Benzene, 1,4-dinitro-

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-9.2 ± 0.1kcal/molCcbLebedeva, Ryadnenko, et al., 1971Hfusion=8.0±0.3, see Lebedeva, Rjadnenko, et al., 1969; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-691.7 ± 0.1kcal/molCcbLebedeva, Ryadnenko, et al., 1971Hfusion=8.0±0.3, see Lebedeva, Rjadnenko, et al., 1969; ALS
Δcsolid-693.7kcal/molCcbGarner and Abernethy, 1921ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
39.9325.David, 1964T = 298 to 373 K. Mean value. T = uncertain.; DH
47.80298.15Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950T = 293 to 368 K. Equation only.; DH
45.89298.Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926T = 22 to 210°C.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus444.2KN/AHwang, Tamura, et al., 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tfus446.65KN/ABooss and Hauschildt, 1972Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tfus446.7KN/AAndrews, Lynn, et al., 1926, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub22.5 ± 0.2kcal/molN/AVerevkin, 1997AC
Δsub23.0 ± 0.60kcal/molTEFerro, Piacente, et al., 1976Based on data from 339. - 398. K.; AC

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (atm) Reference Comment
456.20.045Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
14.4460.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 445. - 572. K. See also Dykyj, 1972.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
525. - 564.71.20878167.313-429.356Maksimov, 1968Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
21.2 ± 0.3343.VWolf and Weghofer, 1938ALS
21.3 ± 0.41343.N/ATrieschmann, 1935Based on data from 345. - 368. K. See also Wolf and Weghofer, 1938, 2 and Jones, 1960.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
4.202446.Musuc, Razus, et al., 2002AC
6.721446.7Acree, 1991AC
6.7161446.65Booss and Hauschildt, 1972DH
6.7208446.7Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
15.0446.65Booss and Hauschildt, 1972DH
15.0446.7Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Bromine anion + Benzene, 1,4-dinitro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, 1,4-dinitro-)

By formula: Br- + C6H4N2O4 = (Br- • C6H4N2O4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.6 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.2 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.2423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
2.00 ± 0.10TDEqChowdury, Grimsrud, et al., 1986ΔGea(423 K) = -44.3 kcal/mol; ΔSea = -4.5 eu.; B
0.02502N/ADesfrancois, Periquet, et al., 1999quadrupole bound state; B
1.995 ± 0.048IMREFukuda and McIver, 1985ΔGea(355 K) = -44.4 kcal/mol; ΔSea =-4.5, est. from data in Chowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986; B
<3.100 ± 0.050PDMock and Grimsrud, 1989B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.3 ± 0.1PEEgdell, Green, et al., 1975LLK
10.50 ± 0.02PIPotapov, Kardash, et al., 1972LLK
10.6 ± 0.1EIBrown, 1970RDSH
10.65PEPalmer, Moyes, et al., 1979Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C6H4NO2+12.5 ± 0.1NO2EIBrown, 1970RDSH

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Benzene, 1,4-dinitro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, 1,4-dinitro-)

By formula: Br- + C6H4N2O4 = (Br- • C6H4N2O4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.6 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.2 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of mCF3-nitrobenzene..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.2423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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IR spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
State gas
Instrument HP-GC/MS/IRD

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-3757
NIST MS number 229145

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Perkampus and Braunschweig, 1966
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 19797
Instrument Zeiss PMQ II
Melting point 172

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes246.75Eckel and Kind, 2003Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Lebedeva, Ryadnenko, et al., 1971
Lebedeva, N.D.; Ryadnenko, V.L.; Kuznetsova, I.N., Heats of combustion and enthalpies of formation of certain aromatic nitro-derivatives, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1971, 45, 549. [all data]

Lebedeva, Rjadnenko, et al., 1969
Lebedeva, N.D.; Rjadnenko, B.L.; Gutner, N.M., Heats of formation of some N-containing organic compounds, Int. Conf. Calorim. Therm. (Warsaw, Poland), 1969, 1-8. [all data]

Garner and Abernethy, 1921
Garner, W.E.; Abernethy, C.L., Heats of combustion and formation of nitro-compounds. Part I. - Benzene, toluene, phenol and methylaniline series, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1921, 213-235. [all data]

David, 1964
David, D.J., Determination of specific heat and heat of fusion by differential thermal analysis. Study of theory and operating parameters, Anal. Chem., 1964, 36, 2162-2166. [all data]

Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950
Ueberreiter, K.; Orthmann, H.-J., Specifische Wärme, spezifisches Volumen, Temperatur- und Wärme-leittähigkeit einiger disubstituierter Benzole und polycyclischer Systeme, Z. Natursforsch. 5a, 1950, 101-108. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The heat capacities and heat of crystallization of some isomeric aromatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274-1287. [all data]

