2005	Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005	Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005, 2	Wong, Lee, et al., 2005	Choi, 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	BP-20	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	60.	60.	60.	25.	60.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25			0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	60.	60.	60.	35.
T_end (C)	230.	220.	220.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)	2.	4.	4.
Final hold (min)	20.
I	1696.	1676.	1676.	1688.	1691.
Reference	Choi, 2004, 2	Jiang and Kubota, 2004	Jiang and Kubota, 2004	Mallavarapu, Kulkarni, et al., 2004	Palá-Paúl, Brophy, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	NB-20M	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	HP-20M	HP-Innowax
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	He		Nitrogen	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.2
T_start (C)	50.	70.	70.	70.	50.
T_end (C)	250.	230.	230.	180.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)		2.	2.	4.	5.
Final hold (min)		20.		10.
I	1680.	1697.	1697.	1641.	1682.
Reference	Raal, Arak, et al., 2004	Sawamura, Son, et al., 2004	Sawamura, Sou, et al., 2004	Juteau, Jerkovic, et al., 2003	Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-Innowax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	60.	60.
Carrier gas		N2	N2	H2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	70.	70.	40.	70.
T_end (C)	220.	230.	230.	245.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	2.	1.5	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.	2.	2.		2.
Final hold (min)		20.	20.	20.	20.
I	1680.	1669.	1671.	1664.	1675.
Reference	Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003, 2	Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Carbowax 20M	BP-20	PEG-20M
Column length (m)	60.	60.	30.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.22	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	45.	50.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	230.	240.	215.	230.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)				35.
I	1688.	1688.	1680.	1674.	1677.
Reference	Tu, Thanh, et al., 2002	Christoph, 2001	Kasali, Oyedeji, et al., 2001	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2001	Orav and Kann, 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	CP-Wax 52CB	CP-Wax 52CB	DB-Wax	BP-20
Column length (m)	60.	50.	50.	60.	25.
Carrier gas		He	He	Nitrogen
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.30	0.30	0.25	0.33
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25		0.5
T_start (C)	30.	40.	40.	40.	80.
T_end (C)	170.	220.	220.	200.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	3.	2.	5.
Initial hold (min)	4.	5.	5.	10.
Final hold (min)	30.
I	1681.	1682.	1682.	1697.	1702.
Reference	Buttery, Light, et al., 2000	Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000	Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Dunlop, Bignell, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	FFAP	DB-Wax	BP-20	CP-Wax 52CB	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	25.	60.	25.	25.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	H2	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.33	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.5	0.2	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	40.	80.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	210.	200.	220.	240.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	5.	6.	3.
Initial hold (min)	10.	2.		2.
Final hold (min)				10.
I	1695.	1676.	1702.	1673.	1674.
Reference	Mockute and Bernotiene, 1999	Umano, Nakahara, et al., 1999	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1998	Chisowa, Hall, et al., 1998	Werkhoff, Güntert, et al., 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	BP-20	BP-20	BP-20	BP-20
Column length (m)	25.	25.	25.	25.	25.
Carrier gas	H2	H2	H2	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
T_start (C)	80.	80.	80.	80.	80.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	5.	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1702.	1702.	1702.	1702.	1702.
Reference	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 2	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 3	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 4	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 5
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	DB-Wax	Supelcowax-10	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	60.	50.
Carrier gas	H2	H2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.33	0.32	0.53	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.5	1.	0.25
T_start (C)	80.	40.	80.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	210.	150.	180.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	3.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)				10.	4.
Final hold (min)				20.
I	1702.	1692.	1630.	1705.	1649.
Reference	Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 6	Lebossé, Ducruet, et al., 1997	Nishimura, 1995	Tirado, Stashenko, et al., 1995	Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Packed	Packed
Active phase	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M
Column length (m)	50.	100.	100.	2.	2.
Carrier gas	He			Hydrogen	Hydrogen
Substrate				Gas-Chrom Z (80-100 mesh)	Gas-Chrom Z (80-100 mesh)
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	60.	70.	70.	65.	65.
T_end (C)	180.	170.	170.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	1.	1.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)	4.
Final hold (min)
I	1649.	1679.	1680.	1696.	1699.
Reference	Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991	Shibamoto and Jennings, 1977	Shibamoto and Jennings, 1977	Stancher and Pertoldi, 1967	Stancher and Pertoldi, 1967
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Menichini, Tundis, et al., 2011
Menichini, F.; Tundis, R.; Bonesi, M.; de Cindio, B.; Loizzo, M.R.; Conforti, F.; Statti, G.A.; Menabeni, R.; Bettini, R.; Menichini, F., Chemical composition and bioactivity of Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, cold-pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, Nat. Prod. Res., 2011, 25, 8, 789-799, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902900085 . [all data]

Mishra, Chaudhary, et al., 2010
Mishra, R.K.; Chaudhary, S.; Pandey, R.; Gupta, S.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Kumar, S., Analysis of linalool content in the inflorescence (flower) essential oil and leaf oil of Lippia alba cultivar Kavach, J. Essen. Oil Res., 2010, 22, 1, 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700253 . [all data]

Ottavioli, Bighelli, et al., 2009
Ottavioli, J.; Bighelli, A.; Casanova, J.; Bang, B.T.; Y., GC (retention indices), GC-MS, and 13C NMR of two citral-rich Cymbopogon leaf oils: C. Flexuosus and C. tortilis, Spectroscopy Lett., 2009, 42, 8, 506-512, https://doi.org/10.1080/00387010903022350 . [all data]

