Isopropyl Alcohol

Formula: C₃H₈O
Molecular weight: 60.0950
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 67-63-0
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: 2-Propanol; sec-Propyl Alcohol; Alcojel; Alcosolve 2; Avantin; Avantine; Combi-Schutz; Dimethylcarbinol; Hartosol; Imsol A; Isohol; Isopropanol; Lutosol; Petrohol; Propol; PRO; Takineocol; 1-Methylethyl Alcohol; iso-C3H7OH; 2-Hydroxypropane; Propane, 2-hydroxy-; sec-Propanol; Propan-2-ol; i-Propylalkohol; Alcolo; Alcool isopropilico; Alcool isopropylique; Alkolave; Arquad DMCB; iso-Propylalkohol; Isopropyl alcohol, rubbing; IPA; Lavacol; Visco 1152; Alcosolve; i-Propanol; 2-Propyl alcohol; Spectrar; Sterisol hand disinfectant; UN 1219; n-Propan-2-ol; 1-methylethanol; Propanol-2; Virahol; IPS 1
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Other data available:
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₃H₈O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.17 ± 0.02	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	189.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	182.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol)	Reference	Comment
190. ± 1.	Cao and Holmes, 2001	MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.15 ± 0.07	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
10.10 ± 0.02	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
10.29 ± 0.02	PE	Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971	LLK
10.18	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
10.12 ± 0.03	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
10.15 ± 0.05	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
10.44	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
10.49 ± 0.03	PE	Peel and Willett, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
10.42	PE	Robin and Kuebler, 1973	Vertical value; LLK
10.36	PE	Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK
10.42	PE	Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
CH₃⁺	30.2 ± 0.2	?	EI	Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964	RDSH
CH₃O⁺	12.5	?	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	14.6	?	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₂H₄O⁺	10.27 ± 0.09	CH₄	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₂H₄O⁺	10.26	CH₄	EI	Holmes, Burgers, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
C₂H₄O⁺	10.23 ± 0.02	CH₄	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
C₂H₄O⁺	10.27 ± 0.03	CH₄	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺	10.20 ± 0.08	CH₃	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₂H₅O⁺	10.26	CH₃	EI	Lossing, 1977	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	10.40 ± 0.03	CH₃	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	10.70	CH₃	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺	10.40	CH₃	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₆⁺	~12.0 ± 0.9	H₂O	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₃H₆⁺	~12.0	H₂O	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₇⁺	11.6	OH	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₇O⁺	≤10.48 ± 0.08	H	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₃H₇O⁺	≤10.48	H	EI	Lossing, 1977	LLK
C₃H₇O⁺	10.3 ± 0.5	H	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1972	LLK
C₃H₇O⁺	10.6	H	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₇O⁺	11.85	H	EI	Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₃H₇O^- + = Isopropyl Alcohol

By formula: C₃H₇O^- + H⁺ = C₃H₈O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	375.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	D-EA	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	375.4 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	376.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	375.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	368.5 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	368.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	369.1 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Cao and Holmes, 2001
Cao, J.; Holmes, J.L., Determination of the proton affinities of secondary alcohols from the dissocation of proton-bound molecular trios, European J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 7, 243-247. [all data]

Bowen and Maccoll, 1984
Bowen, R.D.; Maccoll, A., Low energy, low temperature mass spectra, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 379. [all data]

Potapov and Sorokin, 1972
Potapov, V.K.; Sorokin, V.V., Kinetic energies of products of dissociative photoionization of molecules. I. Aliphatic ketones and alcohols, Khim. Vys. Energ., 1972, 6, 387. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Refaey and Chupka, 1968
Refaey, K.M.A.; Chupka, W.A., Photoionization of the lower aliphatic alcohols with mass analysis, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 5205. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Peel and Willett, 1975
Peel, J.B.; Willett, G.D., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the higher alcohols, Aust. J. Chem., 1975, 28, 2357. [all data]

Robin and Kuebler, 1973
Robin, M.B.; Kuebler, N.A., Excited electronic states of the simple alcohols, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 13. [all data]

Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973
Katsumata, S.; Iwai, T.; Kimura, K., Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Higher alkyl amines and alcohols, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3391. [all data]

Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971
Baker, A.D.; Betteridge, D.; Kemp, N.R.; Kirby, R.E., Application of photoelectron spectrometry to pesticide analysis. II.Photoelectron spectra of hydroxy-, and halo-alkanes and halohydrins, Anal. Chem., 1971, 43, 375. [all data]

Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964
Olmsted, J., III; Street, K., Jr.; Newton, A.S., Excess-kinetic-energy ions in organic mass spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 2114. [all data]

Friedman, Long, et al., 1957
Friedman, L.; Long, F.A.; Wolfsberg, M., Study of the mass spectra of the lower aliphatic alcohols, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 27, 613. [all data]

Holmes, Burgers, et al., 1982
Holmes, J.L.; Burgers, P.C.; Mollah, Y.A., Alkane elimination from ionized alkanols, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 127. [all data]

Lossing, 1977
Lossing, F.P., Heats of formation of some isomeric [C_nH_2n+1]⁺ ions. Substitutional effects on ion stability, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 7526. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1969
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Excess energies in mass spectra of some oxygen-containing organic compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1969, 65, 1794. [all data]

Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959
Lambdin, W.J.; Tuffly, B.L.; Yarborough, V.A., Appearance potentials as obtained with an analytical mass spectrometer, Appl. Spectry., 1959, 13, 71. [all data]

Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000
Ramond, T.M.; Davico, G.E.; Schwartz, R.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Vibronic structure of alkoxy radicals via photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 3, 1158-1169, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.480767 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

DeTuri and Ervin, 1999
DeTuri, V.F.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation: Gas-phase acidities and bond dissociation energies for a series of alcohols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 35, 6911-6920, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991459m . [all data]

Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE Appearance energy

IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy

Δ_rG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions

Δ_rH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions