Camphor
- Formula: C10H16O
- Molecular weight: 152.2334
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 76-22-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Species with the same structure:
- Stereoisomers:
- Other names: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-; Root bark oil; Spirit of camphor; 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone; 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor; 2-Bornanone; 2-Camphanone; 1,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one; 2-Camphonone; Gum camphor; Bornane, 2-oxo-; Camphor, synthetic; Huile de camphre; 2-Kamfanon; Kampfer; 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane; Matricaria camphor; Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-; UN 2717; Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-; Alphanon; DL-Camphor; Borneo camphor; Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)-; (.+/-.)-Camphor; Camphre; bornan-2-one
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Options:
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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | HP-Innowax | CP-Wax 52 CB | DB-Wax | BP-20 | Supelcowax-10 |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 60. | 30. | 30. | |
| Carrier gas | Helium | Helium | Helium | Nitrogen | Helium |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.20 | |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.20 | |
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 40. | 40. | 60. | 70. |
| Tend (C) | 220. | 220. | 230. | 200. | 220. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 3. |
| Initial hold (min) | 1. | 2. | |||
| Final hold (min) | 5. | 4.5 | 15. | ||
| I | 1531. | 1516. | 1536. | 1512. | 1511. |
| Reference | Feng, Zhuang, et al., 2011 | Tsai, Huang, et al., 2011 | Zeng, Xie, et al., 2011 | Mishra, Chaudhary, et al., 2010 | Neves, Rosa, et al., 2010 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | RTX-Wax | HP-Innowax | HP-Innowax | CP Wax 52 CB | Carbowax |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 50. | 30. | 60. | 60. |
| Carrier gas | Helium | Helium | N2 | Helium | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 45. | 50. | 40. | 60. |
| Tend (C) | 230. | 190. | 240. | 220. | 250. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 4. | 5. | 3. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | 1. | 8. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 30. | 50. | 4. | 15. | |
| I | 1490. | 1529. | 1473. | 1496. | 1514. |
| Reference | Museli, Pau, et al., 2009 | Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008 | Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 2007 | Chen, Chyau, et al., 2007 | Ferhat, Meklati, et al., 2007 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | CP-Wax 52CB | HP-20M | TC-FFAP | Supelcowax-10 | Supelcowax-10 |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 50. | 30. | 30. | |
| Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.25 |
| Tstart (C) | 40. | 70. | 60. | 70. | 50. |
| Tend (C) | 220. | 180. | 220. | 220. | 250. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 4. | 3. | 3. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 1. | 4. | |||
| Final hold (min) | 2. | 30. | 15. | ||
| I | 1486. | 1472. | 1522. | 1515. | 1508. |
| Reference | Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007 | Jerkovic, Mastelic, et al., 2007 | Kurose, Okamura, et al., 2007 | Pinto, Salgueiro, et al., 2007 | Raal, Orav, et al., 2007 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Supelcowax-10 | Innowax | Innowax | Supelcowax 10 | FFAP |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 20. |
| Carrier gas | He | N2 | N2 | Helium | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| Tstart (C) | 40. | 50. | 50. | 70. | 90. |
| Tend (C) | 250. | 280. | 280. | 220. | 250. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 9. | 9. | 3. | 6. |
| Initial hold (min) | 5. | 3. | 3. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 10. | 3. | 3. | 15. | |
| I | 1495. | 1519. | 1532. | 1515. | 1560. |
| Reference | Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007 | Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006 | Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006 | Cavaleiro, Pinto, et al., 2006 | Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | HP-Wax | HP-20M | DB-Innowax | Supelcowax-10 | Innowax |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 60. | 30. | 50. |
| Carrier gas | Nitrogen | N2 | Helium | He | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Tstart (C) | 50. | 50. | 60. | 50. | 60. |
| Tend (C) | 280. | 250. | 240. | 250. | 250. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 5. | 5. | 3. | 4. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 1. | ||||
| Final hold (min) | 5. | 10. | 20. | 10. | 60. |
| I | 1509. | 1509. | 1518. | 1499. | 1520. |
| Reference | Marzouk, Mansour, et al., 2006 | Marzouk, Neffati, et al., 2006 | Mendivil, Rodrigues, et al., 2006 | Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006 | Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | HP-Innowax | HP-20M | Carbowax 20M | Innowax | DB-Wax |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 50. | 50. | 60. | 30. |
| Carrier gas | Helium | Helium | Helium | He | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Tstart (C) | 80. | 70. | 40. | 60. | 50. |
| Tend (C) | 260. | 250. | 190. | 240. | 180. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 5. | 4. | 4. | 5. | 3. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | 4. | 2. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 10. | 10. | 30. | 30. | 40. |
