Indole, 3-methyl-

Formula: C₉H₉N
Molecular weight: 131.1745
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C9H9N/c1-7-6-10-9-5-3-2-4-8(7)9/h2-6,10H,1H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZFRKQXVRDFCRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 83-34-1
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Skatole; 1H-Indole, 3-methyl-; β-Methylindole; Scatole; Skatol; 3-Methylindole; 3-MI; 3-Methyl-1H-indole; NSC 122024; 3-Methylindole (skatol); 3-methylindole (skatole); Indole, 3-methyl- (skatole)
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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	SE-30	170.	1388.	Tibor and Anna, 1971	N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m
Packed	SE-30	190.	1402.	Tibor and Anna, 1971	N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SPB-5	1410.	Engel and Ratel, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1380.	Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	SE-54	1410.	Schlutt B., Moran N., et al., 2007	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-5	1381.	Alves, Pinto, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 5. K/min, 270. C @ 20. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-5	1389.	Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 30. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1399.	Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	1391.	Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1396.	Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	1383.	Peterson and Reineccius, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 4. min
Capillary	DB-5	1383.	Peterson and Reineccius, 2003, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 4. min
Capillary	DB-5	1391.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	1395.	Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1401.	Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	1390.	Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1391.	Rostad and Pereira, 1986	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5MS	1388.	Kim, Lee, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 160C => 8C/min => 240C (15min)
Capillary	DB-5	1394.	Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-5	1398.	Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35 C (2 min) 40 C/min -> 50 C (2 min) 4 C/min -> 230 C
Capillary	SE-54	1396.	Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 180C 20C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5MS	1400.	Milo and Reineccius, 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 250C
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1381.	Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	FFAP	2452.	Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	FFAP	2516.	Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	FFAP	2520.	Schlutt B., Moran N., et al., 2007	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2504.	Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 30. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2489.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2489.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2481.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	15. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2486.	Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2489.	Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2496.	Peterson and Reineccius, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 6. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2468.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2477.	Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2505.	Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	2492.	Chung, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	FFAP	2503.	Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2006	25. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 60C(1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	2504.	Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2514.	Munk, Johansen, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C(5min)
Capillary	FFAP	2523.	Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 180C 20C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2489.	Yasuhara, 1987	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1382.	Fanaro, Duarte, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 0.5 min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 0.5 min
Capillary	ZB-5	1396.	Harrison and Priest, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min
Capillary	DB-5	1399.	Mallia, Escher, et al., 2009	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-1	1351.	Breme, Langle, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	HP-1	1354.	Breme, Langle, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SPB-5	1408.	Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-5	1410.	Sanz, Czerny, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1427.	Cadwallader and Heo, 2001	30. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	AT-1	1374.	Kelling, 2001	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1401.	Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 1999	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	HP-1	1362.	Boatright and Crum, 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 3. min
Capillary	DB-5	1388.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1339.	Okumura, 1991	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 260. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SE-54	1388.	Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min -> 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	HP-1	1351.	Breme, Langle, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	1388.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	1387.	Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 K/min -> 190 0C 12 K/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	SE-54	1388.	Buettner and Welle, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	1388.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	HP-5	1409.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	SPB-5	1402.	Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5MS	1420.	Young, Lane, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 160C => 6C/min => 250C => 25C/min => 325C
Capillary	SE-54	1388.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-5	1390.	Schieberle, 1996	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	1365.	Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	1365.	Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	FFAP	2484.	Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2500.	Mallia, Escher, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2459.	Kishimoto, Wanikawa, et al., 2006	15. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2490.	Sanz, Czerny, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-FFAP	2500.	Preininger and Ullrich, 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min; T_start: 35. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	EC-1000	2530.	Delabre and Bendall, 9999	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene glycol (Free Fatty Acid Phase)	2495.	Harraca, Syed, et al., 2009	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene glycol (Free Fatty Acid Phase)	2510.	Harraca, Syed, et al., 2009	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2484.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	2495.	Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 K/min -> 190 0C 12 K/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2484.	Buettner and Welle, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2484.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	2496.	Peterson and Reineccius, 2003, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	2494.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	237.80	Rostad and Pereira, 1986	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SE-52	239.20	Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982	20. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 265. C
Capillary	SE-52	236.66	Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979	12. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	237.80	Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	237.88	Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Tibor and Anna, 1971
Tibor, T.; Anna, B., Gázkromatográfiás retenció és a kémiai szerkezet, I., Magy. Kem. Foly., 1971, 77, 576-587. [all data]