Hwang, Tamura, et al., 1990
Hwang, D.-R.; Tamura, M.; Yoshida, T.; Tanaka, N.; Hosoya, F., Estimation of ΔH°f of nitro derivatives of benzene and toluene using AM1 and DSC, J. Energ. Mater., 1990, 8, 85-98. [all data]

Booss and Hauschildt, 1972
Booss, H.J.; Hauschildt, K.R., Die Schmelzenthalpie des Benzils und 4-Nitrophenols, Z. Anal. Chem., 1972, 261(1), 32. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926, 2
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The Heat Capacities and Heat of Crystallization of Some Isomeric Aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274. [all data]

Verevkin, 1997
Verevkin, Sergey P., Thermochemistry of nitro compounds. Experimental standard enthalpies of formation and improved group-additivity values, Thermochimica Acta, 1997, 307, 1, 17-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(97)00359-6 . [all data]

Ferro, Piacente, et al., 1976
Ferro, D.; Piacente, V.; Gigli, R.; D'Ascenzo, G., Determination of the vapour pressures of o-, m-, and p-dinitrobenzene by the torsion-effusion method, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1976, 8, 12, 1137-1143, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(76)90120-8 . [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1972
Dykyj, J., Petrochemia, 1972, 12, 1, 13. [all data]

Maksimov, 1968
Maksimov, Yu, Steam Pressures of Nitroaromatic Compouds at Different Temperatures, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1968, 42, 2921-2925. [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H., Uber sublimationswarmen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1938, 39, 194-208. [all data]

Trieschmann, 1935
Trieschmann, H.G., , Ph.D. Dissertation, Inst. Fur Phys. Chem. and Electrochem. der Universitat Kiel, Germany, 1935. [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938, 2
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H.Z., Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. B, 1938, 39, 194. [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Musuc, Razus, et al., 2002
Musuc, A.M.; Razus, D.; Oancea, D., Analele Universitatii Bucuresti Chimie, 2002, 11, 2, 147. [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Chowdury, Grimsrud, et al., 1986
Chowdury, S.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Heinis, T.; Kebarle, P., Electron affinities of perfluorobenzene and perfluorophenyl compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 3630. [all data]

Desfrancois, Periquet, et al., 1999
Desfrancois, C.; Periquet, V.; Lyapustina, S.A.; Lippa, T.P.; Robinson, D.W.; Bowen, K.H.; Nonaka, H.; Compton, Electron Binding to Valence and Multipole states of Molecules: Nitrobenzene, para- and meta-dinitrobenzenes, J. Chem. Phys., 1999, 111, 10, 4569, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479218 . [all data]

Fukuda and McIver, 1985
Fukuda, E.K.; McIver, R.T., Jr., Relative electron affinities of substituted benzophenones, nitrobenzenes, and quinones. [Anchored to EA(SO2) from 74CEL/BEN], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2291. [all data]

Chowdhury, Heinis, et al., 1986
Chowdhury, S.; Heinis, T.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Entropy Changes and Electron Affinities from Gas-Phase Electron Transfer Equilibria: A- + B = A + B-, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 12, 2747, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a037 . [all data]

Mock and Grimsrud, 1989
Mock, R.S.; Grimsrud, E.P., Gas-Phase Electron Photodetachment Spectroscopy of the Molecular Anions of Nitroaromatic Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric Pressure, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 8, 2861, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a020 . [all data]

Egdell, Green, et al., 1975
Egdell, R.; Green, J.C.; Rao, C.N.R., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 33, 600. [all data]

Potapov, Kardash, et al., 1972
Potapov, V.K.; Kardash, I.E.; Sorokin, V.V.; Sokolov, S.A.; Evlasheva, T.I., Photoionization of heteroaromatic compounds, Khim. Vys. Energ., 1972, 6, 392. [all data]

Brown, 1970
Brown, P., Kinetic studies in mass spectrometry. IX. Competing [M-NO2] and [M-NO] reactions in substituted nitrobenzenes. Approximate activation energies from ionization and appearance potentials, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 4, 533. [all data]

Palmer, Moyes, et al., 1979
Palmer, M.H.; Moyes, W.; Spiers, M.; Ridyard, J.N.A., The electronic structure of substituted benzenes; ab initio calculations and photoelectron spectra for nitrobenzene, the nitrotoluenes, dinitrobenzenes and fluoronitrobenzenes, J. Mol. Struct., 1979, 55, 243. [all data]

Perkampus and Braunschweig, 1966
Perkampus, H.-H.; Braunschweig, T.H., UV atlas organic compaunds, 1966, 2, D9/46. [all data]

Eckel and Kind, 2003
Eckel, W.P.; Kind, T., Use of boiling point-Lee retention index correlation for rapid review of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2003, 494, 1-2, 235-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.003 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References