Pentane, 3,3-dimethyl-

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.653.1Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10160.656.3Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.660.Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999 
CapillaryOV-1010.649.Skrbic, 1997 
PackedSqualane78.5662.8Zhang and Lu, 1996 
CapillaryCP Sil 260.658.0Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySqualane25.656.Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 
CapillaryDB-160.658.1Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
CapillaryPONA60.658.0Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryPONA60.658.1Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryDB-160.658.0Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm
CapillaryOV-10160.657.9Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
CapillaryOV-145.656.2Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-165.659.Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySqualane50.658.9Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.661.5Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySqualane50.658.5Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.661.2Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.654.7Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.656.1Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.657.6Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.659.2Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10130.654.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.656.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.657.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.658.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.659.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.661.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-330.654.6Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-340.655.9Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-350.657.3Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-360.658.7Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-370.660.3Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-380.661.9Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryDB-160.658.1Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.658.1Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillaryOV-10150.656.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.656.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-150.658.Johansen and Ettre, 198217.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm
CapillarySE-3050.658.Johansen and Ettre, 198217.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm
CapillarySF-9650.656.Johansen and Ettre, 198291.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-130.655.Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-140.656.5Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-150.658.Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-160.659.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-170.661.4Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-180.663.4Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3030.657.Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3040.657.6Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3050.657.9Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3060.658.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3070.658.8Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3080.659.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
PackedTriacontane70.661.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedTriacontane80.662.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane70.662.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.663.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-180.657.Dimov and Papazova, 1979Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m
CapillarySqualane60.660.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.643.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.659.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.662.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSF-96100.664.21Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-96110.665.95Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-96120.667.8Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-9680.660.59Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-9690.662.46Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.654.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.656.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.657.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.658.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.660.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillarySqualane70.659.1Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3080.660.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane25.656.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane80.662.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
CapillarySqualane40.658.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.656.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.659.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.661.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.664.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane30.656.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.659.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.662.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane30.656.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane40.657.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.660.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.661.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane26.656.Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966Column length: 10. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101646.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L657.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100654.25Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH651.9Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-1643.69LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillarySPB-1644.47LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-5651.5Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101650.5Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH647.31Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH647.32Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH648.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryOV-101646.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101650.Wu and Lu, 1984Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.651.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.659.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.656.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillaryOV-10170.659.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillarySqualane100.666.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane70.662.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane86.653.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
CapillaryApiezon L40. to 190.661.Mann, Mühlstädt, et al., 1967Column length: 2. m
PackedMethyl Silicone50.652.Huguet, 1961Nitrogen, Celite C-22; Column length: 2.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB653.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH647.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone664.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101660.Du and Liang, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane660.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes650.Yin, Guo, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone659.Zenkevich and Marinichev, 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone653.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone659.Zenkevich, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1647.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101649.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane654.Petrov, 1984Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.646.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.657.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.658.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30653.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane669.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)
PackedSqualane669.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chen, Liang, et al., 2001
Chen, J.P.; Liang, X.M.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, L.F., Prediction of GC retention values under various column temperature conditions from temperature programmed data, Chromatographia, 2001, 53, 9/10, 539-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491619 . [all data]

Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999
Heinzen, V.E.F.; Soares, M.F.; Yunes, R.A., Semi-empirical topological method for the prediction of the chromatographic retention of cis- and trans-alkene isomers and alkanes, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 849, 2, 495-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00530-0 . [all data]

Skrbic, 1997
Skrbic, B.D., Unified retention concept -- statistical treatment of Kováts retention index, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 764, 2, 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00955-7 . [all data]

Zhang and Lu, 1996
Zhang, X.; Lu, P., Unified equation between Kováts indices on different stationary phases for select types of compounds, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 731, 1-2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01213-3 . [all data]

Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995
Estel, D.; Mohnke; Biermans; Rotzsche, The analysis of C4-C11 hydrocarbons in naphtha and reformate with a new apolar fused silica column, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 7, 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180703 . [all data]

Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M., Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 2, 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80515-6 . [all data]

Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994
Krupcik, J.; Skacani, I.; Benicka, E.; Sandra, P., Dependence of gas chromatographic retention data of hydrocarbons on the film thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, 59, 11, 2390-2396, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942390 . [all data]

Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L., Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]

Boneva and Dimov, 1986
Boneva, S.; Dimov, N., Unified retention index of hydrocarbons separated on dimethylsilicone OV-101, Chromatographia, 1986, 21, 12, 697-700, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02313682 . [all data]

Chien, Furio, et al., 1983
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-101 and SP-2100 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 10, 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061013 . [all data]

Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific retention volumes and retention indices of selected hydrocarbon solutes with OV-3, OV-7, OV-11, OV-17, OV-22, and OV-25 polymethylphenylsiloxane solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1983, 6, 12, 669-679, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061207 . [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Johansen and Ettre, 1982
Johansen, N.G.; Ettre, L.S., Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases, Chromatographia, 1982, 15, 10, 625-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488 . [all data]

Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981
Chien, C.-F.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-1 and SE-30 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1981, 4, 10, 539-543, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041017 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Dimov and Papazova, 1979
Dimov, N.; Papazova, D., Calculation of retention indices of isoparaffins on different phases, Chromatographia, 1979, 12, 7, 443-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302987 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N., Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Castello, Berg, et al., 1973
Castello, G.; Berg, M.; Lunardelli, M., Temperature dependence of the retention indices of branched-chain paraffins on non-polar stationary phases. A method for its calculation on the basis of molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 1973, 79, 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85270-5 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P., Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]

Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D., Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X . [all data]

Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C., Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A., Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0 . [all data]

Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B., Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1 . [all data]

Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G., Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

LECO Corporation, 2003
LECO Corporation, Determination of hydrocarbon components in petroleum naphthas, 2003, retrieved from http://www.leco.org/customersupport/apps/separationscience/-190.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Yin, Liu, et al., 2001
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Notes

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