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Drake M.; Benitez D.; Cadwallader K.R., Instrumental and sensory characterization of heat-induced odorants in aseptically packaged soy milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3018-3026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631225 . [all data]

Schlutt B., Moran N., et al., 2007
Schlutt B.; Moran N.; Schieberle P.; Hofmann T., Sensory-directed identification of creaminess-enhancing volatiles and semivolatiles in full-fat cream, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 23, 9634-9645, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0721545 . [all data]

Alves, Pinto, et al., 2005
Alves, R.J.V.; Pinto, A.C.; da Costa, A.V.M.; Rezende, C.M., Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) and the chemical composition of its floral fecal odor, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2005, 16, 3B, 654-656, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000400027 . [all data]

Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005
Colahan-Sederstrom, P.M.; Peterson, D.G., Inhibition of key aroma compound generated during ultrahigh-temperature processing of bovine milk via epicatechin addition, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 2, 398-402, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0487248 . [all data]

Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005
Whetstine, M.E.C.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Characterization of aroma compounds responsible for the rosy/floral flavor in cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 3126-3132, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048278o . [all data]

Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004
Mahajan, S.S.; Goddik, L.; Qian, M.C., Aroma Compounds in Sweet Whey Powder, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 12, 4057-4063, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73547-X . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Vlahovich, K.N.; Drake, M.A.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 23, 6797-6801, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345806 . [all data]

Peterson and Reineccius, 2003
Peterson, D.G.; Reineccius, G.A., Characterization of the volatile compounds that constitute fresh sweet cream butter aroma, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 3, 215-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1192 . [all data]

Peterson and Reineccius, 2003, 2
Peterson, D.G.; Reineccius, G.A., Determination of the aroma impact compounds in heated sweet cream butter, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 320-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1228 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2, 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010648a . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Drake, M.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma-active components of nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 6, 2948-2953, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0009854 . [all data]

Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 2001
Lee, G.-H.; Suriyaphan, O.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma components of cooked tail meat of American lobster (Homarus americanus), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4324-4332, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001523t . [all data]

Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996
Moio L.; Rillo L.; Ledda A.; Addeo F., Odorous constituents of ovine milk in relationship to diet, J. Dairy Sci., 1996, 79, 8, 1322-1331, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76488-3 . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Kim, Lee, et al., 2003
Kim, T.H.; Lee, S.M.; Kim, Y.-S.; Kim, K.H.; Oh, S.; Lee, H.J., Aroma dilution method using GC injector split ratio for volatile compounds extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction, Food Chem., 2003, 83, 1, 151-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00221-8 . [all data]

Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002
Jezussek, M.; Juliano, B.O.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of key aroma compounds in cooked brown rice varieties based on aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1101-1105, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0108720 . [all data]

Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 2002
Zehentbauer, G.; Reineccius, G.A., Determination of key aroma components of cheddar cheese using dynamic headspace dilution assay, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 4, 300-305, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1102 . [all data]

Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000
Zimmermann, M.; Schieberle, P., Important odorants of sweet bell pepper powder (Capsicum annuum cv. annuum): differences between samples of Hungarian and Morrocan origin, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2000, 211, 3, 175-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050019 . [all data]

Milo and Reineccius, 1997
Milo, C.; Reineccius, G.A., Identification and quantification of potent odorants in regular-fat and low-fat mild cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 9, 3590-3594, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970152m . [all data]

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Notes

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Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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