| I | 1509. | 1472. | 1517. | 1529. | 1505. |
| Reference | Bertes, Freije, et al., 2005 | Bezic, Skocibusic, et al., 2005 | de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2005 | Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005 | Lee, Umano, et al., 2005 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | DB-Wax | Supelcowax-10 | PEG-20M | BP-20 | Innowax FSC |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 30. | 30. | 50. | 60. |
| Carrier gas | Nitrogen | Helium | |||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| Tstart (C) | 35. | 40. | 60. | 60. | 60. |
| Tend (C) | 235. | 220. | 180. | 220. | 220. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 3. | 3. | 2. | 4. |
| Initial hold (min) | 4. | 5. | 10. | 10. | |
| Final hold (min) | 30. | 10. | 30. | 20. | |
| I | 1545. | 1495. | 1517. | 1508. | 1532. |
| Reference | Qian and Wang, 2005 | Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2005 | Yao, Guo, et al., 2005 | Blanc, Muselli, et al., 2004 | Lourens, Reddy, et al., 2004 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | NB-20M | SW-10 | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | HP-Innowax |
| Column length (m) | 50. | 50. | 60. | 60. | 50. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | Nitrogen | He | |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.2 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Tstart (C) | 50. | 50. | 70. | 70. | 45. |
| Tend (C) | 250. | 230. | 230. | 230. | 190. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 2. | 2. | 2. | 4. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | 2. | 2. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 20. | 50. | |||
| I | 1513. | 1500. | 1540. | 1540. | 1536. |
| Reference | Raal, Arak, et al., 2004 | Raal, Paaver, et al., 2004 | Sawamura, Son, et al., 2004 | Sawamura, Sou, et al., 2004 | Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Supelcowax-10 | CP-Wax 52CB | SW-10 | Innowax | Carbowax 20M |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 50. | 60. | 25. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | N2 |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 40. | 50. | 60. | 50. |
| Tend (C) | 240. | 220. | 250. | 220. | 250. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 3. | 2. | 4. | 4. |
| Initial hold (min) | 10. | ||||
| Final hold (min) | 10. | 10. | |||
| I | 1530. | 1516. | 1511. | 1532. | 1518. |
| Reference | Cabanillas, Lopez, et al., 2003 | Mau, Lai, et al., 2003 | Raal, Arak, et al., 2003 | Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003 | Zrira, Elamrani, et al., 2003 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Supelcowax-10 | Carbowax 20M | DB-Wax | Carbowax 20M | PEG-20M |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 60. | 30. | 50. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.325 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
| Tstart (C) | 40. | 50. | 45. | 50. | 70. |
| Tend (C) | 210. | 215. | 240. | 215. | 220. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 4. | 3. | 4. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | ||||
| Final hold (min) | 33. | 20. | |||
| I | 1486. | 1518. | 1518. | 1518. | 1511. |
| Reference | Kabouss, Charrouf, et al., 2002 | Kasali, Winterhalter, et al., 2002 | Christoph, 2001 | Kasali, Oyedeji, et al., 2001 | Orav and Kann, 2001 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Supelcowax-10 | DB-Wax | CW 20M | HP Innowax FSP | Innowax |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 60. | 25. | 60. | 60. |
| Carrier gas | He | He | Hydrogen | He | He |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 40. | 50. | 60. | 60. |
| Tend (C) | 280. | 200. | 220. | 220. | 220. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 2. | 3. | ||
| Initial hold (min) | 2. | 1. | 10. | 10. | |
| Final hold (min) | 10. | 10. | |||
| I | 1537. | 1510. | 1488. | 1532. | 1532. |
| Reference | Korány, Mednyánszky, et al., 2000 | Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000 | Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999 | Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999 | Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | DB-Wax | HP-20M | DB-Wax | Supelcowax-10 | CBP-20 |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 25. | 60. | 30. | 25. |
| Carrier gas | He | Helium | N2 | He | |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 60. | 60. | 60. | 35. |
| Tend (C) | 240. | 200. | 220. | 240. | 200. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 3. | 5. | 4. | 5. |
| Initial hold (min) | 4. | 5. | |||
| Final hold (min) | |||||
| I | 1526. | 1534. | 1543. | 1516. | 1507. |
| Reference | Ngassoum, Yonkeu, et al., 1999 | Prikhod'ko, Klyuev, et al., 1999 | Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1999 | Lamarque, Maestri, et al., 1998 | Quiroz A. and Niemeyer H.M., 1998 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | HP-Innowax FSC | DB-Wax | PEG-20M | DB-Wax | TC-Wax |
| Column length (m) | 60. | 60. | 50. | 60. | 60. |
| Carrier gas | He | H2 | He | He | |
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.50 | ||
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 60. | 70. | 50. | 80. |
| Tend (C) | 220. | 220. | 250. | 250. | 240. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 3. | 2. | 8. | 3. |
| Initial hold (min) | 10. | 1. | 5. | ||
| Final hold (min) | 10. | 6. | |||