Seo, Kim, et al., 2009
Seo, S.-M.; Kim, J.; Lee, S.-G.; Shin, C.-H.; Shin, S.-C.; Park, I.-K., Fumigant antitermitic activity of plant essential oils and components from Aiowan (Trachyspermum ammi), Allspice (Pimenta dioica), Caraway (Carum carvi), Dill (Anethum graveolens), Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), and Litsea (Litsea cubeba( oils against Japanese termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 15, 6596-6602. [all data]

Ferhat, Meklati, et al., 2007
Ferhat, M.A.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F., Comparison of different isolation methods of essential oil from Citrus fruits: cold pressing, hydrodistillation and microwave dry distillation, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 494-504, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1829 . [all data]

Ferhat, Tigrine-Kordjani, et al., 2007
Ferhat, M.A.; Tigrine-Kordjani, N.; Chemat, S.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F., Rapid Extraction of Volatile Compounds Using a New Simultaneous Microwave Distillation: Solvent Extraction Device, Chromatographia, 2007, 65, 3-4, 217-222, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0130-5 . [all data]

Gil A., Van Baren C.M., et al., 2007
Gil A.; Van Baren C.M.; Lira P.M.D.L.; Bandoni A.L., Identification of the genotype from the content and composition of the essential oil of lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora Palau), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 21, 8664-8669, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0708387 . [all data]

Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2007
Sylvestre, M.; Pichette, A.; Longtin, A.; Martin, M.-A.C.; Bercion, S.R.; Legault, J., Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of Hedyosmum arborescens and evaluation of its anticancer activity, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1269-1272. [all data]

Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2006
Hymete, A.; Rohloff, J.; Iversen, T.-H., Essential oil from seeds and husks of Aframomum corrorima from Ethiopia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 642-644, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1634 . [all data]

Lan Phi N.T., Nishiyama C., et al., 2006
Lan Phi N.T.; Nishiyama C.; Choi H.-S.; Sawamura M., Evaluation of aroma characteristic compounds of Citrus natsudaidai Hayata (Natsudaidai) cold-pressed peel oil, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2006, 70, 8, 1832-1838, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.50705 . [all data]

Lattoo, Dhar, et al., 2006
Lattoo, S.K.; Dhar, R.S.; Dhar, A.K.; Sharma, P.R.; Agarwal, S.G., Dynamics of essential oil biosynthesis in relation to inflorescence and glandular ontogeny in Salvia sclarea, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 817-821, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1733 . [all data]

Orav, Raal, et al., 2006
Orav, A.; Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Müürisepp, M.; Kailas, T., Composition of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L. of different geographical origin, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2006, 55, 3, 155-165. [all data]

Sawamura, Onishi, et al., 2006
Sawamura, M.; Onishi, Y.; Ikemoto, J.; Tu, N.T.M.; Phi, N.T.L., Characteristic odour components of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) essential oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 609-615, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1604 . [all data]

Tigrine-Kordiani, Meklati, et al., 2006
Tigrine-Kordiani, N.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F., Abalysis by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of the essential oil of Zygophyllum album L., an aromatic and medicinal plant growing in Algeria, Int. J. Aromatherapy, 2006, 16, 3-4, 187-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.008 . [all data]

Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006
Wong, K.C.; Sivasothy, Y.; Boey, P.L., Essential oil of Elettariopsis elan C.K. Lim, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1654 . [all data]

Bezic, Skocibusic, et al., 2005
Bezic, N.; Skocibusic, M.; Dunkic, V., Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activityof Satureja montana L. and Satureja cunefolia Ten. Essential Oils, Acta Bot. Croat., 2005, 64, 2, 313-322. [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Ngassoum, M.B.; Parmentier, M., Chemical composition and olfactory characterization of essential oils of fruits and seeds of African pear (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam) from Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 215-218, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1324 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 2
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Stoyanova, A.; Balinova, A.; Guangjiun, Z.; Xihan, M., Solid phase microextraction/gas chromatographic and olfactory analysis of the scent and fixative properties of the essential oil of Rosa damascena L. from China, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 7-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1375 . [all data]

Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005
Joichi, A.; Yomogida, K.; Awano, K.; Ueda, Y., Volatile components of tea-scented modern roses and ancient Chinese roses, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 152-157, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1388 . [all data]

Kulisic, Radonic, et al., 2005
Kulisic, T.; Radonic, A.; Milos, M., Inhibition of Lard Oxidation by Fractions of Different Essential Oil, Grasas y Aceites, 2005, 56, 4, 284-291, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2005.v56.i4.94 . [all data]

Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005
Njoroge, S.M.; Koaze, H.; Mwaniki, M.; Minh Tu, N.T.; Sawamura, M., Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits: volatile components of two varieties of mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and a tangelo (C. paradisi × C. tangerina), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 74-79, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1376 . [all data]

Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005, 2
Njoroge, S.M.; Koaze, H.; Karanja, P.N.; Sawamura, M., Essential oil constituents of three varieties of Kenyan sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 80-85, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1377 . [all data]

Wong, Lee, et al., 2005
Wong, K.C.; Lee, B.C.; Lam, N.F.; Ibrahim, P., Essential oils of the rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Alpinia latilabris Ridl., Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 4, 431-433, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1458 . [all data]

Choi, 2004
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Choi, 2004, 2
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Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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