| I | 1532. | 1528. | 1511. | 1525. | 1525. |
| Reference | Tümen, Baser, et al., 1998 | Werkhoff, Güntert, et al., 1998 | Orav, Kailas, et al., 1996 | Sagrero-Nieves and Bartley, 1996 | Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | DB-Wax | PEG-20M | Supelcowax-10 | Supelcowax-10 | DB-Wax |
| Column length (m) | 30. | 60. | 60. | ||
| Carrier gas | Hydrogen | He | He | ||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | ||
| Phase thickness (μm) | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| Tstart (C) | 30. | 70. | 40. | 40. | 50. |
| Tend (C) | 190. | 180. | 210. | 210. | 230. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 3. | 2. | 2. | 2. | 2. |
| Initial hold (min) | 6. | 7. | 2. | 2. | 4. |
| Final hold (min) | 120. | 120. | |||
| I | 1529. | 1524. | 1515. | 1515. | 1511. |
| Reference | Young, Gilbert, et al., 1996 | Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1995 | Collin, Deslauriers, et al., 1993 | Collin, Deslauriers, et al., 1993 | Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active phase | Carbowax 20M | DB-Wax | DB-Wax | Carbowax 20M | Carbowax 20M |
| Column length (m) | 45. | 30. | 30. | 150. | 100. |
| Carrier gas | Hydrogen | H2 | |||
| Substrate | |||||
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.64 | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | 1.0 | 0.25 | |||
| Tstart (C) | 60. | 70. | 50. | 50. | 70. |
| Tend (C) | 200. | 200. | 250. | 170. | 170. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 2. | 4. | 5. | 1. | 1. |
| Initial hold (min) | 5. | 2. | 30. | ||
| Final hold (min) | |||||
| I | 1497. | 1535. | 1507. | 1490. | 1537. |
| Reference | Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992 | Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990 | Perry, Baxter, et al., 1986 | Buttery and Kamm, 1980 | Shibamoto and Jennings, 1977 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
| Column type | Capillary |
|---|---|
| Active phase | Carbowax 20M |
| Column length (m) | 100. |
| Carrier gas | |
| Substrate | |
| Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 |
| Phase thickness (μm) | |
| Tstart (C) | 70. |
| Tend (C) | 170. |
| Heat rate (K/min) | 1. |
| Initial hold (min) | |
| Final hold (min) | |
| I | 1539. |
| Reference | Shibamoto and Jennings, 1977 |
| Comment | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Feng, Zhuang, et al., 2011
Feng, T.; Zhuang, H.; Ye, R.; Jin, Z.; Xu, X.; Xie, Z.,
Analysis of volatile compounds of Mesona Blumes gum/rice extrudates via GC-MS and electronic nose,
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2011, 160, 1, 964-973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.09.013
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Tsai, Huang, et al., 2011
Tsai, S.-Y.; Huang, S.-J.; Chyau, C.-C.; Tsai, C.-H.; Weng, C.-C.; Mau, J.-L.,
Composition and antioxidant properties of essential oils from Curcuma rhisome,
Asian J. of Arts Sciences, 2011, 2, 1, 57-66. [all data]
Zeng, Xie, et al., 2011
Zeng, Z.; Xie, R.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, H.; Chen, J.Y.,
Analysis of volatile compositions of Magnolia biondii Pamp by steam distillation and Headspace solid phase micro-extraction,
J. Oleo Sci., 2011, 60, 12, 591-596, https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.60.591
. [all data]
Mishra, Chaudhary, et al., 2010
Mishra, R.K.; Chaudhary, S.; Pandey, R.; Gupta, S.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Kumar, S.,
Analysis of linalool content in the inflorescence (flower) essential oil and leaf oil of Lippia alba cultivar Kavach,
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Neves, A.; Rosa, S.; Goncalves, J.; Rufino, A.; Judas, F.; Salgueiro, L.; Lopes, M.C.; Cavaleiro, C.; Mendes, A.F.,
Screening of five essential oils for identification of potential inhibitors of IL-1-unduced Nf-kB activation and NO production in human clondrocytes: characterization of the inhibitory activity of alpha-pinene,
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Volatile constituents of Achllea ligustica All. by HS-SPME/GC/GC-MS. Comparison with essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Corsica and Sardinia,
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Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I.,
SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles,
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Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 2007
Cheraif, I.; Ben Jannet, H.; Hammami, M.; Khouja, M.L.; Mighri, Z.,
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Cupressus arizonica Greene,
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Chen, Chyau, et al., 2007
Chen, C.-C.; Chyau, C.-C.; Hseu, TY.-H.,
Production of a COX-2 inhibitor, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, with submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata,
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Ferhat, Meklati, et al., 2007
Ferhat, M.A.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F.,
Comparison of different isolation methods of essential oil from Citrus fruits: cold pressing, hydrodistillation and microwave dry distillation,
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Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007
Hymete, A.; Rohloff, J.; Iversen, T.-H.; Kjosen, H.,
Volatile constituents of the roots of Echinops kebericho Mesfin,
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Notes
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